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Stabilization of hydroxyl-terminated silanes in porous silicon for in-situ DNA synthesis

Physica Status Solidi (C) Current Topics in Solid State Physics 2011年第6期8卷 1851-1855页

作者： Lawrie, Jenifer L. Weiss, Sharon M. Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN United States

Passivation of porous silicon sensors is a critical issue for achieving high sensitivity and selectivity toward biomolecule targets that may be detected in complex physiologic solution. Without appropriate passivation, degradation of the porous silicon matrix inhibits the repeatability of optical measurements and limits applications in complex media. In this work, we present a method for stabilizing TEOS-HBA monolayers in porous silicon. Annealing of the silane at 200°C for 16 hours, followed by a deionized water wash for a minimum of one hour, results in a porous silicon surface that is highly stable in a number of solvents. Annealing improves cross-linking of surface-attached silane molecules for added stability, and hydrolyzing facilitates removal of weakly bound multilayers. This surface treatment procedure is of considerable interest in applications such as DNA synthesis where hydroxyl functionality is critical and a thick silane surface coating is not desired. © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

关键词： Passivation

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Prediction of spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity using a higher-order Markov representation of instantaneous pairwise maximum entropy model

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BMC Neuroscience 2011年第1期12卷 1-2页

作者： Mehdi Aghagolzadeh Karim Oweiss Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48823 USA Neuroscience Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48823 USA

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BioN∅T: A searchable database of biomedical negated sentences

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BMC Bioinformatics 2011年第1期12卷 1-7页

作者： Agarwal, Shashank Yu, Hong Kohane, Issac Medical Informatics College of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 3200 N. Cramer St. Milwaukee WI 53201-0784 United States Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 3200 N. Cramer St. Milwaukee WI 53201-0784 United States Department of Health Sciences College of Health Science University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee 2400 E. Hartford Ave. Milwaukee WI 53211 United States Children's Hospital Informatics Program Children's Hospital 300 Longwood Ave. Enders-6 Boston MA 02115 United States

Background: Negated biomedical events are often ignored by text-mining applications;however, such events carry scientific significance. We report on the development of BioN∅T, a database of negated sentences that can be used to extract such negated ***: Currently BioN∅T incorporates ≈32 million negated sentences, extracted from over 336 million biomedical sentences from three resources: ≈2 million full-text biomedical articles in Elsevier and the PubMed Central, as well as ≈20 million abstracts in PubMed. We evaluated BioN∅T on three important genetic disorders: autism, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, and found that BioN∅T is able to capture negated events that may be ignored by ***: The BioN∅T database can be a useful resource for biomedical researchers. BioN∅T is freely available at http://***/. In future work, we will develop semantic web related technologies to enrich BioN∅T. © 2011 Agarwal et al;licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

关键词： Database systems

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Application of STATCOM to improve the high-voltage-ride-through capability of wind turbine generator

Application of STATCOM to improve the high-voltage-ride-thro...

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IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia)

作者： Y. M. Alharbi A. M. Shiddiq Yunus A. Abu-Siada King Abdullah scholarship program Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering Energy Conversion Study State Polytechnic of Ujungpandang Makassar Indonesia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Curtin University of Technology Perth WA Australia

Variable speed wind turbine with full scale converter or so-called type-D wind turbine generator worldwide installation has been significantly increased in the last few years. Voltage Swell in the grid side may cause the wind turbine to be disconnected from the grid. In this paper, STATCOM is applied to improve the high voltage ride through capability of type-D wind turbine during voltage swell in the grid side. Simulation is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software. Results show that STATCOM can significantly improve the high voltage ride through (HVRT) capability of type-D wind turbine and prevents it from being disconnected from the grid during certain level of voltage swell in the grid side.

关键词： Automatic voltage control Wind turbines Educational institutions Reactive power Control systems Power system stability Wind energy

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Redundant information encoding in primary motor cortex during motor tasks

Redundant information encoding in primary motor cortex durin...

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International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural engineering, CNE

作者： Kelvin So Karunesh Ganguly Michael Gastpar Jose M. Carmena Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley CA USA Neurology and Rehabilitation Services San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco CA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California Berkeley CA USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences the Program in Cognitive Science and the Helen WillsNeuroscience Institute University of California Berkeley CA USA

Information encoded in neuron ensembles has previously been hypothesized to be highly redundant, despite the apparent inefficiency of a redundant encoding system. The recent availability of intracortical, multi-electrode recordings has enabled the possibility of exploring how neuronal ensembles encode information as a whole. Applying concepts from information theory, we examined the redundancy of the target information encoded in both contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres of the primary motor cortex (M1) in macaque monkeys performing a center-out reaching task. During movement, we reliably found neurons in contralateral M1 to contain higher target information and to be more redundant than ipsilateral M1 neurons, which is consistent with the conventional understanding that motor control is mainly governed by contralateral M1. Secondly, neuron ensembles in both hemispheres showed largely redundant information encoding. These results suggest that redundancy in information encoding is highly prevalent in the motor cortex and may contribute to proficient motor control.

关键词： Neurons Redundancy Encoding Neuroscience Muscles Firing Mutual information

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Megapixel digital PCR

Megapixel digital PCR

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15th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences 2011, MicroTAS 2011

作者： Heyries, Kevin A. Tropini, Carolina VanInsberghe, Michael Doolin, Callum Petriv, Oleh I. Singhal, Anupam Leung, Kaston Hugesman, Curtis B. Hansen, Carl L. Centre for High-Throughput Biology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Michael Smith Laboratories University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Biophysics Program Stanford University Stanford CA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781618395955

We report a microfluidic 'megapixel' digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) device that uses a surface tension-based sample partitioning approach along with integrated dehydration control to enable high-fidelity single DNA molecule amplification in 1,000,000 reactors of picoliter volume, in arrays with densities up to 440,000 reactors cm-2. This device achieves a dynamic range of 107, single-nucleotide-variant detection below one copy per 100,000 wild-type sequences, and the discrimination of a 1% difference in chromosome copy number. Copyright © (2011) by the Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society.

