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IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems (BIOCAS)

作者： Fei Zhang Mehdi Aghagolzadeh Karim Oweiss Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA Neuroscience Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA

In this work, a fully implantable and scalable neuroprocessor has been designed to process neural recordings in awake behaving animals. The neuroprocessor operates at 6.4 MHz to process neural signals from 32 microelectrode channels sampled at 25 KHz and transmits only the critical neural information over a 1 Mbps wireless channel in order to meet the stringent hardware and communication constraints imposed on an implantable device. The neuroprocessor can be program.ed to compress neural data using a sparse representation of neural signals via lifting discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and/or perform on-the-fly spike sorting on the compressed data stream if followed by a “smart” thresholding mechanism. This unique feature reduces the overall system latency and permit instantaneous decoding of neural signals to take place in real-time. The neuroprocessor therefore uses the limited telemetry bandwidth more efficiently while preserving important information in the neural data, and hence improves the practicality and viability of implantable microelectrode arrays to accelerate their deployment in clinical applications of brain-machine interfaces.

关键词： Discrete wavelet transforms Sorting Wireless communication Telemetry Feature extraction Neurons Indexes

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Technologies for continuous glucose monitoring: Current problems and future promises

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Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2010年第6期4卷 1540-1562页

作者： Vaddiraju, Santhisagar Burgess, Diane J. Tomazos, Ioannis Jain, Faquir C. Papadimitrakopoulos, Fotios Nanomaterials Optoelectronics Laboratory Institute of Materials Science University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States Biorasis Inc. Technology Incubation Program University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT United States

Devices for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are currently a major focus of research in the area of diabetes management. It is envisioned that such devices will have the ability to alert a diabetes patient (or the parent or medical care giver of a diabetes patient) of impending hypoglycemic/ hyperglycemic events and thereby enable the patient to avoid extreme hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic excursions as well as minimize deviations outside the normal glucose range, thus preventing both life-threatening events and the debilitating complications associated with diabetes. It is anticipated that CGM devices will utilize constant feedback of analytical information from a glucose sensor to activate an insulin delivery pump, thereby ultimately realizing the concept of an artificial pancreas. Depending on whether the CGM device penetrates/breaks the skin and/or the sample is measured extracorporeally, these devices can be categorized as totally invasive, minimally invasive, and noninvasive. In addition, CGM devices are further classified according to the transduction mechanisms used for glucose sensing (i.e., electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric). However, at present, most of these technologies are plagued by a variety of issues that affect their accuracy and long-term performance. This article presents a critical comparison of existing CGM technologies, highlighting critical issues of device accuracy, foreign body response, calibration, and miniaturization. An outlook on future developments with an emphasis on long-term reliability and performance is also presented. © Diabetes Technology Society.

关键词： Accuracy Calibration Continuous glucose monitoring Glucose detection Glucose sensors Invasiveness

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Identification of a deep acceptor level in ZnO due to silver doping

Identification of a deep acceptor level in ZnO due to silver...

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作者： Chai, J. Mendelsberg, R.J. Reeves, R.J. Kennedy, J. Von Wenckstern, H. Schmidt, M. Grundmann, M. Doyle, K. Myers, T.H. Durbin, S.M. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand GNS Science Lower Hutt New Zealand Institut für Experimentelle Physik II Universität Leipzig Leipzig Germany Department of Physics West Virginia University Morgantown WV United States Materials Science and Engineering Program Texas State University San Marcos TX United States MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology New Zealand

There remains considerable interest in the behavior of acceptors in ZnO, the ultimate goal being the realization of device grade p-type material. Silver is a candidate acceptor, and, in this study, in situ doping of silver was performed during plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Silver concentrations, as determined by ion beam analysis, ranged between 1018 cm -3and 1020 cm-3, with as much as 94% incorporated substitutionally on Zn lattice sites. Variable magnetic field Hall effect measurements detected no evidence of holes, and 4 K photoluminescence was dominated by donor bound excitons. Transient capacitance measurements, however, suggested that incorporated silver had led to the formation of an acceptor, located approximately 320 meV above the valence band edge, indicating that compensation remains a significant issue in determining the conductivity of ZnO. © 2009 TMS.

关键词： Zinc oxide

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Exact outage analysis of incremental decode-and-forward opportunistic relaying

Exact outage analysis of incremental decode-and-forward oppo...

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International Conference on Communication Systems

作者： Kamel Tourki Hong-Chuan Yang Mohamed-Slim Alouini ECEN Program Texas A and M University Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Victoria Victoria BC Canada KAUST Makkah Saudi Arabia

In this paper, we investigate a dual-hop decode-and-forward opportunistic relaying scheme where the selected relay chooses to cooperate only if the source-destination channel is of an unacceptable quality. In our study, we derive exact closed-form expression for the outage probability based on the exact statistics of each hop. Furthermore, we perform asymptotic analysis and we deduce the diversity order of the scheme. We validate our analysis by showing that performance simulation results coincide with our analytical results over different network architectures.

