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Sensor placement for activity recognition: Comparing video data with motion sensor data

International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 2011年第3期5卷 279-286页

作者： Yanik, Paul M. Merino, Jessica Manganelli, Joe Smolentzov, Linnea Walker, Ian D. Brooks, Johnell O. Green, Keith E. Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Western Carolina University Cullowhee NC United States Intelligent Systems Clemson University Clemson SC United States Auburn University United States Human Factors Program Clemson University Clemson SC United States Department of Psychology Clemson University Clemson SC United States Architecture and Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Intelligent Materials Systems and Environments Clemson University United States

The development of ubiquitous sensing strategies in home environments underpins the promise of adaptive architectural design, assistive robotics, and services which would support a person's ability to live independently as they age. In particular, the ability to infer the actions and behavioral patterns of an individual from sensor data is key to effective design of such components for aging in place. Frequently, activity recognition is accomplished using vision based sensors. The method employed in this paper makes use of self similarities in a video motion sequence to construct a descriptor of the activity in the form of a Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). Descriptors are used as exemplars for classification and are shown to accurately identify motion video recorded from other views. Three candidate motions were performed using a PUMA robot (for repeatability). Video of each motion was recorded from an array of vantage points on the surface of a virtual sphere surrounding the workspace of the robot. This method is then extended to non-video motion sensor data collected from the same set of points. Results show that mean HOGs generated from Self Similarity Matrices may serve as effective exemplars to classify motions in both video and non-video formats. Video data provides superior classification results. However, motion sensor data offers a less intrusive option with promising accuracy especially when multiple sensors outputs are fused to form aggregate readings.

关键词： Video recording

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Metamorphic solar cells employing chemical mechanical polishing and MOVPE regrowth

Metamorphic solar cells employing chemical mechanical polish...

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2011 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference

作者： L. J. Mawst P. Dudley J. Kirch T. Kim S. Ruder T. F. Kuech R. Tatavarti Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA Materials Science Program University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA Microlink Devices Inc. Niles IL USA

We have investigated the MOVPE growth of In x Ga 1-x As metamorphic buffer layer (MBL) structures with a focus on techniques to improve the surface morphology and determine the influence of morphology on subsequently grown single-junction device structures. To improve the surface roughness of the underlying MBL, Chemical-Mechanical Polishing (CMP) is employed and MOVPE regrowth of single-junction (SJ) solar cells on top of the polished surface is performed. AFM image analysis indicates the CMP process is effective in reducing the step-graded In x Ga 1-x As MBL surface roughness from ~7-10 nm (as-grown) to 2.3 nm post CMP. A post-CMP ozone/HF treatment was found to be effective in removing silica residue remaining on the surface from the CMP process, allowing for the growth of films on top of the MBL surface subjected to CMP. Improved short circuit current density (J sc ) and external quantum efficiency (QE) were obtained from SJ (1eV) devices which employ the CMP process compared with those on as-grown MBLs.

关键词： Surface roughness Rough surfaces Surface treatment Surface morphology Indium gallium arsenide Epitaxial layers Epitaxial growth

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Reducing time delays on congested road networks using social navigation

Reducing time delays on congested road networks using social...

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IEEE Forum on Integrated and Sustainable Transportation System (FISTS)

作者： Alje van den Bosch Bart van Arem Mohamed Mahmod James Misener Department of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer Science University of Twente Netherlands Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways (PATH) program University of California Berkeley USA Department of Transport and Planning at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technnology Netherlands Centre of Transport Studies Faculty of Engineering University of Twente Enschede Netherlands

Social navigation provides drivers with an advice that aims to shift traffic flows in a network from a user equilibrium to a system optimum. The advice is based on minimizing a combination of the individual travel time and the marginal total travel time in the network. The level of altruism defines the extent to which a driver is willing to sacrifice his own travel time in favor of other drivers. Fuel consumption and CO2 emission are taking into account by converting them into time equivalent. Experimental results for a small network loosely representing the Bay area show that social navigation can reduce time delays by 10%. The reduction is positively correlated with network load, market penetration and level of altruism.

