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ANDiE the Autonomous Neutron Diffraction Explorer

Neutron News 2023年第2期34卷 6-7页

作者： Austin McDannald Matthias Frontzek Andrei T. Savici Mathieu Doucet Efrain E. Rodriguez Kate Meuse Jessica Opsahl-Ong Daniel Samarov Ichiro Takeuchi William Ratcliff A. Gilad Kusne 1 Materials Measurement Laboratory NIST Gaithersburg Maryland USA 2 Neutron Sciences Directorate ORNL Oak Ridge Tennessee USA 3 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA4 Maryland Quantum Materials Center College Park Maryland USA 5 Department of Computer Science Cornell University Ithaca New York USA 6 Department of Computer Science Rice University Houston Texas USA 7 Information Technology Laboratory NIST Gaithersburg Maryland USA 4 Maryland Quantum Materials Center College Park Maryland USA8 Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA 8 Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA9 NIST Center for Neutron Research NIST Gaithersburg Maryland USA 1 Materials Measurement Laboratory NIST Gaithersburg Maryland USA8 Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA

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Novel α-divergence measures on picture fuzzy sets and interval-valued picture fuzzy sets with diverse applications

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engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2024年 136卷

作者： Zhu, Sijia Liu, Zhe Ulutagay, Gözde Deveci, Muhammet Pamučar, Dragan Cw Chu College Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou221116 China College of Mathematics and Computer Xinyu University Xinyu338004 China School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang11800 Malaysia Department of Statistics Faculty of Science Ege University Izmir35040 Turkey Department of Industrial Engineering Turkish Naval Academy National Defence University Istanbul Tuzla34942 Turkey Royal School of Mines Imperial College London LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Department of Information Technologies Western Caspian University Baku1001 Azerbaijan Széchenyi István University Győr Hungary Department of Industrial Engineering & Management Yuan Ze University Taoyuan City320315 Taiwan Department of Operations Research and Statistics Faculty of Organizational Sciences University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia

Currently, many studies have developed distance or divergence measures between intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and interval-valued fuzzy sets (IvFSs). As a generalization of IFSs, picture fuzzy sets (PFSs) provide a more nuanced representation of uncertain and ambiguous information. Interval-valued picture fuzzy sets (IvPFSs) combine the concepts of IvIFSs and PFSs, providing a highly effective means of representing and processing uncertain, ambiguous and incomplete information. How to better measure the differences between PFSs and IvPFSs is still an open issue. This paper proposes some novel α-divergence measures for PFSs and IvPFSs, respectively. We demonstrate the basic properties of the proposed divergence measures, including non-negativity, non-degeneracy and symmetry. Besides, we analyze some special cases of the proposed divergence measures that degenerate into or are related to several well-known divergences. Then, we construct some numerical examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed measures concerning existing measures. Finally, the proposed α-divergence measures are applied to pattern recognition, multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) and clustering, demonstrating that these measures possess a high confidence level and can produce trustworthy results, especially in comparable situations. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Fuzzy sets

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Flat Band Generation through Interlayer Geometric Frustration in Intercalated Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Peng, Yawen He, Ren Li, Peng Zhdanovich, Sergey Michiardi, Matteo Gorovikov, Sergey Zonno, Marta Damascelli, Andrea Miao, Guo-Xing Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L3G1 Canada Quantum Matter Institute University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Canadian Light Source Inc. 44 Innovation Boulevard SaskatoonSKS7N 2V3 Canada School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

Electronic flat bands can lead to rich many-body quantum phases by quenching the electron’s kinetic energy and enhancing many-body correlation. The reduced bandwidth can be realized by either destructive quantum interference in frustrated lattices, or by generating heavy band folding with avoided band crossing in Moiré superlattices. Here we propose a general approach to introduce flat bands into widely studied transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials by dilute intercalation. A flat band with vanishing dispersion is observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) over the entire momentum space in intercalated Mn1/4TaS2. Polarization dependent ARPES measurements combined with symmetry analysis reveals the orbital characters of the flat band. Supercell tight-binding simulations suggest that such flat bands arising from destructive interference between Mn and Ta on S through hopping pathways, are ubiquitous in a range of TMD families as well as for different intercalation configurations. Our findings establish a new material platform to manipulate flat band structures and explore their corresponding emergent correlated properties. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Kinetic energy