关键词： Relays Signal to noise ratio Protocols Probability Fading Probability density function Diversity methods

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Mammalian cell sorting using ∞FACS

Mammalian cell sorting using ∞FACS

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Sung Hwan Cho Chun Hao Chen Frank S. Tsai Jessica Godin Yu-Hwa Lo Materials Science & Engineering Program Jacobs School of Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Department of Bioengineering Jacobs School of Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA

K562 mammalian cells are sorted using a highly integrated microfabricated fluorescence-activated cell sorter (∝FACS). The sample cells are purified with an enrichment factor of 230 at a high throughput (>1,000 cel... 详细信息

关键词： Sorting Biomedical optical imaging Cells (biology) Optical signal processing Microfluidics Actuators Control systems Jacobian matrices Fluorescence Throughput

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Ab initio investigation of barium-scandium-oxygen coatings on tungsten for electron emitting cathodes

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Physical Review B 2010年第5期81卷 054207-054207页

作者： Vasilios Vlahos John H. Booske Dane Morgan Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program University of Wisconsin–Madison 1509 University Avenue Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin–Madison 1415 Engineering Drive Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin–Madison 1509 University Avenue Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA

Microwave, x-ray, and radio-frequency radiation sources require a cathode emitting electrons into vacuum. Thermionic B-type dispenser cathodes consist of BaxOz coatings on tungsten (W), where the surface coatings lower the W work function and enhance electron emission. The new and promising class of scandate cathodes modifies the B-type surface through inclusion of Sc, and their superior emissive properties are also believed to stem from the formation of a low work function surface alloy. In order to better understand these cathode systems, density-functional theory (DFT)-based ab initio modeling is used to explore the stability and work function of BaxScyOz on W(001) monolayer-type surface structures. It is demonstrated how surface depolarization effects can be calculated easily using ab initio calculations and fitted to an analytic depolarization equation. This approach enables the rapid extraction of the complete depolarization curve (work function versus coverage relation) from relatively few DFT calculations, useful for understanding and characterizing the emitting properties of novel cathode materials. It is generally believed that the B-type cathode has some concentration of Ba-O dimers on the W surface, although their structure is not known. Calculations suggest that tilted Ba-O dimers are the stable dimer surface configuration and can explain the observed work function reduction corresponding to various dimer coverages. Tilted Ba-O dimers represent a new surface coating structure not previously proposed for the activated B-type cathode. The thermodynamically stable phase of Ba and O on the W surface was identified to be the Ba0.25O configuration, possessing a significantly lower Φ value than any of the Ba-O dimer configurations investigated. The identification of a more stable Ba0.25O phase implies that if Ba-O dimers cover the surface of emitting B-type cathodes, then a nonequilibrium steady state must dominate the emitting surface. The identification of a

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Photonic crystal defects with increased surface area for improved refractive index sensing

Photonic crystal defects with increased surface area for imp...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

作者： Kang, Christopher Phare, Christopher Weiss, Sharon M. Vlasov, Yurii A. Assefa, Solomon Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University 37235 United States IBM. T.J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY 10536 United States

Photonic crystal cavities with tunable surface area via multiple-hole defects were investigated for increased resonance wavelength shins upon exposure to variable-index analytes. Sensitivity was improved by 10% compar... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528902

关键词： Surface defects

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Photonic crystal defects with increased surface area for improved refractive index sensing

Photonic crystal defects with increased surface area for imp...

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2010

作者： Kang, Christopher Christopher Phare Weiss, Sharon M. Vlasov, Yurii A. Assefa, Solomon Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Tennessee 37235 United States IBM T.J. Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights NY 10536 United States

Photonic crystal cavities with tunable surface area via multiple-hole defects were investigated for increased resonance wavelength shifts upon exposure to variable-index analytes. Sensitivity was improved by 10% compa... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528896

关键词： Refractive index

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Incipient fault detection in induction machine stator-winding using a fuzzy-Bayesian two change points detection approach

Incipient fault detection in induction machine stator-windin...

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2010 9th IEEE/IAS International Conference on Industry Applications, INDUSCON 2010

作者： Moreira, Fabiano S. D'Angelo, Marcos F. S. V. Palhares, Reinaldo M. Caminhas, Walmir M. Federal University of Minas Gerais Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 31270-901 - Belo Horizonte - MG Brazil Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros Department of Computer Science Av. Rui Braga s/n Vila Mauricéia 39401-089 - Montes Claros - MG Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781424480104

In this paper the incipient fault detection problem in induction machine stator-winding is considered. The problem is solved using a new technique of change point detection in time series, based on a three-step formulation. The technique can detect up to two change points in the time series. The first step consists of a Kohonen neural network classification algorithm that defines the model to be used, one change point or two change points. The second step consists of a fuzzy clustering to transform the initial data, with arbitrary distribution, into a new one that can be approximated by a beta distribution. The fuzzy cluster centers are determined by using the Kohonen neural network classification algorithm used in the first step. The last step consists in using the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm for performing the change point detection in the transformed time series generated by the second step with that known distribution. The incipient faults are detected as long as they characterize change points in such transformed time series. The main contribution of the proposed approach in this paper, related to previous one in the Literature, is to detect up to two change points in the time series considered, besides the enhanced resilience of the new fault detection procedure against false alarms, combined with a good sensitivity that allows the detection of rather small fault signals. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the proposed methodology. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Time series

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Application of block-oriented system identification to modelling paralysed muscle under electrical stimulation

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Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences 2010年 404卷 403-419页

作者： Cai, Zhijun Bai, Er-Wei Shield, Richard K. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 United States Graduate Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781849965125

Most biomedical and biological systems have nonlinear dynamics [25, 27], which bring difficulties in modelling and identification. These systems are usually represented as a series of blocks, and each block stands for a linear or nonlinear subsystem. Among those block-oriented models, Wiener model, Hammerstein model and Wiener-Hammerstein model are very popular. The Wiener model is represented as a linear dynamics followed by a nonlinear static system, while the Hammerstein model is composed in the reversed order, and the Wiener-Hammerstein model is constructed as a nonlinear static system surrounded by two linear dynamics (see Figure 24.1). All those three type of models have been extensively researched, and many identification methods have been proposed (e.g. [2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 23, 31, 39, 40]). In this chapter, we use Wiener-Hammerstein system to model the paralysed muscle under electrical stimulation, and propose an effective identification method specifically for the proposed model. © 2010 Springer London.

关键词： Biological systems

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