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RIS-Assisted Physical Layer Security in Emerging RF and Optical Wireless Communication Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

引用

IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 2024年

作者： Khoshafa, Majid H. Maraqa, Omar Moualeu, Jules M. Aboagye, Sylvester Ngatched, Telex M. N. Ahmed, Mohamed H. Gadallah, Yasser Renzo, Marco Di McMaster University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HamiltonONL8S 4L8 Canada University of the Witwatersrand School of Electrical and Information Engineering Johannesburg2000 South Africa University of Guelph School of Engineering GuelphONN1G 2W1 Canada University of Ottawa School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science OttawaONK1N 6N5 Canada The American University in Cairo Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering New Cairo11835 Egypt Université Paris-Saclay CNRS CentraleSupélec Laboratoire des Signaux et Systémes Gif-sur-Yvette91192 France

Security and latency are crucial aspects in the design of future wireless networks. Physical layer security (PLS) has received a growing interest from the research community in recent years for its ability to safeguard data confidentiality without relying on key distribution or encryption/decryption, and for its latency advantage over bit-level cryptographic techniques. However, the evolution towards the fifth generation (5G) technology and beyond poses new security challenges that must be addressed in order to fulfill the unprecedented performance requirements of future wireless communication networks. Among the potential key-enabling technologies, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has attracted extensive attention due to its ability to proactively and intelligently reconfigure the wireless propagation environment to combat dynamic wireless channel impairments. Consequently, the RIS technology can be adopted to improve the information-theoretic security of both radio frequency (RF) and optical wireless communications (OWC) systems. It is worth noting that the configuration of RIS in RF communications is different from the one in optical systems at many levels (e.g., RIS materials, signal characteristics, and functionalities). This survey paper provides a comprehensive overview of the information-theoretic security of RIS-based RF and optical systems. The article first discusses the fundamental concepts of PLS and RIS technologies, followed by their combination in both RF and OWC systems. Subsequently, some optimization techniques are presented in the context of the underlying system model, followed by an assessment of the impact of RIS-assisted PLS through a comprehensive performance analysis. Given that the computational complexity of future communication systems that adopt RIS-assisted PLS is likely to increase rapidly as the number of interactions between the users and infrastructure grows, machine learning (ML) is seen as a promising approach to address

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems

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Hardware Implementation of a Two-dimensional Fractional Map with Hidden Attractors

Hardware Implementation of a Two-dimensional Fractional Map ...

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2023 International Conference on Fractional Differentiation and Its Applications, ICFDA 2023

作者： Ouannas, Adel Khennaoui, Amina Aicha Grassi, Giuseppe Pham, Viet-Thanh Dibi, Zohir Momani, Shaher University of Oum El-Bouaghi Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Oum El Bouaghi Algeria University of Constantine 2 Ntic Faculty Tlsi Department Constantine Algeria Universita Del Salento Dipartimento Ingegneria Innovazione Lecce Italy Ton DucThang University Nonlinear Systems and Applications Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam University of Oum El-Bouaghi Oum El Bouaghi Algeria Ajman University College of Humanities and Sciences Department of Mathematics and Sciencesi Ajman United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798350321685

Several efforts have been recently devoted to the hardware implementations of fractional systems. This manuscript makes a contribution to the topic by introducing the first example of hardware implementation of a 2D fractional map with hidden. Specifically, the paper presents first a new class of two-dimensional fractional map with no equilibruim points using the Grunwald-Letnikov difference operator. Then, the system dynamics are analyzed via numerical simulation, such as bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents and phase portraits. Finally, the paper illustrates a hardware implementation of the 2D fractional map via a microcontroller, with the aim to show the real presence of chaotic hidden attractors in physical systems described by non-integer order maps. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Lyapunov methods

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Inverted-circuit zero-noise extrapolation for quantum gate error mitigation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Koenig, Kathrin F. Reinecke, Finn Hahn, Walter Wellens, Thomas Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics Tullastr. 72 Freiburg79108 Germany Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering University of Freiburg Emmy-Noether-Str. 2 Freiburg79110 Germany Department of Computer Science University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 51 Freiburg79110 Germany

