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Determination of the Strange-Quark Density of the Proton from ATLAS Measurements of the W→ℓν and Z→ℓℓ Cross sections

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Physical Review Letters 2012年第1期109卷 012001-012001页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott J. Abdallah A. A. Abdelalim A. Abdesselam O. Abdinov B. Abi M. Abolins O. S. AbouZeid H. Abramowicz H. Abreu E. Acerbi B. S. Acharya L. Adamczyk D. L. Adams T. N. Addy J. Adelman M. Aderholz S. Adomeit P. Adragna T. Adye S. Aefsky J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra M. Aharrouche S. P. Ahlen F. Ahles A. Ahmad M. Ahsan G. Aielli T. Akdogan T. P. A. Åkesson G. Akimoto A. V. Akimov A. Akiyama M. S. Alam M. A. Alam J. Albert S. Albrand M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov F. Alessandria C. Alexa G. Alexander G. Alexandre T. Alexopoulos M. Alhroob M. Aliev G. Alimonti J. Alison M. Aliyev B. M. M. Allbrooke P. P. Allport S. E. Allwood-Spiers J. Almond A. Aloisio R. Alon A. Alonso B. Alvarez Gonzalez M. G. Alviggi K. Amako P. Amaral C. Amelung V. V. Ammosov A. Amorim G. Amorós N. Amram C. Anastopoulos L. S. Ancu N. Andari T. Andeen C. F. Anders G. Anders K. J. Anderson A. Andreazza V. Andrei M-L. Andrieux X. S. Anduaga A. Angerami F. Anghinolfi A. Anisenkov N. Anjos A. Annovi A. Antonaki M. Antonelli A. Antonov J. Antos F. Anulli S. Aoun L. Aperio Bella R. Apolle G. Arabidze I. Aracena Y. Arai A. T. H. Arce S. Arfaoui J-F. Arguin E. Arik M. Arik A. J. Armbruster O. Arnaez C. Arnault A. Artamonov G. Artoni D. Arutinov S. Asai R. Asfandiyarov S. Ask B. Åsman L. Asquith K. Assamagan A. Astbury A. Astvatsatourov B. Aubert E. Auge K. Augsten M. Aurousseau G. Avolio R. Avramidou D. Axen C. Ay G. Azuelos Y. Azuma M. A. Baak G. Baccaglioni C. Bacci A. M. Bach H. Bachacou K. Bachas M. Backes M. Backhaus E. Badescu P. Bagnaia S. Bahinipati Y. Bai D. C. Bailey T. Bain J. T. Baines O. K. Baker M. D. Baker S. Baker E. Banas P. Banerjee Sw. Banerjee D. Banfi A. Bangert V. Bansal H. S. Bansil L. Barak S. P. Baranov A. Barashkou A. Barbaro Galtieri T. Barber E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero D. Y. Bardin T. Barillari M. Barisonzi T. Barklow N. Barlow B. M. Barnett R. M. Barnett A. Baroncelli G. Barone A. J. Barr F. Barreiro J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa P. Barrillon R. Bartoldus A. E. Barton V. Bartsch R. L. Bates L. Batkova J. R. Batl Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br. Germany Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and ICREA Barcelona Spain Section de Physique Université de Genève Geneva Switzerland Department of Physics Oxford University Oxford United Kingdom Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan Department of Physics Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel LAL Univ. Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3 Orsay France INFN Sezione di Milano Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano Milano Italy INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Department of Physics Hampton University Hampton Virginia USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) München Germany Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany School of Physics and Astronomy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham Massachusetts USA Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE Universidad de Granada Granada Spain Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Department of Physics Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry Stony Brook Universi

A QCD analysis is reported of ATLAS data on inclusive W± and Z boson production in pp collisions at the LHC, jointly with ep deep-inelastic scattering data from HERA. The ATLAS data exhibit sensitivity to the light quark sea composition and magnitude at Bjorken x∼0.01. Specifically, the data support the hypothesis of a symmetric composition of the light quark sea at low x. The ratio of the strange-to-down sea quark distributions is determined to be 1.00−0.28+0.25 at absolute four-momentum transfer squared Q2=1.9 GeV2 and x=0.023.

