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Towards Efficient and Deposit-Free Blockchain-Based Spatial Crowdsourcing

ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 2024年第3期20卷 1-22页

作者： Li, Mingzhe Wang, Wei Zhang, Jin Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Hong Kong Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore Singapore Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China Shenzhen Key Lab. of Safety and Secty. for Next Generation of Indust. Internet Shenzhen Guangdong Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems Southern University of Science and Technology China

Spatial crowdsourcing leverages the widespread use of mobile devices to outsource tasks to a crowd of users based on their geographical location. Despite its growing popularity, current crowdsourcing systems often suffer from a lack of transparency, centralization, and other security issues. Blockchain technology has revolutionized this sector with its potential for decentralization, security, and transparency. However, existing blockchain-based crowdsourcing systems often overlook efficient task assignment mechanisms and expose users to potential losses due to the obligatory deposit payments to smart contracts, which might be vulnerable or *** article proposes EDF-Crowd, an Efficient and Deposit-Free blockchain-based spatial crowdsoucing framework, to address these challenges. EDF-Crowd introduces an efficient, customizable task assignment mechanism based on smart contracts, operating periodically and batch-wise. We also design a fair compensation mechanism to compensate users for the extra overhead caused by invoking certain smart contracts. More importantly, we propose a series of linkage protocols. By linking users' back-and-forth actions, EDF-Crowd can regulate user behavior without requiring users to deposit. The versatility of EDF-Crowd also allows its application to generic crowdsourcing systems with minimal modifications. We implement EDF-Crowd based on the EOS blockchain. Extensive evaluations show that EDF-Crowd achieves high task assignment efficiency and low cost. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Smart contract

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Thermometer: towards universal calibration for large language models 24

Thermometer: towards universal calibration for large languag...

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Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning

作者： Maohao Shen Subhro Das Kristjan Greenewald Prasanna Sattigeri Gregory Wornell Soumya Ghosh Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab IBM Research

We consider the issue of calibration in large language models (LLM). Recent studies have found that common interventions such as instruction tuning often result in poorly calibrated LLMs. Although calibration is well-explored in traditional applications, calibrating LLMs is uniquely challenging. These challenges stem as much from the severe computational requirements of LLMs as from their versatility, which allows them to be applied to diverse tasks. Addressing these challenges, we propose THERMOMETER, a calibration approach tailored to LLMs. THERMOMETER learns an auxiliary model, given data from multiple tasks, for calibrating a LLM. It is computationally efficient, preserves the accuracy of the LLM, and produces better-calibrated responses for new tasks. Extensive empirical evaluations across various benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Shipboard Microgrid Frequency Control Using Error Performance Criteria

Shipboard Microgrid Frequency Control Using Error Performanc...

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International Conference on Power Electronic Drives

作者： A. V. Waghmare V. P. Singh Akhilesh Mathur Krishna Murari Mrityunjay Kumar Mishra Ameena Saad Al–Sumaiti Electrical Engineering M. National Institute of Technology Jaipur RJ India Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Toledo Ohio USA Smart OR Lab APEC EECS Department Khalifa University Abu Dhabi UAE

ISBN: (数字)9798350372472

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372489

The rapid advancement of renewable energy technologies and strict regulations imposed by the marine pollution protocol have significantly increased interest in integrating renewable energy sources into marine vessel power systems. But this gives rise to deviating frequency due to irregularities in generation from renewable energy sources. This study primarily focuses on the frequency regulation of shipboard microgrids implementing PID controller. The study employs error performance criteria, namely integral square error (ISE) and integral square time error (ISTE), for fine-tuning the PID controller parameters. The frequency analysis of shipboard microgrids with controllers based on ISE and ISTE methods, are presented and discussed in the research. To improve comprehension of the results, a comparative study is carried out, presenting time domain specifications for shipboard microgrids with and without controllers.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Protocols PI control Microgrids Regulation Power electronics Power systems PD control Time-domain analysis Frequency control

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Generative Adversarial Networks for Synthetic Jamming Attacks on UAVs

Generative Adversarial Networks for Synthetic Jamming Attack...

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International Conference on computer Science and engineering (UBMK)

作者： Burcu Sönmez Sarikaya Şerif Bahtiyar Department of Computer Engineering Cyber Security and Privacy Research Lab. SPFLab Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Türkiye