A common approach to deal with gate errors in modern quantum-computing hardware is zero-noise extrapolation. By artificially amplifying errors and extrapolating the expectation values obtained with different error strengths towards the zero-error (zero-noise) limit, the technique aims at rectifying errors in noisy quantum computing systems. For accurate extrapolation, it is essential to know the exact factors of the noise amplification. In this article, we propose a simple method for estimating the strength of errors occurring in a quantum circuit and demonstrate improved extrapolation results. The method determines the error strength for a circuit by appending to it the inverted circuit and measuring the probability of the initial state. The estimation of error strengths is easy to implement for arbitrary circuits and does not require previous characterization of noise properties. We compare this method with the conventional zero-noise extrapolation method and show that our method leads to a more accurate calculation of expectation values on current quantum hardware, showcasing its suitability for near-term quantum computing applications. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Quantum computers

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Quantum Chemistry Driven Molecular Inverse Design with Data-free Reinforcement Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Calcagno, Francesco Serfilippi, Luca Franceschelli, Giorgio Garavelli, Marco Musolesi, Mirco Rivalta, Ivan Department of Industrial Chemistry Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna via Piero Gobetti 85 Bologna40129 Italy Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3 Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna via Piero Gobetti 85 Bologna40129 Italy Department of Computer Science and Engineering Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 2 Bologna40136 Italy Department of Computer Science University College London 66-72 Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom

The inverse design of molecules has challenged chemists for decades. In the past years, machine learning and artificial intelligence have emerged as new tools to generate molecules tailoring desired properties, but with the limit of relying on models that are pretrained on large datasets. Here, we present a data-free generative model based on reinforcement learning and quantum mechanics calculations. To improve the generation, our software is based on a five-model reinforcement learning algorithm designed to mimic the syntactic rules of an original ASCII encoding based on the SMILES one, and here reported. The reinforcement learning generator is rewarded by on-the-fly quantum mechanics calculations within a computational routine addressing conformational sampling. We demonstrate that our software successfully generates new molecules with desired properties finding optimal solutions for problems with known solutions and (sub)optimal molecules for unexplored chemical (sub)spaces, jointly showing significant speed-up to a reference baseline. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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A Novel Pareto-optimal Ranking Method for Comparing Multi-objective Optimization Algorithms

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Ibrahim, Amin Bidgoli, Azam Asilian Rahnamayan, Shahryar Deb, Kalyanmoy Faculty of Business and IT Ontario Tech University 2000 Simcoe Street North OshawaONL1G 0C5 Canada Computer Science Wilfrid Laurier University 75 University Avenue WaterlooONN2L 3C5 Canada Department of Engineering Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way St. CatharinesONL2S 3A1 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States

As the interest in multi- and many-objective optimization algorithms grows, the performance comparison of these algorithms becomes increasingly important. A large number of performance indicators for multi-objective optimization algorithms have been introduced, each of which evaluates these algorithms based on a certain aspect. Therefore, assessing the quality of multi-objective results using multiple indicators is essential to guarantee that the evaluation considers all quality perspectives. This paper proposes a novel multi-metric comparison method to rank the performance of multi-/ many-objective optimization algorithms based on a set of performance indicators. We utilize the Pareto optimality concept (i.e., non-dominated sorting algorithm) to create the rank levels of algorithms by simultaneously considering multiple performance indicators as criteria/objectives. As a result, four different techniques are proposed to rank algorithms based on their contribution at each Pareto level. This method allows researchers to utilize a set of existing/newly developed performance metrics to adequately assess/rank multi-/many-objective algorithms. The proposed methods are scalable and can accommodate in its comprehensive scheme any newly introduced metric. The method was applied to rank 10 competing algorithms in the 2018 CEC competition solving 15 many-objective test problems. The Pareto-optimal ranking was conducted based on 10 well-known multi-objective performance indicators and the results were compared to the final ranks reported by the competition, which were based on the inverted generational distance (IGD) and hypervolume indicator (HV) measures. The techniques suggested in this paper have broad applications in science and engineering, particularly in areas where multiple metrics are used for comparisons. Examples include machine learning and data mining. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Optimization algorithms