关键词： QUARKS BOSONS CROSS sections (Nuclear physics) QUANTUM chromodynamics SYMMETRY (Physics) DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) MOMENTUM (Mechanics)

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Search for Direct Top Squark Pair Production in Final States with One Isolated Lepton, Jets, and Missing Transverse Momentum in s=7 TeV pp Collisions Using 4.7 fb−1 of ATLAS Data

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Physical Review Letters 2012年第21期109卷 211803-211803页

作者： G. Aad T. Abajyan B. Abbott J. Abdallah S. Abdel Khalek A. A. Abdelalim O. Abdinov R. Aben B. Abi M. Abolins O. S. AbouZeid H. Abramowicz H. Abreu B. S. Acharya L. Adamczyk D. L. Adams T. N. Addy J. Adelman S. Adomeit P. Adragna T. Adye S. Aefsky J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra M. Agustoni M. Aharrouche S. P. Ahlen F. Ahles A. Ahmad M. Ahsan G. Aielli T. Akdogan T. P. A. Åkesson G. Akimoto A. V. Akimov M. S. Alam M. A. Alam J. Albert S. Albrand M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov F. Alessandria C. Alexa G. Alexander G. Alexandre T. Alexopoulos M. Alhroob M. Aliev G. Alimonti J. Alison B. M. M. Allbrooke P. P. Allport S. E. Allwood-Spiers J. Almond A. Aloisio R. Alon A. Alonso F. Alonso A. D. Altheimer B. Alvarez Gonzalez M. G. Alviggi K. Amako C. Amelung V. V. Ammosov A. Amorim N. Amram C. Anastopoulos L. S. Ancu N. Andari T. Andeen C. F. Anders G. Anders K. J. Anderson A. Andreazza V. Andrei X. S. Anduaga P. Anger A. Angerami F. Anghinolfi A. Anisenkov N. Anjos A. Annovi A. Antonaki M. Antonelli A. Antonov J. Antos F. Anulli M. Aoki S. Aoun L. Aperio Bella R. Apolle G. Arabidze I. Aracena Y. Arai A. T. H. Arce S. Arfaoui J-F. Arguin E. Arik M. Arik A. J. Armbruster O. Arnaez V. Arnal C. Arnault A. Artamonov G. Artoni D. Arutinov S. Asai R. Asfandiyarov S. Ask B. Åsman L. Asquith K. Assamagan A. Astbury M. Atkinson B. Aubert E. Auge K. Augsten M. Aurousseau G. Avolio R. Avramidou D. Axen G. Azuelos Y. Azuma M. A. Baak G. Baccaglioni C. Bacci A. M. Bach H. Bachacou K. Bachas M. Backes M. Backhaus E. Badescu P. Bagnaia S. Bahinipati Y. Bai D. C. Bailey T. Bain J. T. Baines O. K. Baker M. D. Baker S. Baker E. Banas P. Banerjee Sw. Banerjee D. Banfi A. Bangert V. Bansal H. S. Bansil L. Barak S. P. Baranov A. Barbaro Galtieri T. Barber E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero D. Y. Bardin T. Barillari M. Barisonzi T. Barklow N. Barlow B. M. Barnett R. M. Barnett A. Baroncelli G. Barone A. J. Barr F. Barreiro J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa P. Barrillon R. Bartoldus A. E. Barton V. Bartsch A. Basye R. L. Bates L. Batkova J. R. Batley A. Ba Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Germany Physikalisches Institut University of Bonn Bonn Germany Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and ICREA Barcelona Spain LAL Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3 Orsay France Section de Physique Université de Genève Geneva Switzerland Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands Department of Physics Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers) CEA Saclay (Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique) Gif-sur-Yvette France INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Department of Physics Hampton University Hampton Virginia USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany School of Physics and Astronomy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham Massachusetts USA Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE Universidad de Granada Granada Spain Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics University of Bern Bern Switzerland

A search is presented for direct top squark pair production in final states with one isolated electron or muon, jets, and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at s=7 TeV. The measurement is based on 4.7 fb−1 of data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Each top squark is assumed to decay to a top quark and the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). The data are found to be consistent with standard model expectations. Top squark masses between 230 GeV and 440 GeV are excluded with 95% confidence for massless LSPs, and top squark masses around 400 GeV are excluded for LSP masses up to 125 GeV.

关键词： DILEPTON production MOMENTUM (Mechanics) COLLISIONS (Physics) DATA PROTONS DETECTORS

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Search for Pair Production of a Heavy Up-Type Quark Decaying to a W Boson and a b Quark in the lepton+jets Channel with the ATLAS Detector

