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Intrinsic synaptic plasticity of ferroelectric field effect transistors for online learning

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Saha, Arnob Nafiul Islam, A.N.M. Zhao, Zijian Deng, Shan Ni, Kai Sengupta, Abhronil School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Microsystems Engineering Ph.D. program Rochester Institute of Technology RochesterNY14623 United States

Nanoelectronic devices emulating neuro-synaptic functionalities through their intrinsic physics at low operating energies is imperative toward the realization of brain-like neuromorphic computers. In this work, we leverage the non-linear voltage dependent partial polarization switching of a ferroelectric field effect transistor to mimic plasticity characteristics of biological synapses. We provide experimental measurements of the synaptic characteristics for a 28nm high-k metal gate technology based device and develop an experimentally calibrated device model for large-scale system performance prediction. Decoupled read-write paths, ultra-low programming energies and the possibility of arranging such devices in a cross-point architecture demonstrate the synaptic efficacy of the device. Our hardware-algorithm co-design analysis reveals that the intrinsic plasticity of the ferroelectric devices has potential to enable unsupervised local learning in edge devices with limited training data. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： E-learning

Unveiling the frontiers of deep learning: Innovations shaping diverse domains

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ahmed, Shams Forruque Alam, Md. Sakib Bin Kabir, Maliha Afrin, Shaila Rafa, Sabiha Jannat Mehjabin, Aanushka Gandomi, Amir H. School of Mathematical Sciences Sunway University Bandar Sunway Petaling Jaya Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia Department of Mathematics & Physics North South University Dhaka1229 Bangladesh Science and Math Program Asian University for Women Chattogram4000 Bangladesh School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology University of Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia Óbuda University Budapest1034 Hungary Department of Computer Science Khazar University Mahsati 41 Baku Azerbaijan

Deep learning (DL) allows computer models to learn, visualize, optimize, refine, and predict data. To understand its present state, examining the most recent advancements and applications of deep learning across various domains is essential. However, prior reviews focused on DL applications in only one or two domains. The current review thoroughly investigates the use of DL in four different broad fields due to the plenty of relevant research literature in these domains. This wide range of coverage provides a comprehensive and interconnected understanding of DL’s influence and opportunities, which is lacking in other reviews. The study also discusses DL frameworks and addresses the benefits and challenges of utilizing DL in each field, which is only occasionally available in other reviews. DL frameworks like TensorFlow and PyTorch make it easy to develop innovative DL applications across diverse domains by providing model development and deployment platforms. This helps bridge theoretical progress and practical implementation. Deep learning solves complex problems and advances technology in many fields, demonstrating its revolutionary potential and adaptability. CNN-LSTM models with attention mechanisms can forecast traffic with 99% accuracy. Fungal-diseased mango leaves can be classified with 97.13% accuracy by the multi-layer CNN model. However, deep learning requires rigorous data collection to analyze and process large amounts of data because it is independent of training data. Thus, large-scale medical, research, healthcare, and environmental data compilation are challenging, reducing deep learning effectiveness. Future research should address data volume, privacy, domain complexity, and data quality issues in DL *** Codes 68T07 © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

Graphene calorimetric single-photon detector

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Huang, Bevin Arnault, Ethan G. Jung, Woochan Fried, Caleb Russell, B. Jordan Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Henriksen, Erik A. Englund, Dirk Lee, Gil-Ho Fong, Kin Chung Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Physics Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang790-784 Korea Republic of Department of Physics Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO United States Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan RTX BBN Technologies Quantum Engineering and Computing Group CambridgeMA02138 United States

Single photon detectors (SPDs) [1, 2] are essential technology in quantum science, quantum network, biology, and advanced imaging [3-5]. To detect the small quantum of energy carried in a photon, conventional SPDs rely on energy excitation across either a semiconductor bandgap or superconducting gap. While the energy gap suppresses the false-positive error, it also sets an energy scale that can limit the detection efficiency of lower energy photons and spectral bandwidth of the SPD [6-8]. Here, we demonstrate an orthogonal approach to detect single near-infrared photons using graphene calorimeters [9-13]. By exploiting the extremely low heat capacity of the pseudo-relativistic electrons in graphene near its charge neutrality point [14], we observe an electron temperature rise up to ∼2 K using a hybrid Josephson junction. In this proof-of-principle experiment, we achieve an intrinsic quantum efficiency of 87% (75%) with dark count © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Particle beams