关键词： Genome

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Autonomous passive light tracking utilizing single-wall carbon nanotube enhanced opto-thermo-mechanical elastomer actuators

Autonomous passive light tracking utilizing single-wall carb...

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International Conference on Solid State Sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： Ye Liu Chensha Li Chi-Wei Lo Hongrui Jiang Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA Materials Science Program University of Wisconsin Madison Madison WI USA

We have developed novel opto-thermo-mechanical actuators by effectively distributing a significant amount of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT, up to 0.7%w/w) into liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) matrices. These SWCNT/LCE actuators exhibit a great potential to be utilized in MEMS applications, as they respond to a wide spectrum of visible/near-infrared light, and possess a large reversible compressive strain (up to 35%) when stimulated. Autonomous and passive light tracking is demonstrated here as one of the applications. With a simple design, the actuators are able to adaptively tilt a solar cell towards the light source by a degree of ~15° (with an incident light intensity of 1.6 kW/m 2 ). As a result, the photocurrent output of the solar cell is significantly enhanced (up to 247.10%) without any other control system or external energy source.

关键词： Actuators Photovoltaic cells Photoconductivity Films Carbon nanotubes Light sources Micromechanical devices

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Extended general linear model based on-line brain activation mapping

Extended general linear model based on-line brain activation...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： Xiao-Su Hu Keum-Shik Hong Shuzhi Sam Ge Myung-Yung Jeong Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering (W.C.U. program) Pusan National University Busan South Korea School of Mechatronic Engineering Pusan National University Busan South Korea Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441273

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that recently has been used to measure changes in cerebral blood oxygenation associated with brain activity. Numbers of research groups have applied general linear model (GLM) based method to analyze the NIRS data. However, classical GLM based method cannot provide on-line analysis. Therefore, its usage is constrained in processing NIRS data where real-time feedback is required. In the present paper, we are proposing a framework for NIRS based on-line brain activation mapping. The framework employs an extended GLM with coefficients updated by an extended Kalman particle filter for on-line brain activation mapping. A set of data recorded in a finger tapping experiment was studied using the proposed framework. The results so obtained, suggested that the method can effectively locate brain activation areas on-line with the noisy NIRS signal, thereby demonstrating its potential for real-time NIRS-based brain imaging applications.

关键词： Real time systems Brain modeling Noise Imaging Time series analysis Hemodynamics

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Low-frequency 1/f noise in bismuth selenide Topological Insulators

Low-frequency 1/f noise in bismuth selenide Topological Insu...

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International Conference on Noise and Fluctuations (ICNF)

作者： M. Z. Hossain K. M. F. Shahil D. Teweldebrhan A. A. Balandin S. L. Rumyantsev M. Shur Nano-Device Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside CA USA Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering and Center for Integrated Electronics Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute New York USA Ioffe Institute The Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia

ISBN: (纸本)9781457701894

Topological insulators is a newly discovered class of materials with the Dirac cone type dispersion at the surface and conventional band in the volume of the material. We present results of the study of the low-frequency excess noise in thin films made of Bi 2 Se 3 topological insulator material. The films were prepared through mechanically cleavage from the bulk crystal via the “graphene-like” exfoliation procedure. We verified the quality and crystallinity of Bi 2 Se 3 samples with the micro-Raman spectroscopy. Our fabricated devices have linear current voltage characteristics in the low bias region with the current fluctuation noise spectral density SI proportional to 1/f for frequency f less than 10 kHz. The noise spectral density SI showed the square law dependence on the source-drain current and changed from about ~10 -22 to 10 -18 A 2 /Hz as current changes form ~10 -7 to 10 -5 A. Our results can be used for understanding electron transport and trap dynamics, and for reducing low-frequency noise in topological insulator devices.

关键词： Noise Insulators Films Crystals Temperature measurement Resistance

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Structure and magnetic properties characterization of electrodeposited Co37Fe63 alloys containing oxygen for magnetic recording applications

Structure and magnetic properties characterization of electr...

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作者： Elhalawaty, S. Carpenter, R.W. George, J. Brankovic, S.R. Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University 85287-6106 United States LeRoy Eyring Center for Solid State Science Arizona State University AZ 85287-9506 United States Center for Nanomagnetic Systems University of Houston TX 77204-4005 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Houston TX 77204-4005 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781118029473

Soft and high magnetic moment Co37Fe63 films were electro-deposited with variable additives on Cu/Ti/Si substrates. The correlation between structure and magnetic properties has been investigated. TEM showed the crystal structure of the films to be BCC with a 〈111〉 texture, and a grain size in the range of 10-20 nm. Oxygen in the deposited films has been identified by EDS and EELS using HAADF STEM. SIMS analysis revealed the presence of hydrogen and oxygen in the deposited CoFe films. Electron microscopy results showed that the oxygen was mainly distributed along the grain boundaries in the CoFe film. In regions where oxygen was present in the films, the Fe content was enhanced relative to Co. The magnetic properties of the deposits have been measured by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), quantifying the impact of incorporated oxygen in the film on the saturation magnetization and the coercivity.

关键词： Magnetic properties

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