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Physical Review Letters 2012年第26期108卷 261802-261802页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott J. Abdallah A. A. Abdelalim A. Abdesselam O. Abdinov B. Abi M. Abolins O. S. AbouZeid H. Abramowicz H. Abreu E. Acerbi B. S. Acharya L. Adamczyk D. L. Adams T. N. Addy J. Adelman M. Aderholz S. Adomeit P. Adragna T. Adye S. Aefsky J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra M. Aharrouche S. P. Ahlen F. Ahles A. Ahmad M. Ahsan G. Aielli T. Akdogan T. P. A. Åkesson G. Akimoto A. V. Akimov A. Akiyama M. S. Alam M. A. Alam J. Albert S. Albrand M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov F. Alessandria C. Alexa G. Alexander G. Alexandre T. Alexopoulos M. Alhroob M. Aliev G. Alimonti J. Alison M. Aliyev B. M. M. Allbrooke P. P. Allport S. E. Allwood-Spiers J. Almond A. Aloisio R. Alon A. Alonso B. Alvarez Gonzalez M. G. Alviggi K. Amako P. Amaral C. Amelung V. V. Ammosov A. Amorim G. Amorós N. Amram C. Anastopoulos L. S. Ancu N. Andari T. Andeen C. F. Anders G. Anders K. J. Anderson A. Andreazza V. Andrei M-L. Andrieux X. S. Anduaga A. Angerami F. Anghinolfi A. Anisenkov N. Anjos A. Annovi A. Antonaki M. Antonelli A. Antonov J. Antos F. Anulli S. Aoun L. Aperio Bella R. Apolle G. Arabidze I. Aracena Y. Arai A. T. H. Arce S. Arfaoui J-F. Arguin E. Arik M. Arik A. J. Armbruster O. Arnaez C. Arnault A. Artamonov G. Artoni D. Arutinov S. Asai R. Asfandiyarov S. Ask B. Åsman L. Asquith K. Assamagan A. Astbury A. Astvatsatourov B. Aubert E. Auge K. Augsten M. Aurousseau G. Avolio R. Avramidou D. Axen C. Ay G. Azuelos Y. Azuma M. A. Baak G. Baccaglioni C. Bacci A. M. Bach H. Bachacou K. Bachas M. Backes M. Backhaus E. Badescu P. Bagnaia S. Bahinipati Y. Bai D. C. Bailey T. Bain J. T. Baines O. K. Baker M. D. Baker S. Baker E. Banas P. Banerjee Sw. Banerjee D. Banfi A. Bangert V. Bansal H. S. Bansil L. Barak S. P. Baranov A. Barashkou A. Barbaro Galtieri T. Barber E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero D. Y. Bardin T. Barillari M. Barisonzi T. Barklow N. Barlow B. M. Barnett R. M. Barnett A. Baroncelli G. Barone A. J. Barr F. Barreiro J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa P. Barrillon R. Bartoldus A. E. Barton V. Bartsch R. L. Bates L. Batkova J. R. Batl Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br Germany Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and ICREA Barcelona Spain Section de Physique Université de Genève Geneva Switzerland Department of Physics Oxford University Oxford United Kingdom Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan Department of Physics Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel LAL Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3 Orsay France INFN Sezione di Milano Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano Milano Italy INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Department of Physics Hampton University Hampton Virginia USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) München Germany Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany School of Physics and Astronomy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham Massachusetts USA Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE Universidad de Granada Granada Spain Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Department of Physics Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Chemistry Stony B

A search is presented for production of a heavy up-type quark (t′) together with its antiparticle, assuming subsequent decay to a W boson and a b quark, t′t¯′→W+bW−b¯. The search is based on 1.04 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at s=7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Data are analyzed in the lepton+jets final state, characterized by a high transverse momentum isolated electron or muon, high missing transverse momentum, and at least three jets. No significant excess of events above the background expectation is observed. A 95% C.L. lower limit of 404 GeV is set for the mass of the t′ quark.

关键词： PAIR production QUARKS W bosons NUCLEAR counters RADIOACTIVE decay PROTON-proton interactions LARGE Hadron Collider (France & Switzerland)

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Search for a Light Higgs Boson Decaying to Long-Lived Weakly Interacting Particles in Proton-Proton Collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