关键词： Navigation Driver circuits Vehicles Fuels Vehicle dynamics Roads Approximation methods

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Publisher’s Note: “Guided-mode-resonance-coupled plasmonic-active SiO2 nanotubes for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 191114 (2012)]

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Applied Physics Letters 2012年第5期101卷

作者： Xiaobin Xu Dihan Hasan Lei Wang Swapnajit Chakravarty Ray T. Chen D. L. Fan Alan X. Wang 1Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas Materials Institute University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA 2School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331 USA 3Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology 430074 Wuhan China 4Microelectronic Research Center University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78758 USA 5Omega Optics Inc. Austin Texas 78759 USA 6Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA

This article was originally published online on 10 May 2012 with an incorrect affiliation for co-author D. L. Fan and an incorrect footnote designation for co-a

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A Parallel Ray Tracing Architecture Suitable for Application-Specific Hardware and GPGPU Implementations

A Parallel Ray Tracing Architecture Suitable for Application...

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Euromicro Symposium on Digital System Design

作者： Alexandre S. Nery Nadia Nedjah Felipa M.G. Franca Lech Jozwiak LAM-Computer Architecture and Microelectronics Laboratory Systems Engineering and Computer Science Program COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Electrical Engineering-Electronic Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ BR

The Ray Tracing rendering algorithm can produce high-fidelity images of 3-D scenes, including shadow effects, as well as reflections and transparencies. This is currently done at a processing speed of at most 30 frames per second. Therefore, actual implementations of the algorithm are not yet suitable for interactive real-time rendering, which is required in games and virtual reality based applications. Fortunately, the algorithm allows for massive parallelization of its computations. In this paper, we present a parallel architecture for ray tracing based on a uniform spatial subdivision of the scene and exploiting an embedded computation of ray-triangle intersections. This approach allows for a significant acceleration of intersection computations, as well as, a reduction of the total number of the required intersections checks. Furthermore, it allows for these checks to be performed in parallel and in advance for each ray. In this paper we discuss and analyze an ASIP-based implementation using FPGAs and a GPGPU-based parallel implementation of the proposed architecture. The performance of both implementations are reported and compared.

关键词： Ray tracing Graphics processing unit Instruction sets computer architecture Registers Image color analysis Hardware

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Supervised Learning Framework For Screening Nuclei in Tissue Sections

Supervised Learning Framework For Screening Nuclei in Tissue...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

作者： Kaustav Nandy Prabhakar R. Gudla Ryan Amundsen Karen J. Meaburn Tom Misteli Stephen J. Lockett Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory Advanced Technology program SAIC-Frederick Inc. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of Michigan Cell Biology of Gene Expression National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441211

Accurate segmentation of cell nuclei in microscope images of tissue sections is a key step in a number of biological and clinical applications. Often such applications require analysis of large image datasets for which manual segmentation becomes subjective and time consuming. Hence automation of the segmentation steps using fast, robust and accurate image analysis and pattern classification techniques is necessary for high throughput processing of such datasets. We describe a supervised learning framework, based on artificial neural networks (ANNs), to identify well-segmented nuclei in tissue sections from a multistage watershed segmentation algorithm. The successful automation was demonstrated by screening over 1400 well segmented nuclei from 9 datasets of human breast tissue section images and comparing the results to a previously used stacked classifier based analysis framework.

关键词： tissue section Cell nucleus Semi-supervised Learning Nucleus Dataset image analysis MULTISTAGE Artificial neural networks Frameworks nuclei (nuclear physics) segmentation Segmentation Automation pattern classification method

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Handling Failures of Static Sensor Nodes in Wireless Sensor Network by Use of Mobile Sensors

Handling Failures of Static Sensor Nodes in Wireless Sensor ...

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International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (AINAW)

作者： Edison Pignaton de Freitas Tales Heimfarth Ivayr Farah Netto Carlos Eduardo Pereira Armando Morado Ferreira Flavio Rech Wagner Tony Larsson IDE Halmstad University Halmstad Sweden Institute of Informatics Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Computer Science Department Federal University of Lavras Lavras Brazil Electrical Engineering Department Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil Defense Engineering Graduate Program Military Institute of Engineering Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Node failures in Wireless Sensor Networks composed by static sensor nodes are common due to the nature of the sensor devices and the usually harsh environments in which they are deployed. Node failures can diminish the performance of the network as a whole, thus affecting its functionality in delivering the desired services. For instance, significant regions can become uncovered due to failure of several nearby nodes. This paper reports a study about the use of mobile sensor nodes acting in cooperation with static ones in order to fill gaps created by faulty static nodes. The proposed fault handling mechanism presents alternative policies with pros and cons, depending on the user priorities imposed to the system and the occurrence of failures. A discussion about this topic is presented based on results obtained by simulation of the proposed mechanisms.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Mobile communication Surveillance Redundancy Sensors Proposals

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Observation of exclusively He-induced H emission in cooled laser plasma

Observation of exclusively He-induced H emission in cooled l...

