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Toward Mixture-of-Experts Enabled Trustworthy Semantic Communication for 6G Networks

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arXiv 2024年

作者： He, Jiayi Luo, Xiaofeng Kang, Jiawen Du, Hongyang Xiong, Zehui Chen, Ci Niyato, Dusit Shen, Xuemin School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China The College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore The Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore487372 Singapore The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

Semantic Communication (SemCom) plays a pivotal role in 6G networks, offering a viable solution for future efficient communication. Deep Learning (DL)-based semantic codecs further enhance this efficiency. However, the vulnerability of DL models to security threats, such as adversarial attacks, poses significant challenges for practical applications of SemCom systems. These vulnerabilities enable attackers to tamper with messages and eavesdrop on private information, especially in wireless communication scenarios. Although existing defenses attempt to address specific threats, they often fail to simultaneously handle multiple heterogeneous attacks. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a novel Mixture-of-Experts (MoE)based SemCom system. This system comprises a gating network and multiple experts, each specializing in different security challenges. The gating network adaptively selects suitable experts to counter heterogeneous attacks based on user-defined security requirements. Multiple experts collaborate to accomplish semantic communication tasks while meeting the security requirements of users. A case study in vehicular networks demonstrates the efficacy of the MoE-based SemCom system. Simulation results show that the proposed MoE-based SemCom system effectively mitigates concurrent heterogeneous attacks, with minimal impact on downstream task accuracy. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Latent semantic analysis

A Primer on Rate-Splitting Multiple Access: Tutorial, Myths, and Frequently Asked Questions

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Clerckx, Bruno Mao, Yijie Jorswieck, Eduard A. Yuan, Jinhong Love, David J. Erkip, Elza Niyato, Dusit The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom GrazA-8010 Austria The School of Information Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China The Institute for Communications Technology TU Braunschweig Brunswick Germany The School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales SydneyNSW2052 Australia The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN United States The Electrical and Computer Engineering Department New York University Tandon School of Engineering BrooklynNY11201 United States The School of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) has emerged as a powerful multiple access, interference management, and multi-user strategy for next generation communication systems. In this tutorial, we depart from the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) versus non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) discussion held in 5G, and the conventional multi-user linear precoding approach used in space-division multiple access (SDMA), multiuser and massive MIMO in 4G and 5G, and show how multi-user communications and multiple access design for 6G and beyond should be intimately related to the fundamental problem of interference management. We start from foundational principles of interference management and rate-splitting, and progressively delineate RSMA frameworks for downlink, uplink, and multicell networks. We show that, in contrast to past generations of multiple access techniques (OMA, NOMA, SDMA), RSMA offers numerous benefits: 1) enhanced spectral, energy and computation efficiency;2) universality by unifying and generalizing OMA, SDMA, NOMA, physical-layer multicasting, multi-user MIMO under a single framework that holds for any number of antennas at each node (SISO, SIMO, MISO, and MIMO settings);3) flexibility by coping with any interference levels (from very weak to very strong), network loads (underloaded, overloaded), services (unicast, multicast), traffic, user deployments (channel directions and strengths);4) robustness to inaccurate channel state information (CSI) and resilience to mixed-critical quality of service;5) reliability under short channel codes and low latency. We then discuss how those benefits translate into numerous opportunities for RSMA in over forty different applications and scenarios of 6G, e.g., multi-user MIMO with statistical/quantized CSI, FDD/TDD/cell-free massive MIMO, millimeter wave and terahertz, cooperative relaying, physical layer security, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, cloud-radio access network, internet-of-things, massive access, jo

关键词： Space division multiple access

A blockchain based virtual machine detection system app market

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2523卷

作者： Karthikeyan Palaniappan V. Anantha Krishna M. Ramasubramanian T. K. S. Rathish Babu 1Department of Centre for System Design Computer Science and Engineering Chennai Institute of Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India 2Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sridevi Women's Engineering College Hyderabad Telangana India

Smartphone malware's rapid development suggests malicious programme developers moving from standard PC systems to smart phone computers. Technology experts are now also developing new methods of anti-malware for adequate security. For the identification of smart phone dangerous applications, this study proposes a Blockchain-based malware mitigation framework (B2MDF) (app stores). For the ultimate judgement, the system combines two internal and external proprietary block chains to establish a private dual blockchain and a blockchain alliance. Blocks produced from both static and dynamically driven function removers are stored in the private internal blockchain stores, whilst blocks for current models are detected in the external blockchain stores. B2MDF also exchanges function blocks with third parties, which allows providers of anti-malware to offer more exact *** rating permissions, we employed the idea of information value. Furthermore, because blockchain has great dependability and cheap cost, we developed a consensus-based blockchain framework for generating more concrete predictions. The top 45 permissions, rated by Information Value, are used to obtain this accuracy.