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Physical Review Letters 2012年第25期108卷 251801-251801页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott J. Abdallah A. A. Abdelalim A. Abdesselam O. Abdinov B. Abi M. Abolins O. S. AbouZeid H. Abramowicz H. Abreu E. Acerbi B. S. Acharya L. Adamczyk D. L. Adams T. N. Addy J. Adelman M. Aderholz S. Adomeit P. Adragna T. Adye S. Aefsky J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra M. Aharrouche S. P. Ahlen F. Ahles A. Ahmad M. Ahsan G. Aielli T. Akdogan T. P. A. Åkesson G. Akimoto A. V. Akimov A. Akiyama M. S. Alam M. A. Alam J. Albert S. Albrand M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov F. Alessandria C. Alexa G. Alexander G. Alexandre T. Alexopoulos M. Alhroob M. Aliev G. Alimonti J. Alison M. Aliyev P. P. Allport S. E. Allwood-Spiers J. Almond A. Aloisio R. Alon A. Alonso B. Alvarez Gonzalez M. G. Alviggi K. Amako P. Amaral C. Amelung V. V. Ammosov A. Amorim G. Amorós N. Amram C. Anastopoulos L. S. Ancu N. Andari T. Andeen C. F. Anders G. Anders K. J. Anderson A. Andreazza V. Andrei M-L. Andrieux X. S. Anduaga A. Angerami F. Anghinolfi A. Anisenkov N. Anjos A. Annovi A. Antonaki M. Antonelli A. Antonov J. Antos F. Anulli S. Aoun L. Aperio Bella R. Apolle G. Arabidze I. Aracena Y. Arai A. T. H. Arce J. P. Archambault S. Arfaoui J-F. Arguin E. Arik M. Arik A. J. Armbruster O. Arnaez C. Arnault A. Artamonov G. Artoni D. Arutinov S. Asai R. Asfandiyarov S. Ask B. Åsman L. Asquith K. Assamagan A. Astbury A. Astvatsatourov B. Aubert E. Auge K. Augsten M. Aurousseau G. Avolio R. Avramidou D. Axen C. Ay G. Azuelos Y. Azuma M. A. Baak G. Baccaglioni C. Bacci A. M. Bach H. Bachacou K. Bachas G. Bachy M. Backes M. Backhaus E. Badescu P. Bagnaia S. Bahinipati Y. Bai D. C. Bailey T. Bain J. T. Baines O. K. Baker M. D. Baker S. Baker E. Banas P. Banerjee Sw. Banerjee D. Banfi A. Bangert V. Bansal H. S. Bansil L. Barak S. P. Baranov A. Barashkou A. Barbaro Galtieri T. Barber E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero D. Y. Bardin T. Barillari M. Barisonzi T. Barklow N. Barlow B. M. Barnett R. M. Barnett A. Baroncelli G. Barone A. J. Barr F. Barreiro J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa P. Barrillon R. Bartoldus A. E. Barton V. Bartsch R. L. Bates L. Batkova J. Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br. Germany Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and ICREA Barcelona Spain Section de Physique Université de Genève Geneva Switzerland Department of Physics Oxford University Oxford United Kingdom Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan Department of Physics Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel LAL Univ. Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3 Orsay France INFN Sezione di Milano Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano Milano Italy INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Department of Physics Hampton University Hampton Virginia USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) München Germany Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany School of Physics and Astronomy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham Massachusetts USA Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE Universidad de Granada Granada Spain Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Department of Physics Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Chemistry Stony Brook Univers

A search for the decay of a light Higgs boson (120–140 GeV) to a pair of weakly interacting, long-lived particles in 1.94 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at s=7 TeV recorded in 2011 by the ATLAS detector is presented. The search strategy requires that both long-lived particles decay inside the muon spectrometer. No excess of events is observed above the expected background and limits on the Higgs boson production times branching ratio to weakly interacting, long-lived particles are derived as a function of the particle proper decay length.

关键词： HIGGS bosons RADIOACTIVE decay WEAK interactions (Nuclear physics) PROTON-proton interactions NUCLEAR counters MUONS BRANCHING ratios (Nuclear physics) SPECTRA

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Search for Supersymmetry in Events with Three Leptons and Missing Transverse Momentum in s=7 TeV pp Collisions with the ATLAS Detector

