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Two-timescale Optimization for E2E Network Slicing-aided Cloud-edge Collaborative Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Wang, Yunfeng Zhao, Liqiang Chu, Xiaoli Song, Shenghui Deng, Yansha Nallanathan, Arumugam Zhou, Guorong Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xi'an710071 China Xidian University Guangzhou Institute of Technology Guangzhou510100 China University of Sheffield Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering SheffieldS10 2TN United Kingdom Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong King's College London Department of Engineering LondonWC2R 2LS United Kingdom Queen Mary University of London School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom Kyung Hee University Department of Electronic Engineering Gyeonggi-do Yongin-si17104 Korea Republic of

To leverage the synergy between cloud computing (CC) and edge computing (EC) to support various services while reducing the CC/EC switching overhead, the two-timescale utility maximization problem for an end-to-end network slicing-aided cloud-edge collaborative network (E2E-CECN) is formulated covering both the high throughput and low delay service requirements. To solve the utility maximization problem while dynamically adjusting the weights of the E2E-CECN utility to accommodate the variation of users' service requests, we proposed a reward comparison double deep Q network algorithm to optimize the large timescale joint virtual base station activation and CC-EC scheduling, and a reward comparison deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm to optimize the small timescale allocation of backhaul link capacity (BLC), CC/EC capability and transmission power. Numerical results show that both the high-throughput and low-delay service requirements can be satisfied simultaneously under the reasonable BLC usage and power consumption. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud platforms

A SIMPLE AND SELF-CONTAINED PROOF FOR THE LINDEMANN-WEIERSTRASS THEOREM

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Popescu, Sever Angel Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest Department of Mathematics and Computer Science B-ul Lacul Tei 122 sector 2 Bucharest020396 Romania

The famous result of Lindemann and Weierstrass says that if a1, a2, . . ., an are distinct algebraic numbers, then ea1, ea2, . . ., ean are linearly independent complex numbers over the field of all algebraic numbers. Starting from some basic ideas of Hermite, Lindemann, Hilbert, Hurwitz and Baker, in this note we provide an easy to understand and self-contained proof for the Lindemann-Weierstrass Theorem. In an introductory section we have gathered all the algebraic number theory tools that are necessary to prove the main theorem. All these auxiliary results are fully proved in a simple and elementary way, so that the paper can be read even by an undergraduate *** Codes 11J81 (Primary), 11J99 (Secondary) © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Algebra

Diversity and Multiplexing for Continuous-Aperture Array (CAPA)-Based Communications

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ouyang, Chongjun Wang, Zhaolin Zhang, Xingqi Liu, Yuanwei School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta AB EdmontonT6G 2R3 Canada Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

A general fading model for multipath channels between two non-parallel continuous-aperture arrays (CAPAs) is proposed. Building on this model, the performance of diversity and multiplexing achieved by CAPAs over fading channels is analyzed. i) For multiple-input single-output (MISO) and single-input multiple-output (SIMO) channels, Landau’s eigenvalue theorem is applied to analyze the autocorrelation of the spatial response. Closed-form expressions are derived for the outage probability (OP) and ergodic channel capacity (ECC). Asymptotic analyses in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime are conducted to reveal the maximal achievable diversity and multiplexing gains. The diversity-multiplexing trade-off (DMT) is characterized, along with the array gain within the DMT framework. ii) For multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, a wavenumber-domain-based transmission framework is proposed to leverage the spatial degrees of freedom offered by CAPAs. Asymptotic approximations for the OP and ECC are derived, and the DMT is explored. The performance of CAPAs is further compared with that of conventional spatially-discrete arrays (SPDAs). Analytical and numerical results demonstrate that: i) CAPAs achieve a lower OP and higher ECC than SPDAs;ii) CAPAs achieve the same DMT as SPDAs with antenna spacing no larger than half a wavelength while attaining a higher array gain;and iii) CAPAs outperform SPDAs with antenna spacing greater than half a wavelength in terms of DMT. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

Physical Layer Security for Continuous-Aperture Array (CAPA) Systems

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhao, Boqun Ouyang, Chongjun Zhang, Xingqi Liu, Yuanwei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonABT6G 2R3 Canada School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

A continuous-aperture array (CAPA)-based secure transmission framework is proposed to enhance physical layer security. Continuous current distributions, or beamformers, are designed to maximize the secrecy transmission rate under a power constraint and to minimize the required transmission power for achieving a specific target secrecy rate. On this basis, the fundamental secrecy performance limits achieved by CAPAs are analyzed by deriving closed-form expressions for the maximum secrecy rate (MSR) and minimum required power (MRP), along with the corresponding optimal current distributions. To provide further insights, asymptotic analyses are performed for the MSR and MRP, which reveals that i) for the MSR, the optimal current distribution simplifies to maximal ratio transmission (MRT) beamforming in the low-SNR regime and to zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming in the high-SNR regime;ii) for the MRP, the optimal current distribution simplifies to ZF beamforming in the high-SNR regime. The derived results are specialized to the typical array structures, e.g., planar CAPAs and planar spatially discrete arrays (SPDAs). The rate and power scaling laws are further analyzed by assuming an infinitely large CAPA. Numerical results demonstrate that: i) the proposed secure continuous beamforming design outperforms MRT and ZF beamforming in terms of both achievable secrecy rate and power efficiency;ii) CAPAs achieve superior secrecy performance compared to conventional SPDAs. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Beamforming

