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Advanced Robotics 2009年第12-13期23卷 1687-1702页

作者： Wang, Chieh-Chih Lin, Chi-Hao Hu, Jwu-Sheng Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan Intelligent Robotics Program of Industrial Technology Research Institute Department of Electrical and Control Engineering National Chiao Tung University HsinChu 310 Taiwan

Auditory perception is one of the most important functions for robotics applications. Microphone arrays are widely used for auditory perception in which the spatial structure of microphones is usually known. In practice, microphone array calibration can be tedious and other devices or means are required. The structure from sound (SFS) approach addresses the problem of simultaneously localizing a set of microphones and a set of acoustic events that provides a great flexibility to calibrate different setups of microphone arrays. However, the existing method does not take measurement uncertainty into account and does not provide uncertainty estimates of the SFS results. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic structure from sound (PSFS) approach using the unscented transform in which the uncertainties of the PSFS results are also available. In addition, a probabilistic sound source localization approach using the PSFS results is provided to improve sound source localization accuracy. The ample results of simulation and experiments using low-cost, off-the-shelf microphones demonstrate the feasibility and performance of the proposed PSFS approach. © 2009 VSP.

关键词： Microphone array

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Microsphere-assisted quantitative phase microscopy:a review

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第1期5卷 131-150页

作者： Vahid Abbasian Tobias Pahl Lucie Hüser Sylvain Lecler Paul Montgomery Peter Lehmann Arash Darafsheh Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University School of Medicine in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63110USA Imaging Science Program McKelvey School of EngineeringWashington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA Measurement Technology Group Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of KasselWilhelmshöher Allee 7134121 KasselGermany ICube Research Institute INSA StrasbourgUniversitéde StrasbourgCNRS67000 StrasbourgFrance

Light microscopes are the most widely used devices in life and material sciences that allow the study of the interaction of light with matter at a resolution better than that of the naked *** microscopes translate the spatial differences in the intensity of the reflected or transmitted light from an object to pixel brightness differences in the digital ***,a phase microscope converts the spatial differences in the phase of the light from or through an object to differences in pixel *** microscopy,a phase-based approach,has found application in various *** interferometry has brought nanometric axial resolution,the lateral resolution in quantitative phase microscopy(QPM)has still remained limited by diffraction,similar to other traditional microscopy *** the resolution has been the subject of intense investigation since the invention of the microscope in the 17th *** the past decade,microsphere-assisted microscopy(MAM)has emerged as a simple and effective approach to enhance the resolution in light *** can be integrated with QPM for 3D label-free imaging with enhanced ***,we review the integration of microspheres with coherence scanning interference and digital holographic microscopies,discussing the associated open questions,challenges,and opportunities.

关键词： Phase microscopy Digital holographic microscopy Microsphere Resolution

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Towards Precision Cancer Therapy: Prottrans and Multi-Window Scanning Convolutional Neural Networks Transforming Protein-Peptide Interaction Predictions

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Van Le, The Zi Zhan, Jun Yu Ou, Yen Department of Computer Science and Engineering Yuan Ze University Chung-Li32003 Taiwan Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics Yuan Ze University Chung-Li32003 Taiwan

This study delves into the prediction of protein-peptide interactions using advanced machine learning techniques, comparing models such as sequence-based, standard CNNs, and traditional classifiers. Leveraging pre-trained language models and multi-view window scanning CNNs, our approach yields significant improvements, with ProtTrans standing out based on 2.1 billion protein sequences and 393 billion amino acids. The integrated model achieves an impressive AUC of 0.855 and 0.822 on Set_1 and Set_2 datasets, outperforming previous methods. Beyond this, we explore the application of this model in cancer therapy, particularly in identifying peptide interactions for selective targeting of cancer cells. The findings of this study contribute to bioinformatics, providing valuable insights for drug discovery and therapeutic development. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Correcting Negative Bias in Large Language Models through Negative Attention Score Alignment

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yu, Sangwon Song, Jongyoon Hwang, Bongkyu Kang, Hoyoung Cho, Sooah Choi, Junhwa Joe, Seongho Lee, Taehee Gwon, Youngjune L. Yoon, Sungroh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of Samsung SDS Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Korea Republic of