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Physical Review Letters 2012年第26期108卷 261804-261804页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott J. Abdallah S. Abdel Khalek A. A. Abdelalim O. Abdinov B. Abi M. Abolins O. S. AbouZeid H. Abramowicz H. Abreu E. Acerbi B. S. Acharya L. Adamczyk D. L. Adams T. N. Addy J. Adelman S. Adomeit P. Adragna T. Adye S. Aefsky J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra M. Aharrouche S. P. Ahlen F. Ahles A. Ahmad M. Ahsan G. Aielli T. Akdogan T. P. A. Åkesson G. Akimoto A. V. Akimov A. Akiyama M. S. Alam M. A. Alam J. Albert S. Albrand M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov F. Alessandria C. Alexa G. Alexander G. Alexandre T. Alexopoulos M. Alhroob M. Aliev G. Alimonti J. Alison B. M. M. Allbrooke P. P. Allport S. E. Allwood-Spiers J. Almond A. Aloisio R. Alon A. Alonso B. Alvarez Gonzalez M. G. Alviggi K. Amako C. Amelung V. V. Ammosov A. Amorim G. Amorós N. Amram C. Anastopoulos L. S. Ancu N. Andari T. Andeen C. F. Anders G. Anders K. J. Anderson A. Andreazza V. Andrei X. S. Anduaga A. Angerami F. Anghinolfi A. Anisenkov N. Anjos A. Annovi A. Antonaki M. Antonelli A. Antonov J. Antos F. Anulli S. Aoun L. Aperio Bella R. Apolle G. Arabidze I. Aracena Y. Arai A. T. H. Arce S. Arfaoui J-F. Arguin E. Arik M. Arik A. J. Armbruster O. Arnaez V. Arnal C. Arnault A. Artamonov G. Artoni D. Arutinov S. Asai R. Asfandiyarov S. Ask B. Åsman L. Asquith K. Assamagan A. Astbury B. Aubert E. Auge K. Augsten M. Aurousseau G. Avolio R. Avramidou D. Axen G. Azuelos Y. Azuma M. A. Baak G. Baccaglioni C. Bacci A. M. Bach H. Bachacou K. Bachas M. Backes M. Backhaus E. Badescu P. Bagnaia S. Bahinipati Y. Bai D. C. Bailey T. Bain J. T. Baines O. K. Baker M. D. Baker S. Baker E. Banas P. Banerjee Sw. Banerjee D. Banfi A. Bangert V. Bansal H. S. Bansil L. Barak S. P. Baranov A. Barbaro Galtieri T. Barber E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero D. Y. Bardin T. Barillari M. Barisonzi T. Barklow N. Barlow B. M. Barnett R. M. Barnett A. Baroncelli G. Barone A. J. Barr F. Barreiro J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa P. Barrillon R. Bartoldus A. E. Barton V. Bartsch R. L. Bates L. Batkova J. R. Batley A. Battaglia M. Battistin F. Bauer H. S. Bawa S. Beale T. Beau P. H. Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br. Germany Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and ICREA Barcelona Spain LAL Univ. Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3 Orsay France Section de Physique Université de Genève Geneva Switzerland Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan Department of Physics Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers) CEA Saclay (Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique) Gif-sur-Yvette France INFN Sezione di Milano Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano Milano Italy INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Department of Physics Hampton University Hampton Virginia USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany School of Physics and Astronomy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham Massachusetts USA Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE Universidad de Granada Granada Spain Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Department of Physics Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Chemistry Stony Brook University

A search for the weak production of charginos and neutralinos decaying to a final state with three leptons (electrons or muons) and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis uses 2.06 fb−1 of s=7 TeV proton-proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with standard model expectations in two signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric and simplified models. For the simplified models, degenerate lightest chargino and next-to-lightest neutralino masses up to 300 GeV are excluded for mass differences from the lightest neutralino up to 300 GeV.

关键词： SUPERSYMMETRY (Physics) LEPTONS (Nuclear physics) COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics) NUCLEAR counters MOMENTUM (Mechanics) PROTON-proton interactions LARGE Hadron Collider (France & Switzerland)

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New joint demosaicing and zooming algorithm for color filter array

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2009年第3期55卷 1477-1486页

作者： Chung, Kuo-Liang Yang, Wei-Jen Chen, Pang-Yen Yan, Wen-Ming Fuh, Chiou-Shann Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology No. 43 Section 4 Keelung Road Taipei 10672 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University No. 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan

This paper presents a new joint demosaicing and zooming algorithm for digital cameras, each equipped with a single CCD/CMOS sensor and a color filter array (CFA). According to the proposed adaptive heterogeneity projection masks and Sobel- and luminance estimation-based masks, we can extract edge information of each pixel in terms of the direction of variation and the gradient from the mosaic image directly and accurately, and the extracted more accurate edge information will be utilized to assist the design of our proposed new joint demosaicing and zooming algorithm. Based on twenty-four popular testing mosaic images, our proposed new zooming algorithm has better image quality performance in terms of two objective color image quality measures, the color peak signal-to-noise ratio (CPSNR) and the S-CIELAB ΔEab * metric, and one subjective color image quality measure, the color artifacts, when compared with several previous zooming algorithms. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Digital cameras

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Fast incremental algorithm for speeding up the computation of binarization

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Applied Mathematics and Computation 2009年第2期212卷 396-408页

作者： Chung, Kuo-Liang Tsai, Chia-Lun Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology No. 43 Section 4 Keelung Road Taipei 10672 Taiwan

Binarization is an important basic operation in image processing community. Based on the thresholded value, the gray image can be segmented into a binary image, usually consisting of background and foreground. Given the histogram of input gray image, based on minimizing the within-variance (or maximizing the between-variance), the Otsu method can obtain a satisfactory binary image. In this paper, we first transfer the within-variance criterion into a new mathematical formulation, which is very suitable to be implemented in a fast incremental way, and it leads to the same thresholded value. Following our proposed incremental computation scheme, an efficient heap- and quantization-based (HQ-based) data structure is presented to realize its implementation. Under eight real gray images, experimental results show that our proposed HQ-based incremental algorithm for binarization has 36% execution-time improvement ratio in average when compared to the Otsu method. Besides this significant speedup, our proposed HQ-based incremental algorithm can also be applied to speed up the Kittler and Illingworth method for binarization. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Binary images