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Effects of spatially dense adrenergic stimulation to rotor behaviour in simulated atrial sheets

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2024年 182卷 109195-109195页

作者： Magtibay, Karl Massé, Stéphane Nanthakumar, Kumaraswamy Umapathy, Karthikeyan Biomedical Signal and Image Processing Laboratory Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science Toronto Metropolitan University 350 Victoria St TorontoONM5B 2K3 Canada Toby Hull Cardiac Fibrillation Management Toronto General Hospital University Health Network 200 Elizabeth Street TorontoONM5G 2C4 Canada

Sympathetic hyperactivity via spatially dense adrenergic stimulation may create pro-arrhythmic substrates even without structural remodelling. However, the effect of sympathetic hyperactivity on arrhythmic activity, such as rotors, is unknown. Using simulations, we examined the effects of gradually increasing the spatial density of adrenergic stimulation (AS) in atrial sheets on rotors. We compared their characteristics against rotors hosted in atrial sheets with increasing spatial density of minimally conductive (MC) elements to simulate structural remodelling due to injury or disease. We generated rotors using an S1-S2 stimulation protocol. Then, we created phase maps to identify phase singularities and map their trajectory over time. We measured each rotor's duration (s), angular speed (rad/s), and spatiotemporal organization. We demonstrated that atrial sheets with increased AS spatial densities could maintain rotors longer than with MC elements (2.6 ± 0.1 s vs. 1.5 ± 0.2 s, p © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Digital elevation model

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NIR Laser Integration of Photodetector on 3D Printed Chamber for Colorimetric Biosensing

引用

Advanced Materials Technologies 2023年第4期8卷

作者： Lin, Ching-Fu Chang, Chun-Hao Noël, Laurent Li, Bor-Ran Meng, Hsin-Fei Soppera, Olivier Zan, Hsiao-Wen Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Université de Haute-Alsace CNRS IS2M UMR 7361 MulhouseF-68100 France Université de Strasbourg StrasbourgF-67081 France Institute of Biomedical Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Institute of Physics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University No. 1001 University Road Hsinchu300 Taiwan

In this work, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)/indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) nanocomposite visible photodetector (PD) is directly prepared by near-infrared (NIR) laser-annealing on a 3D-printed substrate to form an integrated colorimetric sensor. After a surface planarization process, using a low power laser treatment without damaging the substrate, Au NPs are formed from the Au thin layer (6 nm) on 3D-printed resin substrate by laser-assisted dewetting process. Also, the UV–vis photoresponsivity is compared by tuning different NIR laser power intensity for sol-gel IZO curing. By investigating the temperature profile of each laser annealing process and the surface morphology of Au NPs/IZO nanocomposite film, the optimized PD is then integrated with a 3D-printed sensing chamber for successfully demonstrating urea detection varied from 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 × 10−3 m, which refer to the salivary urea concentrations for healthy and chronic kidney disease groups. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Morphology

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A Dynamic Hierarchical Framework for IoT-assisted Metaverse Synchronization

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Han, Yue Niyato, Dusit Leung, Cyril Kim, Dong In Zhu, Kun Feng, Shaohan Shen, Xuemin Miao, Chunyan Singapore Singapore NTU Singapore Singapore The University of British Columbia Canada The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea Republic of The College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing210016 China A*STAR Singapore The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Metaverse has recently attracted much attention from both academia and industry. Virtual services, ranging from virtual driver training to online route optimization for smart goods delivery, are emerging in the Metaverse. To make the human experience of virtual life more real, digital twins (DTs), namely digital replications of physical objects, are key enablers. However, the status of a DT may not always accurately reflect that of its real-world twin because the latter may be subject to changes with time. As such, it is necessary to synchronize a DT with its physical counterpart to ensure that its status is accurate for virtual businesses. In this paper, we propose a dynamic hierarchical framework in which a group of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices are incentivized to sense and collect physical objects’ status information collectively so as to assists virtual service providers (VSPs) in synchronizing DTs. Based on the collected synchronization data and the value decay rate of the DTs, the VSPs can determine synchronization intensities to maximize their payoffs. In our proposed dynamic hierarchical framework, the lower-level evolutionary game captures the VSPs selection by the population of IoT devices, and the upper-level differential game captures the VSPs payoffs, which are affected by the synchronization strategy, IoT devices selections, and the DTs value status, given VSPs are simultaneous decision makers. We further consider the case in which some VSPs are first movers (i.e., there is sequential decision making among VSPs), and extend it as a Stackelberg differential game. We theoretically and experimentally show that the equilibrium to the lower-level game exists and is evolutionarily robust, and provide a sensitivity analysis with respect to various system parameters. Experiments show that the both the simultaneous and Stackelberg differential game give higher accumulated payoffs compared to the baseline of a static game. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Game theory