ISBN: (数字)9798350365887

ISBN: (纸本)9798350365894

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have been significant for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) since high connectivity is essential for such vehicles. Recently, machine learning-based defense mechanisms have contributed to detecting intrusions. Data are crucial to better results with machine learning algorithms. However, security data is not freely distributed so there is a lack of security-related data about UAVs that can be processed with machine learning. In this research, we create synthetic security data for UAVs using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) that can be utilized to develop machine learning-based IDS systems. We propose employing Conditional Tabular Generative Adversarial Networks (CTGANs), Gaussian copulas, and Variational AutoEncoders (VAEs) to generate syn-thetic jamming attacks from the widely-used UAV attack dataset. We experimentally evaluated the performance of each model by using many metrics, such as Kullback-Leibler decomposition. Experimental results show that the distribution of CTGAN synthetic data is similar to the distribution of real data. Finally, we created a machine learning-based IDS and applied it to each dataset to validate the success rate of intrusion detection with newly generated synthetic data. It was observed that CTGAN-generated data decreased the IDS accuracy by approximately 25%, while Gaussian copula-generated data resulted in a 20% decrease, and VAE-generated data led to a 1% reduction, all relative to the accuracy achieved with real data. These findings suggest that synthetic data generation holds significant potential for enhancing the security frameworks of UAVs. The experimental results demonstrate that the CTGAN model is particularly effective in producing synthetic data that challenges traditional intrusion detection mechanisms, thereby contributing to the development of more robust IDS capabilities.

关键词： Machine learning algorithms Intrusion detection Distributed databases Machine learning Autonomous aerial vehicles Generative adversarial networks Vectors Security Jamming Synthetic data

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ITAE Index Based Control Design Strategy to Mitigate Frequency Deviation of Renewable Integrated Islanded-Microgrid

ITAE Index Based Control Design Strategy to Mitigate Frequen...

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International Conference on Power Electronic Drives

作者： T. K. Bashishtha V. P. Singh Akhilesh Mathur Krishna Murari Mrityunjay Kumar Mishra Ameena Saad Al-Sumaiti Electrical En-gineering M. National Institute of Technology Jaipur India Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department The University of Toledo Ohio USA EECS Department Smart OR Lab APEC Khalifa University Abu Dhabi UAE

ISBN: (数字)9798350372472

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372489

This work addresses the frequency stability issue of microgrids and eliminates frequency errors by incorporating a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. PID controller mitigates frequency error by deriving controller gains with the help of integral time absolute error (ITAE) index as a key design criterion. To validate controller efficacy, various analyses are conducted. The results indicate that ITAE assisted-PID controller achieves good settling time, rise time, and requires minimum controller magnitude. The ITAE-PID controller provides a better frequency response of considered microgrid model.

关键词： Time-frequency analysis Transient response Control design Stability criteria Microgrids Frequency response Indexes PD control Frequency control Tuning

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PAKE - PoS Tagger Augmented Keyword Extraction

PAKE - PoS Tagger Augmented Keyword Extraction

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Computing, Applications and Systems, COMPAS 2024

作者： Kohinoor, Md Saidur Rahman Miah, Ayesha Loylus Ali, Shah Fayez Hossain, Md Sabir Bijoy, Md. Hasan Imam Sakib, Shadman King Fahd U. of Petroleum and Minerals Information and Computer Science Dhahran31261 Saudi Arabia InteX Research Lab Ai and Nlp Discipline Sylhet3100 Bangladesh Daffodil International University Computer Science and Engineering Dhaka1216 Bangladesh University of Maryland Baltimore County Department of Information Systems MD21250 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529765

The state-of-the-art techniques for automatic keyword extraction majorly deal with the collection of long documents. However, for several reasons, these do not provide satisfactory results for shorter lengths of documents. Moreover, with the ever-increasing amounts of information available, a keyword extraction system that automatically deals with varying lengths of text can lessen the workload and make the entire process of manually assigning the keywords less time-consuming. For this, the widely used Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are examined in the context of extensive data. Therefore, this research introduces PAKE - PoStagger Augmented Keyword Extraction system as a practical amalgamation of statistical and textual-based features based on an unsupervised key phrase extracting algorithm to stand out as a suitable alternative to the existing solutions. The effectiveness is demonstrated by comparing it with six state-of-the-art unsupervised methods, and the results are illustrated using four datasets. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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A Review of Battery Management System and Modern State Estimation Approaches in Lithiumion Batteries for Electric Vehicle 5

A Review of Battery Management System and Modern State Estim...

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5th International Conference on Energy Conservation and Efficiency, ICECE 2022

作者： Bashir, Hamza Yaqoob, Ammar Jawaid, Iqra Khalid, Waqas Javed, M. Yaqoob Sultan, Wajahat Kics University of Engineering and Technology Alternate Energy Research and Innovation Lab Lahore Pakistan Drexel University Philadelphia United States Comsats Islambad Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lahore Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9781728186801

Electric Vehicle (EV) technology has groomed the automotive industry and is becoming a more reliable source of mass transit. These battery-based vehicles are performing extraordinarily in developing pollution-free environment and better ecological surroundings. Battery Management System (BMS) is the backbone of the EVs that can undoubtedly increase the performance, operation, safety and lifetime of a vehicle's battery or storage system. Li-ion batteries are performing outclass to provide a more sophisticated storage system for EVs. They have better characteristics than lead-Acid or other types of batteries, hence being highly utilized in EV applications. This paper presents the comprehensive review of the BMS for the EV's. It gives a detailed overview of the Battery Management System (BMS) for the EVs and detailed study of important aspects which comes under consideration during management of batteries. It further provides key factors and extrinsic issues e.g., battery modeling, state estimations and validation profiles etc. which are troubling in the proper and safe operation of the batteries in EV's, and the algorithms and schemes designed and proposed for their betterment are presented. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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GaN Nanopowder synthesis via nitridation: Fabrication and characterization of GaN thin Films for UV detection applications