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MDA: Availability-Aware Federated Learning Client Selection

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Abyane, Amin Eslami Drew, Steve Hemmati, Hadi The Department of Electrical and Software Engineering University of Calgary CalgaryABT2N 1N4 Canada The Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science York University TorontoONM3J 1P3 Canada

Recently, a new distributed learning scheme called Federated Learning (FL) has been introduced. FL is designed so that server never collects user-owned data meaning it is great at preserving privacy. FL’s process starts with the server sending a model to clients, then the clients train that model using their data and send the updated model back to the server. Afterward, the server aggregates all the updates and modifies the global model. This process is repeated until the model converges. This study focuses on an FL setting called cross-device FL, which trains based on a large number of clients. Since many devices may be unavailable in cross-device FL, and communication between the server and all clients is extremely costly, only a fraction of clients gets selected for training at each round. In vanilla FL, clients are selected randomly, which results in an acceptable accuracy but is not ideal from the overall training time perspective, since some clients are slow and can cause some training rounds to be slow. If only fast clients get selected the learning would speed up, but it will be biased toward only the fast clients’ data, and the accuracy degrades. Consequently, new client selection techniques have been proposed to improve the training time by considering individual clients’ resources and speed. This paper introduces the first availability-aware selection strategy called MDA. The results show that our approach makes learning faster than vanilla FL by up to 6.5%. Moreover, we show that resource heterogeneity-aware techniques are effective but can become even better when combined with our approach, making it faster than the state-of-the-art selectors by up to 16%. Lastly, our approach selects more unique clients for training compared to client selectors that only select fast clients, which reduces our technique’s bias. The data that support the findings of this study are available in our repository at https://***/aminesi/FedML-Extended. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Software reliability

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Electrochemical studies of nickel oxide nanoparticles via solution combustion method using green and chemical fuels

Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment

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Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment 2024年 5卷

作者： Ahamed, N. Nasir Pattar, Jayadev Murthy, R.N. Keshava Kumar, M.R. Anil Bhoomika, V. Raghavendra, N. Ravikumar, C.R. Department of Physics Government College for women Chintamani 563125 India Department of Science School of applied sciences REVA University Bangalore India Department of Chemistry Government College for women Chintamani 563125 India Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science Concordia University Montreal H3G 2W1 Canada Department of Civil Engineering East West Institute of Technology VTU Bangalore 560091 India Research Centre Department of chemistry East West Institute of Technology Bangalore India

The efficient manufacture of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) using a novel solution combustion method that makes use of chemical (glucose) and green (Aloe vera gel extract) fuels is reported in this work. As revealed by electron microscopy, the synthesized samples were spongy, spherical, agglomerated, and porous;in contrast, the face-centered cubic crystal structure (FCC) phase for NiO NPs was corroborated by PXRD. The energy band gaps of NiO NPs are 4.09 and 4.21 eV. Using an eco-friendly NiO electrode, cyclic voltammetry investigations demonstrated good reversibility (a reduced value of E_O-E_R). Its great conductivity was confirmed by electrochemical impedance tests, which also showed a low charge-transfer resistance. Using NiO NPs, stable electrode materials for application in supercapacitors can be readily created. In comparison to chemically synthesized NiO green generated NiO in a 3-electrode setup demonstrated a capacitance of 156 Fg⁻¹ and 183 Fg⁻¹ at a scan rate of 5 Ag⁻¹, respectively, according to the GCD investigation. It also had good cycling stability, retaining more than 85% of its original capacitance after 2000 cycles. The results suggest that green produced NiO could be a cheap and practical material for use in supercapacitor applications in the future. © 2024 The Authors

关键词： Aloe vera extract Cyclic voltammetry Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Photocatalyst Supercapacitor