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Measurement of the production cross section for Z/γ* in association with jets in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Physical Review D 2012年第3期85卷 032009-032009页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott J. Abdallah A. A. Abdelalim A. Abdesselam O. Abdinov B. Abi M. Abolins H. Abramowicz H. Abreu E. Acerbi B. S. Acharya D. L. Adams T. N. Addy J. Adelman M. Aderholz S. Adomeit P. Adragna T. Adye S. Aefsky J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra M. Aharrouche S. P. Ahlen F. Ahles A. Ahmad M. Ahsan G. Aielli T. Akdogan T. P. A. Åkesson G. Akimoto A. V. Akimov A. Akiyama M. S. Alam M. A. Alam J. Albert S. Albrand M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov F. Alessandria C. Alexa G. Alexander G. Alexandre T. Alexopoulos M. Alhroob M. Aliev G. Alimonti J. Alison M. Aliyev P. P. Allport S. E. Allwood-Spiers J. Almond A. Aloisio R. Alon A. Alonso M. G. Alviggi K. Amako P. Amaral C. Amelung V. V. Ammosov A. Amorim G. Amorós N. Amram C. Anastopoulos L. S. Ancu N. Andari T. Andeen C. F. Anders G. Anders K. J. Anderson A. Andreazza V. Andrei M-L. Andrieux X. S. Anduaga A. Angerami F. Anghinolfi N. Anjos A. Annovi A. Antonaki M. Antonelli A. Antonov J. Antos F. Anulli S. Aoun L. Aperio Bella R. Apolle G. Arabidze I. Aracena Y. Arai A. T. H. Arce J. P. Archambault S. Arfaoui J-F. Arguin E. Arik M. Arik A. J. Armbruster O. Arnaez C. Arnault A. Artamonov G. Artoni D. Arutinov S. Asai R. Asfandiyarov S. Ask B. Åsman L. Asquith K. Assamagan A. Astbury A. Astvatsatourov G. Atoian B. Aubert E. Auge K. Augsten M. Aurousseau N. Austin G. Avolio R. Avramidou D. Axen C. Ay G. Azuelos Y. Azuma M. A. Baak G. Baccaglioni C. Bacci A. M. Bach H. Bachacou K. Bachas G. Bachy M. Backes M. Backhaus E. Badescu P. Bagnaia S. Bahinipati Y. Bai D. C. Bailey T. Bain J. T. Baines O. K. Baker M. D. Baker S. Baker E. Banas P. Banerjee Sw. Banerjee D. Banfi A. Bangert V. Bansal H. S. Bansil L. Barak S. P. Baranov A. Barashkou A. Barbaro Galtieri T. Barber E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero D. Y. Bardin T. Barillari M. Barisonzi T. Barklow N. Barlow B. M. Barnett R. M. Barnett A. Baroncelli G. Barone A. J. Barr F. Barreiro J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa P. Barrillon R. Bartoldus A. E. Barton D. Bartsch V. Bartsch R. L. Bates L. Batkova J. R. Batley A. Battaglia M. Ba Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br. Germany Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and ICREA Barcelona Spain Section de Physique Université de Genève Geneva Switzerland Department of Physics Oxford University Oxford United Kingdom Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan Department of Physics Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel LAL Univ. Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3 Orsay France INFN Sezione di Milano Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano Milano Italy INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Department of Physics Hampton University Hampton Virginia USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) München Germany Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany Department of Physics Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham Massachusetts USA Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE Universidad de Granada Granada Portugal Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Department of Physics Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA Physics Department University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Roma To

Results are presented on the production of jets of particles in association with a Z/γ* boson, in proton-proton collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. The analysis includes the full 2010 data set, collected with a low rate of multiple proton-proton collisions in the accelerator, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb−1. Inclusive jet cross sections in Z/γ* events, with Z/γ* decaying into electron or muon pairs, are measured for jets with transverse momentum pT>30 GeV and jet rapidity |y|<4.4. The measurements are compared to next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations, and to predictions from different Monte Carlo generators implementing leading-order matrix elements supplemented by parton showers.