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Sensors International 2025年 6卷

作者： Hajimazdarani, Mahdi Yaghoubizadeh, Peyman Jafari, Ali Moghadam, Ali Kenarsari Hajimazdarani, Mojtaba Eshraghi, Mohammad Javad Nano-Electronics and Thin Film Lab. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran Department of Semiconductors Materials and Energy Research Center Karaj Iran Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Medical Engineering Islamic Azad University East Tehran Branch Tehran Iran

This study presents a novel method for synthesizing gallium nitride nanoparticles via nitridation and their subsequent deposition onto silicon substrates using electron beam evaporation for UV detection applications. The structural and optical properties of the resulting gallium nitride thin films were thoroughly characterized. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the synthesized powder has a wurtzite crystal structure, while the deposited thin film has an amorphous structure. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a uniform layer with an approximate thickness of 150 nm. Energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed that the stoichiometric ratio of gallium to nitrogen was maintained throughout the coating process. Additionally, ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements revealed a bandgap of 3.37 eV for the deposited thin film. Additionally, gold electrodes were deposited on the gallium nitride thin film, and the optical sensor's detection properties were evaluated, demonstrating a sensitivity of 133.6 along with rise and fall times of 18 ms and 15 ms, respectively. These findings underscore the potential of gallium nitride-based materials for advanced optical sensor applications in various fields. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Gallium nitride

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MetaGlyph: Automatic Generation of Metaphoric Glyph-based Visualization

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IEEE Transactions on Visualization and computer Graphics 2023年第1期29卷 331-341页

作者： Ying, Lu Shu, Xinhuan Deng, Dazhen Yang, Yuchen Tang, Tan Yu, Lingyun Wu, Yingcai Zhejiang University State Key Lab of CAD&CG Hangzhou China Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Institute of Frontier Technologies China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong School of Art and Archaeology Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Department of Computing Suzhou China

Glyph-based visualization achieves an impressive graphic design when associated with comprehensive visual metaphors, which help audiences effectively grasp the conveyed information through revealing data semantics. However, creating such metaphoric glyph-based visualization (MGV) is not an easy task, as it requires not only a deep understanding of data but also professional design skills. This paper proposes MetaGlyph, an automatic system for generating MGVs from a spreadsheet. To develop MetaGlyph, we first conduct a qualitative analysis to understand the design of current MGVs from the perspectives of metaphor embodiment and glyph design. Based on the results, we introduce a novel framework for generating MGVs by metaphoric image selection and an MGV construction. Specifically, MetaGlyph automatically selects metaphors with corresponding images from online resources based on the input data semantics. We then integrate a Monte Carlo tree search algorithm that explores the design of an MGV by associating visual elements with data dimensions given the data importance, semantic relevance, and glyph non-overlap. The system also provides editing feedback that allows users to customize the MGVs according to their design preferences. We demonstrate the use of MetaGlyph through a set of examples, one usage scenario, and validate its effectiveness through a series of expert interviews. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Visualization

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3D-Printed Stainless Steel Electrodes for Advancing Mems Microbial Fuel Cells Toward Sustainable on-chip Energy 38

3D-Printed Stainless Steel Electrodes for Advancing Mems Mic...

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38th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems, MEMS 2025

作者： Elhadad, Anwar Li, Guangfa Yang, Jiaqi Liu, Dehao Choi, Seokheun State University of New York at Binghamton Integrated Computational Materials Design Lab Department of Mechanical Engineering BinghamtonNY United States State University of New York at Binghamton Bioelectronics & Microsystems Laboratory Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering BinghamtonNY United States State University of New York at Binghamton Center for Research in Advanced Sensing Technologies and Environmental Sustainability BinghamtonNY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508890

This study introduces a stainless steel microbial anode fabricated via advanced laser powder bed fusion, marking a transformative step in microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology. By leveraging this cutting-edge metal 3D printing approach, we achieve a 3D microporous structure with superior electrical conductivity, outstanding corrosion resistance in aquatic environments, robust mechanical strength, and adaptability for surface modification - essential attributes for sustainable, high-performance MFCs. The assembled MFC demonstrates unparalleled power output, along with exceptional durability and stability over multiple cycles, outperforming existing MFCs based on alternative 3D-printed substrates. This advancement not only solidifies the role of MFCs as a sustainable energy solution for powering on-chip electronics but also opens new avenues for scalable, cost-effective bioelectronic systems that align with the demands of next-generation technology. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Corrosion resistance

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