A binary decision task, like yes-no questions or answer verification, reflects a significant real-world scenario such as where users look for confirmation about the correctness of their decisions on specific issues. In this work, we observe that language models exhibit a negative bias in the binary decisions of complex reasoning tasks. Based on our observations and the rationale about attention-based model dynamics, we propose a negative attention score (NAS) to systematically and quantitatively formulate negative bias. Based on NAS, we identify attention heads that attend to negative tokens provided in the instructions as answer candidate of binary decisions, regardless of the question in the prompt, and validate their association with the negative bias. Additionally, we propose the negative attention score alignment (NASA) method, which is a parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique to address the extracted negatively biased attention heads. Experimental results from various domains of reasoning tasks and large model search space demonstrate that NASA significantly reduces the gap between precision and recall caused by negative bias while preserving their generalization abilities. Our codes are available at https://***/ysw1021/NASA. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： NASA

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Integrated 4H-silicon carbide diode bridge rectifier for high temperature (773 K) environment

Integrated 4H-silicon carbide diode bridge rectifier for hig...

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European Conference on Solid-State Device Research (ESSDERC)

作者： Shiqian Shao Wei-Cheng Lien Ayden Maralani Albert P. Pisano Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at Berkeley USA Applied Science and Technology Program University of California at Berkeley USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California at Berkeley USA Jacobs School of Engineering University of California at San Diego USA

In this paper, we demonstrate the stable operation of integrated 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) diode bridge rectifier circuits at high temperature up to 773 K for the first time. The turn-on voltages of the fabricated 4H-SiC pn diode are 2.6 V and 1.4 V at room temperature and 773 K, respectively, with a low shifting rate of 2.2 mV/K. The integration of the 4H-SiC diode bridge rectifier circuit was achieved with contact and interconnect metallization technique for high temperature. The demonstration of the extremely high temperature operation of the integrated 4H-SiC diode bridge rectifier circuits brings promising applications in harsh environment electronics and sensing.

关键词： Bridge circuits Rectifiers Silicon carbide Temperature sensors Plasma temperature Temperature measurement Fabrication

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Combining Knee Acoustic Emissions, Patient-Reported Measures, and Machine Learning to Assess Osteoarthritis Severity

Combining Knee Acoustic Emissions, Patient-Reported Measures...

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International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN)

作者： Christopher Nichols H. Trask Crane Dave Ewart Omer T. Inan Bioengineering Graduate Program Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center Minneapolis MN USA Coulter Dept. of Biomedical Engineering School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Current methods for quantifying osteoarthritis severity have limited resolution and accessibility. Patient-recorded outcome measures such as the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) capture symptom severity, but are subjectively reported and have little correlation with quantifiable metrics of disease such as Kellgren-Lawrence x-ray grade or MRI findings. Knee acoustic emissions (KAEs) offer a convenient, noninvasive option for quantifying joint health. Here, we use machine learning and wearable design to create an interpretable two-stage algorithm for combining KAEs and KOOS scores into an objective, more accessible method of quantifying disease severity. Our algorithm successfully discriminated between early and late-stage osteoarthritis (balanced accuracy = 85%, ROC-AUC = 0.88). The addition of KAEs improved classification of osteoarthritis severity over the use of KAEs (balanced accuracy = 53%, ROC-AUC = 0.786) or KOOS scores alone (balanced accuracy = 63%, ROC-AUC = 0.593). The findings suggest that KAEs combined with patient-recorded metrics can be used to make a more objective and accessible metric for digitally monitoring knee joint health.

关键词：

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Digital Technology in Health Education Trend Mapping through Bibliometrics Analysis

Digital Technology in Health Education Trend Mapping through...

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International Conference on Informatics, Multimedia, Cyber and Information System (ICIMCIS)

作者： Fairuz Iqbal Maulana Dian Lestari Vandha Pradwiyasma Widartha Nirwana Haidar Wahyu Dirgantara Computer Science Department School of Computer Science Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University Surabaya Indonesia Information System of Industrial Engineering Faculty Telkom University Bandung Indonesia Informatics Engineering Study Program University of Madura Pamekasan Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering University of Merdeka Malang Malang Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665473286