关键词： CROSS sections (Nuclear physics) PROTON-proton interactions JETS (Nuclear physics) MUONS QUANTUM chromodynamics MONTE Carlo method PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)

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Underlying event characteristics and their dependence on jet size of charged-particle jet events in pp collisions at (s)=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Physical Review D 2012年第7期86卷 072004-072004页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott J. Abdallah S. Abdel Khalek A. A. Abdelalim O. Abdinov B. Abi M. Abolins O. S. AbouZeid H. Abramowicz H. Abreu E. Acerbi B. S. Acharya L. Adamczyk D. L. Adams T. N. Addy J. Adelman S. Adomeit P. Adragna T. Adye S. Aefsky J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra M. Aharrouche S. P. Ahlen F. Ahles A. Ahmad M. Ahsan G. Aielli T. Akdogan T. P. A. Åkesson G. Akimoto A. V. Akimov A. Akiyama M. S. Alam M. A. Alam J. Albert S. Albrand M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov F. Alessandria C. Alexa G. Alexander G. Alexandre T. Alexopoulos M. Alhroob M. Aliev G. Alimonti J. Alison B. M. M. Allbrooke P. P. Allport S. E. Allwood-Spiers J. Almond A. Aloisio R. Alon A. Alonso B. Alvarez Gonzalez M. G. Alviggi K. Amako C. Amelung V. V. Ammosov A. Amorim N. Amram C. Anastopoulos L. S. Ancu N. Andari T. Andeen C. F. Anders G. Anders K. J. Anderson A. Andreazza V. Andrei X. S. Anduaga P. Anger A. Angerami F. Anghinolfi A. Anisenkov N. Anjos A. Annovi A. Antonaki M. Antonelli A. Antonov J. Antos F. Anulli S. Aoun L. Aperio Bella R. Apolle G. Arabidze I. Aracena Y. Arai A. T. H. Arce S. Arfaoui J-F. Arguin E. Arik M. Arik A. J. Armbruster O. Arnaez V. Arnal C. Arnault A. Artamonov G. Artoni D. Arutinov S. Asai R. Asfandiyarov S. Ask B. Åsman L. Asquith K. Assamagan A. Astbury B. Aubert E. Auge K. Augsten M. Aurousseau G. Avolio R. Avramidou D. Axen G. Azuelos Y. Azuma M. A. Baak G. Baccaglioni C. Bacci A. M. Bach H. Bachacou K. Bachas M. Backes M. Backhaus E. Badescu P. Bagnaia S. Bahinipati Y. Bai D. C. Bailey T. Bain J. T. Baines O. K. Baker M. D. Baker S. Baker E. Banas P. Banerjee Sw. Banerjee D. Banfi A. Bangert V. Bansal H. S. Bansil L. Barak S. P. Baranov A. Barbaro Galtieri T. Barber E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero D. Y. Bardin T. Barillari M. Barisonzi T. Barklow N. Barlow B. M. Barnett R. M. Barnett A. Baroncelli G. Barone A. J. Barr F. Barreiro J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa P. Barrillon R. Bartoldus A. E. Barton V. Bartsch R. L. Bates L. Batkova J. R. Batley A. Battaglia M. Battistin F. Bauer H. S. Bawa S. Beale T. Beau P. H. B Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br. Germany Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and ICREA Barcelona Spain LAL Université Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3 Orsay France Section de Physique Université de Genève Geneva Switzerland Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan Department of Physics Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel DSM/IRFU (Institut de Recherches sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers) CEA Saclay (Commissariat a l’Energie Atomique) Gif-sur-Yvette France INFN Sezione di Milano Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano Milano Italy INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Department of Physics Hampton University Hampton Virginia USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany School of Physics and Astronomy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham Massachusetts USA Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE Universidad de Granada Granada Spain Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Department of Physics Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA Departments of Physics&Astronomy and Chemistry Stony B

Distributions sensitive to the underlying event are studied in events containing one or more charged-particle jets produced in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These measurements reflect 800 μb−1 of data taken during 2010. Jets are reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with radius parameter R varying between 0.2 and 1.0. Distributions of the charged-particle multiplicity, the scalar sum of the transverse momentum of charged particles, and the average charged-particle pT are measured as functions of pTjet in regions transverse to and opposite the leading jet for 4 GeV

关键词： COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics) JETS (Nuclear physics) LARGE Hadron Collider (France & Switzerland) MONTE Carlo method QUANTUM chromodynamics PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)

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Measurement of inclusive jet and dijet production in pp collisions at s=7 TeV using the ATLAS detector