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作者： Lie, Z.S. Niki, H. Kagawa, K. Tjia, May On Hedwig, R. Pardede, M. Jobiliong, E. Suliyanti, M.M. Abdulmadjid, S.N. Kurniawan, K.H. Program of Nuclear Power and Energy Safety Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Fukui University Fukui 910-8507 Japan Department of Physics Faculty of Education and Regional Studies Fukui University 9-1 bunkyo 3-chome Fukui 910-8507 Japan Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Research Group Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Bandung Institute of Technology 10 Ganesha Bandung 40132 Indonesia Department of Computer Engineering Bina Nusantara University 9 K.H. Syahdan Jakarta 14810 Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering University of Pelita Harapan 1100 M.H. Thamrin Boulevard Lippo Vilage Tangerang 15811 Indonesia Industrial Engineering Department University of Pelita Harapan 1100 M.H. Thamrin Boulevard Lippo Vilage Tangerang 15811 Indonesia Research Center for Physics Indonesian Institute of Sciences Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong Tangerang Selatan 15314 Banten Indonesia Research Center of Maju Makmur Mandiri Foundation 40/80 Srengseng Raya Jakarta 11630 Indonesia

An experiment was performed for the observation of H emission induced in a cooled laser-induced atmospheric pressure gas plasma of He atoms in their metastable excited state. The strong H emission detected clearly established, to the exclusion of other well known major excitation processes, the exclusive contribution of the He-induced excitation (HIE) mechanism. The process is suggested to take place by means of energy transfer from the excited He atoms to the H atoms via Penning collision induced ionization involving electron exchange. The result further shows that this mechanism may also work for elements other than H and thereby strongly suggests the use of ambient He gas to broaden and complement the applications of standard laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.

关键词： Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Optimization of defect hole placement in resonant cavities

Optimization of defect hole placement in resonant cavities

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Christopher Kang Sharon M. Weiss Yurii A. Vlasov Solomon Assefa Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University USA IBM T.J Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY USA

We demonstrate the resonance wavelength and quality factor dependence of 50nm defect-hole placement within photonic crystal L3 microcavities. Proper placement of defect-holes leads to a 12% increase in photonic crysta... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557529107

关键词： Cavity resonators Lattices Photonic crystals Optical waveguides Sensitivity Slabs Q factor

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SQUARAINE DONORS FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY SMALL MOLECULE SOLAR CELLS

SQUARAINE DONORS FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY SMALL MOLECULE SOLAR CE...

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IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference

作者： Guodan Wei Siyi Wang Xin Xiao C. Kyle Renshaw Lincoln Hall Vyacheslav V. Diev Mark E. Thompson Stephen R. Forrest Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Applied Physics Program University of Michigan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424499663

It has been a challenge to achieve high efficiency organic photovoltaics (OPV) that absorb long wavelength solar radiation without incurring unacceptable reductions in open circuit voltage (V_(oc)) or charge separation efficiency. Based on the parent structure of the 2, 4-bis[4-(N, N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (SQ), we have increased V_(oc) using a family of highly near-infrared absorbing SQs, achieving values as high as 0.94 V. These SQ donors are: 2, 4-bis[4-(N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (1-NPSQ),2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)-2,6 dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (DPSQ), 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diphenylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] asymmetric squaraine (DPASQ). The spin-cast SQ, 1-NPSQ, DPSQ and DPASQ donors are then coated with the acceptor C_(60) to form bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells that take advantage of their exceptionally high absorption coefficient and nanocrystalline morphology to overcome the short diffusion length characteristic of these materials. Combined with a high short-circuit current density (J_(sc)=10.6 mA/cm~2) and high fill factor (FF=0.64), the optimized 1-NPSQ/C_(60) photovoltaic cells with 1-NPSQ annealed at elevated temperature have a power conversion efficiency of η_p as high as 6.0% (correcting for solar mismatch) at 1 sun (AM 1.5G) simulated solar illumination, which to our knowledge is the highest efficiency reported to date for small molecule OPVs.

关键词： Photovoltaic cells Absorption Annealing Educational institutions Sun USA Councils Heterojunctions

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