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Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: A Multi-Sector Mode Enabling Highly Directional Full-Space Wireless Coverage

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Hongyu Shen, Shanpu Clerckx, Bruno The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom The Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong GrazA-8010 Austria

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has gained much traction due to its potential to manipulate the propagation environment via nearly-passive reconfigurable elements. In our previous work, we have analyzed and proposed a beyond diagonal RIS (BD-RIS) model, which is not limited to traditional diagonal phase shift matrices, to unify different RIS modes/architectures. In this paper, we create a new branch of BD-RIS supporting a multi-sector mode. A multi-sector BD-RIS is modeled as multiple antennas connected to a multi-port group-connected reconfigurable impedance network. More specifically, antennas are divided into L (L ≥ 2) sectors and arranged as a polygon prism with each sector covering 1/L space. Different from the recently introduced concept of intelligent omni-surface (or simultaneously transmitting and reflecting RIS), the multi-sector BD-RIS not only achieves a full-space coverage, but also has significant performance gains thanks to the highly directional beam of each sector. We derive the constraint of the multi-sector BD-RIS and the corresponding channel model taking into account the relationship between antenna beamwidth and gain. With the proposed model, we first derive the scaling law of the received signal power for a multi-sector BD-RIS-assisted single-user system. We then propose efficient beamforming design algorithms to maximize the sum-rate of the multi-sector BD-RIS-assisted multiuser system. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed design and demonstrate the performance enhancement of the proposed multi-sector BD-RIS. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Omnidirectional antennas

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A Lightweight Approach to Real-Time Speaker Diarization: From Audio Toward Audio-Visual Data Streams

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Kynych, Frantisek Cerva, Petr Zdansky, Jindrich Svendsen, Torbjørn Salvi, Giampiero Faculty of Mechatronics Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies Technical University of Liberec Studentska 2 Liberec461 17 Czech Republic Department of Electronic Systems Norwegian University of Science and Technology Torgarden TrondheimNO-7491 Norway KTH Royal Institute of Technology School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Brinellvägen 8 StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden

This manuscript deals with the task of real-time speaker diarization (SD) for stream-wise data processing. Therefore, in contrast to most of the existing papers, it considers not only the accuracy but also the computational demands of individual investigated methods. We first propose a new lightweight scheme allowing us to perform speaker diarization of streamed audio data. Our approach utilizes a modified residual network with squeeze-and-excitation blocks (SE-ResNet-34) to extract speaker embeddings in an optimized way using cached buffers. These embeddings are subsequently used for voice activity detection (VAD) and block-online k-means clustering with a look-ahead *** described scheme yields results similar to the reference offline system while operating solely on a CPU with a low real-time factor (RTF) below 0.1 and a constant latency of around 5.5 seconds. In the next part of the work, our research moves toward much more demanding and complex real-time processing of audio-visual data *** this purpose, we extend the above-mentioned scheme for audio data processing by adding an audio-video module. This module utilizes SyncNet combined with visual embeddings for identity tracking. Our resulting multi-modal SD framework then combines the outputs from audio and audio-video modules by using a new overlap-based fusion strategy. It yields diarization error rates that are competitive with the existing state-of-the-art offline audio-visual methods while allowing us to process various audio-video streams, e.g., from internet or TV broadcasts, in real-time and with the same latency as for audio data processing. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Embeddings

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Closed-Form Global Optimization of Beyond Diagonal Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Nerini, Matteo Shen, Shanpu Clerckx, Bruno The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom The Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Graz A 8010 Austria

