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HfO2-Blue Phosphorus/molybdenum disulfide hybrid structure-based surface plasmon optical refractometric sensor with multiple light source for rapid novel coronavirus detection

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Optik 2025年 322卷

作者： Emon, Wahiduzzaman Rafsan, Ahmed Afif Nayan, Md. Faysal Mahmud, Russel Reza Hai, Nguyen Hoang Hossain, Md. Anwar Faculty of Sciences Aix-Marseille Université 163 Avenue de Luminy Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Marseille13288 France Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology 141-142 Love Road Tejgaon Industrial Area Dhaka1208 Bangladesh Metropolitan University Bateshwar Sylhet3104 Bangladesh Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering McGill University MontréalQuébec Canada Hanoi University of Science and Technology 1 Dai Co Viet Road Hanoi10000 Viet Nam Bangladesh University of Business and Technology Rupnagar Mirpur-2 Dhaka1216 Bangladesh

This paper presents a novel hybrid multilayered surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor composed of CaF2/TiO2/Ag/HfO2/BP-MoS2 for rapid and precise detection of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Utilizing the angular probe attenuation total reflection (ATR) technique, the sensor detects changes in the refractive index (RI) and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) resulting from interactions between varying ligand-analyte concentrations. Functionalized with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as probe ligands and the virus spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) as the analyte, the sensor enables specific binding that increases concentration in the sensing region, leading to a shift in RI and the SPR angle, thereby affecting the reflectance level. The performance of the sensor was evaluated using numerical analysis techniques such as the finite element method (FEM) and the transfer matrix method (TMM), demonstrating high sensitivity with an angular shift of 412.7972 degrees per refractive index unit (RIU), detection accuracy of 0.3916 degrees per degree, and a figure of merit (FOM) of 161.6627 RIU−1. The multilayered sensor swiftly detects the COVID-19 virus with exceptional angular sensitivity and has been validated for use with a range of biological components within the RI range of 1.20 to 1.35. The study also discusses compatibility with various light sources and potential production techniques with fabrication tolerance, making it broadly applicable for virus detection and advanced biosensing technologies. © 2024 Elsevier GmbH

关键词： Transfer matrix method

Analytical modelling for the frequency behavior of two distinct modes in nano-constriction spin Hall nano-oscillator

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ghanatian, H. Rajabali, M. Khymyn, R. Kumar, A. González, V.H. Farkhani, H. Åkerman, J. Moradi, F. Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering High Frequency and Digital Electronics Section University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark ICE-LAB Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Aarhus University Aarhus8200 Denmark NanOsc AB Kista Sweden Physics Department University of Gothenburg Gothenburg412 96 Sweden Center for Science and Innovation in Spintronics Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai980-8577 Japan Research Institute of Electrical Communication Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai980-8577 Japan

Nano-constriction spin-Hall nano-oscillators (NC-SHNOs) have garnered considerable interest due to their potential use as efficient and adjustable nano-sized sources of microwave signals, with high-frequency tunability, adaptable design layout, and CMOS compatibility. In order to facilitate system- and circuit-level designs based on the NC-SHNOs, it is essential to have an analytical model capable of predicting the behavior of the NC-SHNO. In this paper, we introduce an analytical model to describe the frequency behavior of a single NC-SHNO in an in-plane magnetic field while considering the Oersted field. The model is divided into two regions based on the direct current value: the "linear-like" and "bullet" modes. Each region is characterized by distinct concepts and equations. The first region, the "linear-like mode," emerges from the nano-constriction edges and progresses toward the center of the active area of the NC-SHNO. In contrast, the second regime, the localized "bullet mode," exhibits negative nonlinearity, where increasing the current will lead to a decrease in frequency. The model's validity is confirmed through experimental data obtained from electrical RF measurements on a single 180nm wide NC-SHNO, and the model demonstrates excellent agreement with experimental data. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Microwave oscillators

Privacy Against Inference Attacks in Vertical Federated Learning

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Rassouli, Borzoo Varasteh, Morteza Gündüz, Deniz School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Essex ColchesterCO4 3SQ United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom

Vertical federated learning is considered, where an active party, having access to true class labels, wishes to build a classification model by utilizing more features from a passive party, which has no access to the labels, to improve the model accuracy. In the prediction phase, with logistic regression as the classification model, several inference attack techniques are proposed that the adversary, i.e., the active party, can employ to reconstruct the passive party’s features, regarded as sensitive information. These attacks, which are mainly based on a classical notion of the center of a set, i.e., the Chebyshev center, are shown to be superior to those proposed in the literature. Moreover, several theoretical performance guarantees are provided for the aforementioned attacks. Subsequently, we consider the minimum amount of information that the adversary needs to fully reconstruct the passive party’s features. In particular, it is shown that when the passive party holds one feature, and the adversary is only aware of the signs of the parameters involved, it can perfectly reconstruct that feature when the number of predictions is large enough. Next, as a defense mechanism, several privacy-preserving schemes are proposed that worsen the adversary’s reconstruction attacks, while preserving the benefits that VFL brings to the active party. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed attacks and the privacy-preserving schemes. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