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A Tutorial on Movable Antennas for Wireless Networks

引用

IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 2025年

作者： Zhu, Lipeng Ma, Wenyan Mei, Weidong Zeng, Yong Wu, Qingqing Ning, Boyu Xiao, Zhenyu Shao, Xiaodan Zhang, Jun Zhang, Rui National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 117583 Singapore National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications Chengdu611731 China Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Nanjing210096 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai200240 China Beihang University School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing100191 China University of Waterloo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Beijing Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM Miit Key Laboratory of Complex-field Intelligent Sensing Beijing100081 China The Chinese University of HongKong School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China

Movable antenna (MA) has been recognized as a promising technology to enhance the performance of wireless communication and sensing by enabling antenna movement. Such a significant paradigm shift from conventional fixed antennas (FAs) to MAs offers tremendous new opportunities towards realizing more versatile, adaptive and efficient next-generation wireless networks such as 6G. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive tutorial on the fundamentals and advancements in the area of MA-empowered wireless networks. First, we overview the historical development and contemporary applications of MA technologies. Next, to characterize the continuous variation in wireless channels with respect to antenna position and/or orientation, we present new field-response channel models tailored for MAs, which are applicable to narrowband and wideband systems as well as far-field and near-field propagation conditions. Subsequently, we review the state-of-the-art architectures for implementing MAs and discuss their practical constraints. A general optimization framework is then formulated to fully exploit the spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) in antenna movement for performance enhancement in wireless systems. In particular, we delve into two major design issues for MA systems. First, we address the intricate antenna movement optimization problem for various communication and/or sensing systems to maximize the performance gains achievable by MAs. Second, we deal with the challenging channel acquisition issue in MA systems for reconstructing the channel mapping between arbitrary antenna positions inside the transmitter and receiver regions. Moreover, we show existing prototypes developed for MA-aided communication/sensing and the experimental results based on them. Finally, the extension of MA design to other wireless systems and its synergy with other emerging wireless technologies are discussed. We also highlight promising research directions in this area to inspire future investigatio

关键词： Antenna arrays

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Multi-fidelity Deep Learning-based methodology for epistemic uncertainty quantification of turbulence models

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Chu, Minghan Qian, Weicheng Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department Queen's University KingstonONK7L 2V9 Canada Department of Computer Science University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonSKS7N 5C9 Canada

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations using turbulence models are commonly used in engineering design. Of the different turbulence modeling approaches that are available, eddy viscosity based models are the most common for their computational economy. Eddy viscosity based models utilize many simplifications for this economy such as the gradient diffusion and the isotropic eddy viscosity hypotheses. These simplifications limit the degree to which eddy viscosity models can replicate turbulence physics and lead to model form uncertainty. The Eigenspace Perturbation Method (EPM) has been developed for purely physics based estimates of this model form uncertainty in turbulence model predictions. Due to its physics based nature, the EPM weighs all physically possible outcomes equally leading to overly conservative uncertainty estimates in many cases. In this investigation we use data driven Machine Learning (ML) approaches to address this limitation. Using ML models, we can weigh the physically possible outcomes by their likelihood leading to better calibration of the uncertainty estimates. Specifically, we use ML models to predict the degree of perturbations in the EPM over the flow domain. This work focuses on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based model to learn the discrepancy between Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) predictions. This model acts as a marker function, modulating the degree of perturbations in the EPM. We show that this physics constrained machine learning framework performs better than the purely physics or purely ML alternatives, and leads to less conservative uncertainty bounds with improved calibration. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Turbulence models

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