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Extending the Kinetic and Thermodynamic Limits of Molecular-Beam Epitaxy Utilizing Suboxide Sources or Metal-Oxide-Catalyzed Epitaxy

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Physical Review Applied 2022年第3期17卷 034021-034021页

作者： Patrick Vogt Felix V.E. Hensling Kathy Azizie Jonathan P. McCandless Jisung Park Kursti DeLello David A. Muller Huili G. Xing Debdeep Jena Darrell G. Schlom Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science Ithaca New York 14853 USA Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung Max-Born-Strasse 2 Berlin 12489 Germany

We observe a catalytic mechanism during the growth of III-O and IV-O materials by suboxide molecular-beam epitaxy (S-MBE). By supplying the molecular catalysts In2O and SnO we increase the growth rates of Ga2O3 and In2O3. This catalytic action is explained by a metastable adlayer A, which increases the reaction probability of the reactants Ga2O and In2O with active atomic oxygen, leading to an increase of the growth rates of Ga2O3 and In2O3. We derive a model for the growth of binary III-O and IV-O materials by S-MBE and apply these findings to a generalized catalytic description for metal-oxide-catalyzed epitaxy (MOCATAXY), applicable to elemental and molecular catalysts. We introduce a mathematical description of S-MBE and MOCATAXY, providing a computational framework to set growth parameters in previously inaccessible kinetic and thermodynamic growth regimes when using the aforementioned catalysis. Our results indicate that MOCATAXY takes place with a suboxide catalyst rather than with an elemental catalyst. As a result of the growth regimes achieved, we demonstrate a Ga2O3/Al2O3 heterostructure with an unrivaled crystalline quality, paving the way for the preparation of oxide device structures with unprecedented perfection.

关键词： Adsorption Chemical kinetics, dynamics & catalysis Growth Roughness Surface diffusion Thermodynamics Oxides Molecular beam epitaxy

New efficient transmission technique for HetNets with massive MIMO wireless backhaul

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New efficient transmission technique for HetNets with massiv...

作者： Hamdi, Rami Driouch, Elmahdi Ajib, Wessam College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Qatar Foundation Doha Qatar Department of Computer Science University of Quebec at Montreal MontrealQCH2L 2C4 Canada

In order to cope with the rapid increase in power consumption of heterogeneous cellular networks, this article proposes a new efficient transmission technique for heterogeneous networks with massive MIMO wireless backhaul with the objective of minimizing power consumption cost. We assume that transmissions on the backhaul link and the access link occur simultaneously on the same frequency band (in-band) thanks to MIMO spatial multiplexing. On the other hand, we consider that uplink and downlink transmissions are separated in time. In order to prevent multi-user and inter-tier interference, block diagonalization beamforming is considered at the macro base station (MBS) and the signal from the small base station (SBS) to the MBS is transmitted orthogonally to the channel of the SBS's users. The problem of minimizing the transmit power of base stations under users' minimum-rate constraints is formulated. We first derive analytically the optimal time splitting parameter and the allocated transmit power considering that the inter-SBS interference is generated by fixed power. Next, we solve the power allocation problem when the generated inter-SBS interference is no longer considered fixed by proposing an efficient iterative power allocation algorithm. A heuristic user scheduling algorithm is devised in order to deal with the feasibility problem. Finally, simulations validate our analysis and show that the proposed transmission technique outperforms the conventional reverse time division duplex with bandwidth splitting (out-band) in terms of total power consumption. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Base stations

HUMAN-AGENT COORDINATION in A GROUP FORMATION GAME

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Takko, Tuomas Monsivais, Daniel Bhattacharya, Kunal Kaski, Kimmo Department of Computer Science Aalto University School of Science 00076 Finland Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Department of Computer Science Aalto University School of Science 00076 Finland Alan Turing Institute 96 Euston RdKings Cross LondonNW1 2DB United Kingdom