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Physical Review D 2012年第1期86卷 014022-014022页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott J. Abdallah A. A. Abdelalim A. Abdesselam O. Abdinov B. Abi M. Abolins H. Abramowicz H. Abreu E. Acerbi B. S. Acharya D. L. Adams T. N. Addy J. Adelman M. Aderholz S. Adomeit P. Adragna T. Adye S. Aefsky J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra M. Aharrouche S. P. Ahlen F. Ahles A. Ahmad M. Ahsan G. Aielli T. Akdogan T. P. A. Åkesson G. Akimoto A. V. Akimov A. Akiyama A. Aktas M. S. Alam M. A. Alam J. Albert S. Albrand M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov F. Alessandria C. Alexa G. Alexander G. Alexandre T. Alexopoulos M. Alhroob M. Aliev G. Alimonti J. Alison M. Aliyev P. P. Allport S. E. Allwood-Spiers J. Almond A. Aloisio R. Alon A. Alonso B. Alvarez Gonzalez M. G. Alviggi K. Amako P. Amaral C. Amelung V. V. Ammosov A. Amorim G. Amorós N. Amram C. Anastopoulos L. S. Ancu N. Andari T. Andeen C. F. Anders G. Anders K. J. Anderson A. Andreazza V. Andrei M-L. Andrieux X. S. Anduaga A. Angerami F. Anghinolfi N. Anjos A. Annovi A. Antonaki M. Antonelli A. Antonov J. Antos F. Anulli S. Aoun L. Aperio Bella R. Apolle G. Arabidze I. Aracena Y. Arai A. T. H. Arce J. P. Archambault S. Arfaoui J-F. Arguin E. Arik M. Arik A. J. Armbruster O. Arnaez C. Arnault A. Artamonov G. Artoni D. Arutinov S. Asai R. Asfandiyarov S. Ask B. Åsman L. Asquith K. Assamagan A. Astbury A. Astvatsatourov G. Atoian B. Aubert E. Auge K. Augsten M. Aurousseau G. Avolio R. Avramidou D. Axen C. Ay G. Azuelos Y. Azuma M. A. Baak G. Baccaglioni C. Bacci A. M. Bach H. Bachacou K. Bachas G. Bachy M. Backes M. Backhaus E. Badescu P. Bagnaia S. Bahinipati Y. Bai D. C. Bailey T. Bain J. T. Baines O. K. Baker M. D. Baker S. Baker E. Banas P. Banerjee Sw. Banerjee D. Banfi A. Bangert V. Bansal H. S. Bansil L. Barak S. P. Baranov A. Barashkou A. Barbaro Galtieri T. Barber E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero D. Y. Bardin T. Barillari M. Barisonzi T. Barklow N. Barlow B. M. Barnett R. M. Barnett A. Baroncelli G. Barone A. J. Barr F. Barreiro J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa P. Barrillon R. Bartoldus A. E. Barton V. Bartsch R. L. Bates L. Batkova J. R. Batley A. Battagl Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i.Br. Germany Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA Institut de Física d’Altes Energies and Departament de Física de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and ICREA Barcelona Spain Section de Physique Université de Genève Geneva Switzerland Department of Physics Oxford University Oxford United Kingdom Institute of Physics Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan Department of Physics Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel LAL Univ. Paris-Sud and CNRS/IN2P3 Orsay France INFN Sezione di Milano Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Milano Milano Italy INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Department of Physics Hampton University Hampton Virginia USA Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut) München Germany Fakultät für Physik Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München München Germany School of Physics and Astronomy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham Massachusetts USA Departamento de Fisica Teorica y del Cosmos and CAFPE Universidad de Granada Granada Spain Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany Department of Physics Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Chemistry Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA Physics Department University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas USA INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata Italy Dipartimento di Fisica U

Inclusive jet and dijet cross sections have been measured in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The cross sections were measured using jets clustered with the anti-kt algorithm with parameters R=0.4 and R=0.6. These measurements are based on the 2010 data sample, consisting of a total integrated luminosity of 37 pb−1. Inclusive jet double-differential cross sections are presented as a function of jet transverse momentum, in bins of jet rapidity. Dijet double-differential cross sections are studied as a function of the dijet invariant mass, in bins of half the rapidity separation of the two leading jets. The measurements are performed in the jet rapidity range |y|<4.4, covering jet transverse momenta from 20 GeV to 1.5 TeV and dijet invariant masses from 70 GeV to 5 TeV. The data are compared to expectations based on next-to-leading-order QCD calculations corrected for nonperturbative effects, as well as to next-to-leading-order Monte Carlo predictions. In addition to a test of the theory in a new kinematic regime, the data also provide sensitivity to parton distribution functions in a region where they are currently not well-constrained.

关键词： COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics) CROSS sections (Nuclear physics) CENTER of mass SPECIAL relativity (Physics) PARAMETER estimation MONTE Carlo method COMPARATIVE studies

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