Nonlinear Biphasic Mixture Model: Existence and Uniqueness Results

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Alam, M. Muntean, A. Raja Sekhar, G.P. Department of Mathematics Ecole Centrale School of Engineering Mahindra University Telangana Hyderabad500043 India Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Karlstad Universitetsgatan 2 Karlstad651 88 Sweden Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology WB Kharagpur721302 India

This paper is concerned with the development and analysis of a mathematical model that is motivated by interstitial hydrodynamics and tissue deformation mechanics (poro-elasto-hydrodynamics) within an in-vitro solid tumor. The classical mixture theory is adopted for mass and momentum balance equations for a two-phase system. A main contribution of this study, we treat the physiological transport parameter (i.e., hydraulic resistivity) as anisotropic and heterogeneous, thus the governing system is strongly coupled and nonlinear. We derived a weak formulation and then formulated the equivalent fixed-point problem. This enabled us to use the Galerkin method, and the classical results on monotone operators combined with the well-known Schauder and Banach fixed point theorems to prove the existence and uniqueness *** Codes 76Txx, 76Zxx (Primary) 35Q74, 35D30 (Secondary) © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Hydrodynamics

Modeling, Capacity Studies, Antenna and System Designs for 6G/B6G 3D Continuous-Space Radio Channels Enabled by Electromagnetic Information Theory

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IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials 2025年

作者： Wang, Cheng-Xiang Li, Junling Huang, Jie Huang, Chen Zhang, Zhaoyang Liu, Ying Zhou, Shidong Chen, Yunfei You, Xiaohu Gao, Xiqi Cui, Tie Jun Renzo, Marco Di Thompson, John Haas, Harald Schober, Robert Zhang, Rui Southeast University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Nanjing211189 China Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China Zhejiang University Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing Communication and Networking College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310007 China Xidian University National Key Laboratory of Radar Detection and Sensing Xi'an710071 China Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory on Microwave and Digital Communications Beijing100084 China University of Durham Department of Engineering DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom Southeast University State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves School of Information Science and Engineering Nanjing211189 China UniversitèParis-Saclay Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes CNRS CentraleSupélec Gif-sur-Yvette91192 France Centre for Telecommunications Research - Department of Engineering King's College London LondonWC2R 2LS United Kingdom School of Engineering EdinburghEH9 3BF United Kingdom Cambridge University Department of Engineering CambridgeCB2 1PZ United Kingdom Institute for Digital Communications Erlangen91054 Germany The Chinese University of HongKong School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen518172 China National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 117583 Singapore

Channel theory is a fundamental theory of wireless communications. The sixth generation (6G) and beyond 6G (B6G) wireless communication networks are expected to provide space-air-ground-sea global coverage. Base stations and users tend to move in three dimensional (3D) continuous spaces, while antennas and propagation environments can be tightly coupled. The underlying channels show an evolutionary trend to 3D continuous-space radio channels that combine antennas and wireless propagation channels, in comparison to discrete local-space wireless propagation channels in previous generations. This introduces new challenges for channel modeling, channel capacity analysis, antenna design, system design, etc. To address these challenges, this paper performs a comprehensive study on 3D continuous-space radio channels in 6G/B6G with the aid of electromagnetic information theory (EIT) that integrates electromagnetic theory, information theory, wireless propagation channel modeling theory, and antenna theory. We start by revealing the connections and gaps between these four fundamental theories. Then, an in-depth investigation on the four major research thrusts of 3D continuous-space radio channels is provided: 1) channel measurements and modeling, 2) channel capacity analysis, 3) general antenna design, and 4) wireless system design. We aim to explore the intrinsic relationships between antenna parameters, channel parameters, channel characteristics, channel capacity, and communication system performance. Finally, future research directions and challenges for 3D continuous-space radio channels are outlined. Our study endeavors to establish a fundamental framework for 3D continuous-space radio channels, with the potential to catalyze breakthroughs in 6G/B6G theories. © 1998-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Antenna grounds

All-optical measurement-device-free feedforward enabling ultra-fast quantum informationprocessing

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yamashima, Taichi Kashiwazaki, Takahiro Suzuki, Takumi Nehra, Rajveer Nakamura, Tomohiro Inoue, Asuka Umeki, Takeshi Takase, Kan Asavanant, Warit Endo, Mamoru Furusawa, Akira Department of Applied Physics School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-8656 Japan NTT Device Technology Labs NTT Corporation 3-1 Morinosato Wakamiya Atsugi Kanagawa243-0198 Japan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA01003 United States Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA01003 United States College of Information and Computer Science University of Massachusetts Amherst AmherstMA01003 United States Optical Quantum Computing Research Team RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama351-0198 Japan

Utilizing feedforward to perform adaptive quantum operations on one entangled state according to the measurement result of the other state enables measurement-based quantum information processing (QIP). Until now, the bandwidth of feedforward in optical QIP has been limited to around 100 MHz by measurement with electronics. A potential alternative is the utilization of an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). This optical device eliminates the need for electronic measuring devices and enables all-optical broadband feedforward. In this paper, we demonstrate a variable squeezing gate with an operation bandwidth of 1.3 THz by all-optical measurement-device-free feedforward. We utilize a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide as a broadband OPA and perform continuous phase locking in our optical system. Experimental results demonstrate that our all-optical QIP operates at a THz clock frequency, representing a major step toward the realization of an ultra-fast quantum computer. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Parametric amplifiers