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) allow controlling the propagation environment in wireless networks by tuning multiple reflecting elements. RISs have been traditionally realized through single connected architectures, mathematically characterized by a diagonal scattering matrix. Recently, beyond diagonal RISs (BD-RISs) have been proposed as a novel branch of RISs whose scattering matrix is not limited to be diagonal, which creates new benefits and opportunities for RISs. Efficient BD-RIS architectures have been realized based on group and fully connected reconfigurable impedance networks. However, a closed-form solution for the global optimal scattering matrix of these architectures is not yet available. In this paper, we provide such a closed-form solution proving that the theoretical performance upper bounds can be exactly achieved for any channel realization. We first consider the received signal power maximization in single-user single-input single-output (SISO) systems aided by a BD-RIS working in reflective or transmissive mode. Then, we extend our solution to single-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and multi-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems. We show that our algorithm is less complex than the iterative optimization algorithms employed in the previous literature. The complexity of our algorithm grows linearly (resp. cubically) with the number of RIS elements in the case of group (resp. fully) connected architectures. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Global optimization

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Blockchain technology in the smart city: a bibliometric review

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Quality and Quantity 2022年第5期56卷 2875-2906页

作者： Rejeb, Abderahman Rejeb, Karim Simske, Steven J. Keogh, John G. Doctoral School of Regional Sciences and Business Administration Széchenyi István University Gyor 9026 Hungary Higher Institute of Computer Science El Manar 2 Rue Abou Raïhan El Bayrouni Ariana 2080 Tunisia Systems Engineering Department Colorado State University Fort Collins CO United States Henley Business School University of Reading Greenlands Henley-on-Thames RG9 3AU United Kingdom

Blockchain can function as a foundational technology with numerous applications in smart cities. The objective of this paper is twofold. First, it provides a detailed overview of the extant literature on blockchain applications in smart cities;second, it reveals the trends and suggests future research directions for scholars who wish to contribute to this rapidly growing field. We conducted a bibliometric review using a keyword co-occurrence network and article co-citation analysis. The analysis includes the assessment of 148 articles published between 2016 and 2020 in 76 academic journals. The review results demonstrate that the number of articles devoted to the study of blockchain applications and smart cities has increased exponentially in recent years. More importantly, the research identifies some of the most influential studies in this area. The paper discusses trends and highlights the challenges related to the deployment of blockchain in smart cities. To the authors’ best knowledge, this represents the first study to review the literature from leading journals on blockchain applications in smart cities using bibliometric techniques. © 2021, The Author(s).

关键词： Bibliometric review Blockchain technology Co-citation analysis Smart city

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Computational Kerr-Ellipsometry: Quantifying Broadband Optical Nonreciprocity of Magneto-Optic Materials

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Choudhury, Vishal Khandekar, Chinmay Boddeti, Ashwin K. Jishi, Ali Erkovan, Mustafa Sentz, Tyler Kalhor, Farid Cardoso, Susana Supradeepa, V.R. Jacob, Zubin Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light Staudtstraße 2 Erlangen91058 Germany Birck Nanotechnology Center Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Department of Fundamental Sciences and Engineering Sivas University of Science and Technology Sivas Turkey INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias Rua Alves Redol 9 Lisboa1000-029 Portugal Instituto Superior Tecnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais Lisboa1000 Portugal Centre for Nano Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru560012 India

Characterizing the optical response of magneto-optic and magnetic materials usually relies on semi-classical models (e.g. Lorentz oscillator model) involving few parameters or models based on a detailed quantum mechanical description of the underlying response. These models typically involve a few parameters that are estimated via fitting the experimental data to provide a qualitative understanding of the underlying physics. Such a few-parameters fitting approach falls short of accurately capturing all elements of the complex-valued permittivity tensor across a range of wavelengths. Accurate characterization of the permittivity tensor elements across a broad range of wavelengths is invariably imperative for designing optical elements such as isolators, circulators, etc. Here, we propose and demonstrate a ubiquitous and accessible method based on a combination of spectroscopic ellipsometry and spectroscopic Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect (MOKE) measurements coupled with rigorous numerical parameter extraction techniques. To this end, we use the combined MOKE ellipsometry measurements conducted at different angles of incidence with a gradient-descent minimization algorithm to provide the inverse solution to the complete dielectric permittivity tensor. Further, we demonstrate model re-verification to ensure the estimated dielectric permittivity values reliably predict the measured experimental data. Our method is a simplified bench-top counterpart to the otherwise complex measurement systems. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Spectroscopic ellipsometry

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