Coordination and cooperation between humans and autonomous agents in cooperative games raises interesting questions of human decision making and behaviour changes. Here we report our findings from a group formation game in a small-world network of different mixes of human and agent players, aiming to achieve connected clusters of the same colour by swapping places with neighbouring players using non-overlapping information. In the experiments the human players are incentivized by rewarding to prioritize their own cluster while the model of agents’ decision making is derived from our previous experiment of purely cooperative game between human players. The experiments were performed by grouping the players in three different setups to investigate the overall effect of having cooperative autonomous agents within teams. We observe that the change in the behavior of human subjects adjusts to playing with autonomous agents by being less risk averse, while keeping the overall performance efficient by splitting the behaviour into selfish and cooperative in the two actions performed during the rounds of the game. Moreover, results from two hybrid human-agent setups suggest that the group composition affects the evolution of clusters. Our findings indicate that in purely or lesser cooperative settings, providing more control to humans could help in maximizing the overall performance of hybrid systems. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Autonomous agents

LOGIC-BASED DISCRETE-STEEPEST DESCENT: A SOLUTION METHOD FOR PROCESS SYNTHESIS GENERALIZED DISJUNCTIVE PROGRAMS

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ovalle, Daniel Liñán, David A. Lee, Albert Gómez, Jorge M. Ricardez-Sandoval, Luis Grossmann, Ignacio E. Bernal Neira, David E. Department of Chemical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Department of Chemical and Food Engineering Universidad de los Andes Bogotá1100123 Colombia Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN United States Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory NASA Ames Research Center Mountain ViewCA United States Research Institute of Advanced Computer Science Universities Space Research Association Mountain ViewCA United States

Optimization of chemical processes is challenging due nonlinearities arising from chemical principles and discrete design decisions. The optimal synthesis and design of chemical processes can be posed as a Generalized Disjunctive Programming (GDP) problem. While reformulating GDP problems as Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problems is common, specialized algorithms for GDP remain scarce. This study introduces the Logic-Based Discrete-Steepest Descent Algorithm (LD-SDA) as a solution method for GDP problems involving ordered Boolean variables. LD-SDA transforms these variables into external integer decisions and uses a two-level decomposition: the upper-level sets external configurations, and the lower-level solves the remaining variables, efficiently exploiting the GDP structure. In the case studies presented in this work, including batch processing, reactor superstructures, and distillation columns, LD-SDA consistently outperforms conventional GDP and MINLP solvers, especially as problem size grows. LD-SDA also proves to be superior when solving challenging problems where other solvers encounter difficulties in finding optimal solutions. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Steepest descent method

A General Framework for Equivariant Neural Networks on Reductive Lie Groups

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Batatia, Ilyes Geiger, Mario Munoz, Jose Smidt, Tess Silberman, Lior Ortner, Christoph Engineering Laboratory University of Cambridge CambridgeCB2 1PZ United Kingdom Department of Chemistry ENS Paris-Saclay Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette91190 France Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States EIA University FTA Group Antioquia Colombia Department of Mathematics University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z2 Canada

Reductive Lie Groups, such as the orthogonal groups, the Lorentz group, or the unitary groups, play essential roles across scientific fields as diverse as high energy physics, quantum mechanics, quantum chromodynamics, molecular dynamics, computer vision, and imaging. In this paper, we present a general Equivariant Neural Network architecture capable of respecting the symmetries of the finite-dimensional representations of any reductive Lie Group G. Our approach generalizes the successful ACE and MACE architectures for atomistic point clouds to any data equivariant to a reductive Lie group action. We also introduce the lie-nn software library, which provides all the necessary tools to develop and implement such general G-equivariant neural networks. It implements routines for the reduction of generic tensor products of representations into irreducible representations, making it easy to apply our architecture to a wide range of problems and groups. The generality and performance of our approach are demonstrated by applying it to the tasks of top quark decay tagging (Lorentz group) and shape recognition (orthogonal group). Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lie groups

Attractiveness of engineering higher education study at RTU for foreign students 19

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Attractiveness of engineering higher education study at RTU ...

19th Conference on Applied Mathematics, APLIMAT 2020

作者： Dzenite, Ilona Cernajeva, Sarmite Matvejevs, Aleksandrs Department of Engineering Mathematics Institute of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Riga Technical University 2 Daugavgrivas street RigaLV-1007 Latvia

ISBN: (纸本)9788022749831

Due to a successful commitment to developing an international education offer, the number of foreign students enrolled in studies at Riga Technical University (RTU) is increasing significantly every year. In this paper, the authors describe the reasons why engineering studies at RTU are becoming so attractive to foreign students. The conclusions are made on the basis of student surveys and the long teaching experience of the Professors of the engineering Mathematics department. © 19th Conference on Applied Mathematics, APLIMAT 2020 Proceedings. All rights reserved.

关键词： Students