Quantum Generative Diffusion Model: A Fully Quantum-Mechanical Model for Generating Quantum State Ensemble

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Chuangtao Zhao, Qinglin Zhou, MengChu He, Zhimin Sun, Zhili Situ, Haozhen Faculty of Innovation Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Macao999078 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ07102 United States School of Electronic and Information Engineering Foshan University Foshan528000 China Institute of Communication Systems University of Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom College of Mathematics and Informatics South China Agricultural University Guangzhou510642 China

Classical diffusion models have shown superior generative results. Exploring them in the quantum domain can advance the field of quantum generative learning. This work introduces Quantum Generative Diffusion Model (QGDM) as their simple and elegant quantum counterpart. Through a non-unitary forward process, any target quantum state can be transformed into a completely mixed state that has the highest entropy and maximum uncertainty about the system. A trainable backward process is used to recover the former from the latter. The design requirements for its backward process includes non-unitarity and small parameter count. We introduce partial trace operations to enforce non-unitary and reduce the number of trainable parameters by using a parameter-sharing strategy and incorporating temporal information as an input in the backward process. We present QGDM’s resource-efficient version to reduce auxiliary qubits while preserving generative capabilities. QGDM exhibits faster convergence than Quantum Generative Adversarial Network (QGAN) because its adopted convex-based optimization can result in better convergence. The results of comparing it with QGAN demonstrate its effectiveness in generating both pure and mixed quantum states. It can achieve 53.02% higher fidelity in mixed-state generation than QGAN. The results highlight its great potential to tackle challenging quantum generation tasks. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

Development of an Automotive Climate Control System for Low-End Vehicles in Tropical Climate Environment

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SSRN

SSRN 2023年

作者： Ahmad, M.A. Yakub, Fitri Othman, N.A. Kadir, K.W. Rashid, M.Z.A. Manan, K.E. Mas, M.R.H. Omar Ainaa, Z. Hanis Sinha, V.K. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur54100 Malaysia Hang Tuah Jaya Melaka Durian Tunggal76100 Malaysia Garisan Industries Sdn. Bhd. No. 3a Tingkat 1 Jalan Wawasan Ampang 2/2 Ampang Selangor68000 Malaysia Department of Computer Science & Engineering Chitkara University Himachal Pradesh 174103 India

In past decades, researchers have given much attention towards the development of a novel and improved heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system in a vehicle. HVAC system is known to provide a comfortable vehicular environmental for occupants by regulating the cabin’s temperature and humidity, improving the overall indoor air quality. With the emergence of electric and hybrid electric vehicles for future car markets, the prospect of an energy efficient HVAC system is very critical and demanding to avoid energy wastage by battery powered vehicles. While HVAC systems improve the thermal comfort of a vehicle's interior, it also increases the vehicle's energy consumption. The objective of this study is to develop a novel HVAC system by automating the automotive climate control system (ACCS) that minimize the energy consumption of a vehicle's HVAC system while preserving thermal comfort. This proposed control method is basically inspired for the use of low-end vehicles due to its simplicity and acceptable efficiency in performance. A simulation of the proposed ACCS is performed to show the system's ability in optimization of its energy. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thermal comfort

Beyond Strang: A practical assessment of some second-order 3-splitting methods

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Spiteri, Raymond J. Tavassoli, Arash Wei, Siqi Smolyakov, Andrei Department of Computer Science University of Saskatchewan 110 Science Place SaskatoonSKS7N 5K9 Canada Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Saskatchewan 106 Wiggins Road SaskatoonSKS7N 5E6 Canada Department of Physics and Engineering Physics University of Saskatchewan 116 Science Place SaskatoonSKS7N 5E2 Canada

Operator splitting is a popular divide-and-conquer strategy for solving differential equations. Typically, the right-hand side of the differential equation is split into a number of parts that are then integrated separately. Many methods are known that split the right-hand side into two parts. This approach is limiting, however, and there are situations when 3-splitting is more natural and ultimately more advantageous. The second-order Strang operator-splitting method readily generalizes to a right-hand side splitting into any number of operators. It is arguably the most popular method for 3-splitting because of its efficiency, ease of implementation, and intuitive nature. Other 3-splitting methods exist, but they are less well-known, and analysis and evaluation of their performance in practice are scarce. We demonstrate the effectiveness of some alternative 3-split, second-order methods to Strang splitting on two problems: the reaction-diffusion Brusselator, which can be split into three parts that each have closed-form solutions, and the kinetic Vlasov-Poisson equations that is used in semi-Lagrangian plasma simulations. We find alternative second-order 3-operator-splitting methods that realize efficiency gains of 10%-20% over traditional Strang splitting. Our analysis for the practical assessment of efficiency of operator-splitting methods includes the computational cost of the integrators and can be used in method design. © 2023, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Efficiency