Photonic Terahertz Phased Array

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Niu, Li Feng, Xi Zhang, Xueqian Lu, Yongchang Wang, Qingwei Xu, Quan Chen, Xieyu Ma, Jiajun Qiu, Haidi Sha, Wei E.I. Zhang, Shuang Alù, Andrea Zhang, Weili Han, Jiaguang Center for Terahertz Waves College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York10016 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK74078 United States Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing School of Optoelectronic Engineering Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541004 China

Phased arrays are crucial in various technologies, such as radar and wireless communications, due to their ability to precisely control and steer electromagnetic waves. This precise control improves signal processing and enhances imaging performance. However, extending phased arrays to the terahertz (THz) frequency range has proven challenging, especially for high-frequency operation, broadband performance, two-dimensional (2D) phase control with large antenna arrays, and strong phase modulation. Here, we introduce a photonic platform to realize a THz phased array that bypasses the above challenges. Our method employs 2D phase coding with 2-bit across a broad THz frequency range from 0.8 to 1.4 THz. The core of our design is a pixelated nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry metasurface driven by a spatially modulated femtosecond laser, allowing precise phase control of THz signals. We showcase the effectiveness of our method through four proof-of-concept applications: single beamforming, dual beamforming, imaging and vortex beam generation. The realized photonic platform provides a promising pathway for developing broadband phased arrays in the THz regime. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Terahertz waves

CONVERGENCE SPEED AND APPROXIMATION ACCURACY OF NUMERICAL MCMC

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Cui, Tiangang Dong, Jing Jasra, Ajay Tong, Xin T. School of Mathematics Monash University Australia Graduate School of Business Columbia University United States Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Program Computer Electrical Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore Singapore

When implementing Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, perturbation caused by numerical errors is sometimes inevitable. This paper studies how perturbation of MCMC affects the convergence speed and Monte Carlo estimation accuracy. Our results show that when the original Markov chain converges to stationarity fast enough and the perturbed transition kernel is a good approximation to the original transition kernel, the corresponding perturbed sampler has similar convergence speed and high approximation accuracy as well. We discuss two different analysis frameworks: ergodicity and spectral gap, both are widely used in the literature. Our results can be easily extended to obtain non-asymptotic error bounds for MCMC estimators. We also demonstrate how to apply our convergence and approximation results to the analysis of specific sampling algorithms, including Random walk Metropolis and Metropolis adjusted Langevin algorithm with perturbed target densities, and parallel tempering Monte Carlo with perturbed densities. Finally we present some simple numerical examples to verify our theoretical claims. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Inverse problems

Emergent dimer-model topological order and quasi-particle excitations in liquid crystals: combinatorial vortex lattices

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Meng, Cuiling Wu, Jin-Sheng Kos, Žiga Dunkel, Jörn Nisoli, Cristiano Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Hiroshima University Hiroshima Higashihiroshima Japan Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Department of Condensed Matter Physics Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia Theoretical Division Physics of Condensed Matter and Complex Systems Center For Nonlinear Studies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Liquid crystals have proven to provide a versatile experimental and theoretical platform for studying topological objects such as vortices, skyrmions, and hopfions. In parallel, in hard condensed matter physics, the concept of topological phases and topological order has been introduced in the context of spin liquids to investigate emergent phenomena like quantum Hall effects and high-temperature superconductivity. Here, we bridge these two seemingly disparate perspectives on topology in physics. Combining experiments and simulations, we show how topological defects in liquid crystals can be used as versatile building blocks to create complex, highly degenerate topological phases, which we refer to as ‘Combinatorial Vortex Lattices’ (CVLs). CVLs exhibit extensive residual entropy and support locally stable quasi-particle excitations in the form of charge-conserving topological monopoles, which can act as mobile information carriers and be linked via Dirac strings. CLVs can be rewritten and reconfigured on demand, endowed with various symmetries, and modified through laser-induced topological surgery — an essential capability for information storage and retrieval. We demonstrate experimentally the realization, stability, and precise optical manipulation of CVLs, thus opening new avenues for understanding and technologically exploiting higher-hierarchy topology in liquid crystals and other ordered media. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser surgery

LSTM with Adam Optimization-Powered High Accuracy Preeclampsia Classification 21

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LSTM with Adam Optimization-Powered High Accuracy Preeclamps...