This study examines the mapping of research data on digital technology in the field of health education using bibliometric analysis method. Data was collected by identifying keywords in the Scopus database and sorting them out to sort the studies from the last 10 years (2012–2021). Through this step, a total of 1482 documents were obtained (articles, journals, proceedings, books, and others). The data is then processed using the VOSViewer instrument to obtain a visualization of the mapping analysis. This study also analyzes the network types of authors and co-authors through the VOSViewer instrument. The result of this study indicates that the most document types published within ten years are Articles (66.5%), Review (22.9 % ), Conference Paper (4.2 % ), and others. The most studied subjects are Medicine (55.7%), Nursing (9.0%), Health Professions (8.2%), Social Sciences (7.8%), engineering (3.9%), computer Science (2.6 % ), Environmental Science (2.6 % ), Biochemistry-Genetics and Molecular Biology (2.2%), Psychology (1.6%), and Dentistry (1.3%). This study offers a written communication process and the nature and direction of developing descriptive means of counting and analyzing the various phases of communication as well as recognizing the authorship and direction of its symptoms in documents on the subject of digital technology in the health sector.

关键词： Training Pediatrics Instruments Education Bibliometrics Transportation Psychology

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Minimum-Time Trajectory Planning for Helicopter UAVs using Computational Dynamic Optimization

Minimum-Time Trajectory Planning for Helicopter UAVs using C...

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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics

作者： Nathan Xu Wei Kang Guowei Cai Ben M. Chen Summer Intern Program Department of Applied Mathematics Naval Postgraduate School Department of Applied Mathematics Naval Postgraduate School Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781467317139

In this paper, we apply pseudospectral optimal control, a computational algorithm of dynamic optimization, to the problem of helicopter UAV for minimum-time trajectory planning in the presence of obstacles. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear optimal control subject to the dynamics and limitations of helicopter UAVs, in which the obstacles are formulated as inequality constraints by using p-norms. The dynamical system is defined by a set of fifteen states nonlinear differential equations developed for HeLion, a helicopter UAV constructed in National University of Singapore (NUS). The problem does not have an analytic solution. We numerically solve the problem using a pseudospectral method. Various terrain scenarios were tested, from a single obstacle to multiple obstacles. We found bifurcation points of minimum-time trajectories near obstacles. The bifurcation points and their relationship with the distance to the obstacle are analyzed.

关键词： Minimum-time control Helicopter UAV Computational optimal control Obstacle avoidance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Helicopters trajectory planning barriers BIFURCATION nonlinear differential equations inequality constraint drone honey bees

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Wireless Hearing Aids System Simulation

Wireless Hearing Aids System Simulation

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Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & computers

作者： H.K. Garg Tang Bin Zhang Liang R.S. Rana Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 11 Science Park Road Institute of Microelectronics Singapore Graduate Program in Bioengineering National University of Singapore Singapore

Although wireless hearing aid systems have been proposed by several research groups, no viable whole-system simulation results have been reported so far for better evaluation of this advanced hearing device. In this paper, a system-level simulation using ADStrade is presented based on one of the typical wireless hearing aid architecture. The results show that the wireless hearing aid system function can be simulated and verified. And from these results, we can get a very promising performance which can be used for further design

关键词： Hearing aids Auditory system Circuit simulation Radio frequency Noise cancellation Mathematical model Costs RF signals Signal processing Computational modeling

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A Q-Learning Hybrid BRKGA Applied to the Knapsack Problem with Forfeits

A Q-Learning Hybrid BRKGA Applied to the Knapsack Problem wi...

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： Gabriel Souto Masayoshi Aritsugi Israel Mendonça Luidi Simonetti Pedro Henrique González System Engineering and Computer Science Program Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350308365

ISBN: (纸本)9798350308372

This paper presents a hybrid BRKGA (Q-HBRKGA) that combines BRKGA with Q-learning and a Local Branching technique to solve the Knapsack Problem with Forfeits(KPF). The aim is to tackle this problem, a vari-ant of the 0–1 Knapsack Problem, where a penalty cost is imposed when both items of a forfeit pair are included in the solution. Notably, Q-HBRKGA achieves superior results compared to existing approaches, establishing a valid strategy for KPF problem-solving. Computational experiments, utilizing benchmark instances, demonstrate the efficacy of Q-HBRKGA by outperforming state-of-the-art methods documented in the literature.

关键词： Q-learning Costs Evolutionary computation Benchmark testing Problem-solving

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