21st International Electronics Symposium, IES 2019

作者： Sakinah, Nur Tahir, Muhlis Badriyah, Tessy Syarif, Iwan Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya Graduate Program of Engineering Technology Surabaya Indonesia Computer Graphic Engineering Technology Study Program Politeknik Negeri Sambas Kalimantan Barat Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728144498

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, most often the liver and kidneys. Preeclampsia usually begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy in women whose blood pressure had been normal. To anticipate the risk of preeclampsia and prevent the death of pregnant women, a predictive system is needed for preeclampsia. to predict this, the data obtained will be studied to recognize patterns for predicting preeclampsia. Artificial neural network is one method that has the ability to learn patterns from a data. The system built in this study is to use the artificial neural network method by using the architecture of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Networks. But this technique requires the right parameters to get accurate predictions. In this paper analyze several parameters such as number of time series patterns, number of hidden neurons, max epoch, and composition of training and test data on the accuracy of the predictions obtained. The results of the analysis showed that the system built was able to predict Preeclampsia well, with an average accuracy rate of 90.22% for data testing. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Long short-term memory

Model technology Service E-Participation - Voting (E-PV) for Political Communication between the Council of Regional Representatives (DPRD) and the Citizens Using the Framework Information technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL V.3) Transition Domain Service 7

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Model Technology Service E-Participation - Voting (E-PV) for...

7th International Conference on ICT for Smart Society, ICISS 2020

作者： Hilabi, Shofa Shofiah Harso Supangat, Suhono Hendric Spits Warnars, Harco Leslie Prabowo, Harjanto Mursitama, Tirta Nugraha Universitas Buana Perjuangan Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Karawang Indonesia Institute of Technology Bandung School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Bandung Indonesia Nusantara University Doctor of Computer Science Bina Computer Science Department BINUS Graduate Program Jakarta11530 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University Doctor of Computer Science Jakarta11530 Indonesia Bina Nusantara University Faculty of Humanities International Relations Department Jakarta11480 Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665404228

E-voting is an electronic voting information technology service, while E-participation is an information technology service for citizens of the public to provide reports, polls, or suggestions on government policies electronically. The technology Services E-Participation-VOT (EPV) model is a combined E-Participation and E-Voting service model. The concept of this service model is that citizens transform from E-participation and E-voting services into an EPV model. The purpose of this model is to provide information to participants (citizens) about online-based voting services. This method of developing the EP-Voting Anticipation (EPV) technology model uses agile methods that are effective and flexible in various cases of designing Information technology models for Information technology (IT) services that apply a Framework Information technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL). The results obtained from this study are an Information technology service system model that provides recommendations for participation in conducting electronic elections (E-Voting). © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Surveys

High Level Learning Approach for High Level Collision Avoidance Using Sensors

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High Level Learning Approach for High Level Collision Avoida...

Interdisciplinary Humanitarian Conference for Sustainability (IIHC), International

作者： Lamhot Naibaho Razauddin L. Vertivendan V. Karunakaran Ashish Oberoi N.C. Ajay Vishwath English Language Education Study Program Faculty of Letters and Languages Christian University of Indonesia Department of computer and information sciences Gulf Colleges Saudia Arabia Department of CSE Galgotias University Greater Noida Uttar Pradesh India Department of CSE Faculty of Engineering and Technology JAIN (Deemed-to-be University) Bangalore INDIA Department of CSE RIMT University Mandi Godindgarh India Aeronautical Department Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology Parul University

Motion planning for many unmanned aircraft is challenging because they have a larger configuration space than self-driving automobile development (Automated guided vehicles). Additionally, there are more significant uncertainties and disruptions in UAV environments, which makes inter automatic navigation more difficult. In this letter, I proposed a 2 recurrent neural networks (RL) oriented multi-UAV collision avoidance technique by modeling the unpredictability or noise in the environment. Our objective is to create a strategy that can construct a path without clashing with anything using local noisy data. But unlike supervised algorithms, RL lacks a steady training data set with floor labels, thus its collision avoidance strategies often show significant fluctuation and are difficult to reproduce. To solve these issues, we created a two-stage training method for RL-based collision avoidance. We first optimize the policy, and then we utilize a supervised learning methodology with a loss function that encourages the agents to adopt the well-known reciprocity obstacle detection mechanism. In the second step, we use transmission to fine-tune the policy. The complete computer simulation findings demonstrate that this approach can handle noisy local views with erratic sound levels and can design moment & accident paths under inadequate sensing. We review the impact of our policies in a variety of ways.

关键词： Training Uncertainty Supervised learning Training data Aircraft navigation Sensors Noise measurement