Rate-Distortion-Perception Tradeoff for Gaussian Vector Sources

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Qian, Jingjing Salehkalaibar, Sadaf Chen, Jun Khisti, Ashish Yu, Wei Shi, Wuxian Ge, Yiqun Tong, Wen Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering McMaster University HamiltonONL8S 4K1 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Computer Science The University of Manitoba WinnipegR3T 5V6 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Toronto TorontoM5S 3G4 Canada Ottawa Research Center Huawei Technologies OttawaONK2K 3J1 Canada

This paper studies the rate-distortion-perception (RDP) tradeoff for a Gaussian vector source coding problem where the goal is to compress the multi-component source subject to distortion and perception constraints. Specifically, the RDP setting with either the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence or Wasserstein-2 metric as the perception loss function is examined, and it is shown that for Gaussian vector sources, jointly Gaussian reconstructions are optimal. We further demonstrate that the optimal tradeoff can be expressed as an optimization problem, which can be explicitly solved. An interesting property of the optimal solution is as follows. Without the perception constraint, the traditional reverse water-filling solution for characterizing the rate-distortion (RD) tradeoff of a Gaussian vector source states that the optimal rate allocated to each component depends on a constant, called the water level. If the variance of a specific component is below the water level, it is assigned a zero compression rate. However, with active distortion and perception constraints, we show that the optimal rates allocated to the different components are always positive. Moreover, the water levels that determine the optimal rate allocation for different components are unequal. We further treat the special case of perceptually perfect reconstruction and study its RDP function in the high-distortion and low-distortion regimes to obtain insight to the structure of the optimal solution. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Signal distortion

Three-dimensional Chaotic Fractional Maps without Fixed Points: Dynamics, Coexisting Hidden Attractors and Hardware Implementation

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Three-dimensional Chaotic Fractional Maps without Fixed Poin...

2023 International Conference on Fractional Differentiation and Its Applications, ICFDA 2023

作者： Grassi, Giuseppe Khennaoui, Amina Aicha Ouannas, Adel Pham, Viet-Thanh Universita Del Salento Dipartimento Ingegneria Innovazione Lecce Italy University of Constantine 2 Ntic Faculty Tlsi Department Constantine Algeria University of Oum El-Bouaghi Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Algeria Ton DucThang University Nonlinear Systems and Applications Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

ISBN: (纸本)9798350321685

In recent years there has been a great interest in investigating the dynamic properties of fractional systems, described by differential or difference equations of non-integer order. A number of manuscripts have been written regarding the presence of chaos in fractional maps characterized by the existence of both 'self-excited attractors' and 'hidden attractors However, most of the papers have dealt with the underlying theory in chaotic dynamics, rather than the hardware implementation of the maps. Specifically, referring to the realization of fractional maps with 'hidden attractors no paper has been published so far. The paper aims to bridge the gap between theory and implementation by presenting the first example of hardware realization of a three-dimensional (3D) fractional map characterized by coexisting chaotic hidden attractors. The manuscript exploits first the Grunwald-Letnikov fractional difference operator to introduce a new class of chaotic discrete systems without fixed points. Then, the coexistence of several chaotic hidden attractors is shown, along with the coexistence of a number of bifurcations, depending on the values of the initial conditions. Finally, the conceived 3D fractional map is implemented in hardware via a microcontroller. The motivation is to probe the presence of coexisting chaotic hidden attractors in real working systems described by non-integer order difference equations. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Difference equations

Towards 4d Human Video Stylization

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SSRN

SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Tiantian Zuo, Xinxin Mu, Fangzhou Wang, Jian Yang, Ming-Hsuan Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California MercedCA95348 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta EdmontonABT6G 2R3 Canada Computer Sciences Department University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Snap Inc. New YorkNY10036 United States

We present a first step towards 4D (3D space and time) human video stylization, which addresses style transfer, novel view synthesis, and human animation within a unified framework. While numerous video stylization methods have been developed, they are typically restricted to rendering images in specific viewpoints of the input video, lacking the capability to generalize to novel views and novel poses in dynamic scenes. To overcome these limitations, we leverage Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) to represent and stylize videos within a single framework. Our method involves simultaneously representing the human subject and the surrounding scene using two NeRFs. This dual representation facilitates the animation of human subjects across various poses and novel viewpoints. A key innovation is our introduction of a geometry-guided tri-plane representation, which significantly boosts the efficiency and robustness of the feature representation compared to direct tri-plane optimization. Stylization is performed within the NeRF rendered feature space, which can reduce the computational burden compared to applying style transformation to the feature vector of sampled points. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method strikes a superior balance between stylized textures and temporal coherence, surpassing existing approaches. Furthermore, our framework uniquely extends its capabilities to accommodate novel poses and viewpoints, making it a versatile tool for creative human video stylization. The source code and results will be available at this \href{https://***/TiantianWang/4D\_Video\_Stylization}{github site}. The stylized videos are available in this\href{https://***/watch?v=TUAlr60tN6k}{Youtube video}. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Animation

Development of measurement system for subsurface scattering light of skin and analysis of its age-related changes

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Development of measurement system for subsurface scattering ...

Biomedical Imaging and Sensing Conference 2023

作者： Kikuchi, K. Katsuyama, M. Shibata, T. Hardeberg, J.Y. Yuasa, T. Aizu, Y. Shiseido Co. Ltd. MIRAI Technology Institute 1-2-11 Takashima Nishiku Yokohama220-0011 Japan Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Teknologivegen 22 Gjøvik2815 Norway Division of Production Systems Engineering Muroran Institute of Technology 27-1 Mizumoto Muroran Hokkaido050-8585 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781510663435

We have developed a system that separates and measures the optical properties of skin, i.e., the surface reflection, diffuse reflection, and sub-surface scattering components of the skin. This system includes two polarization filters that separate light from the skin into a surface reflection component image and a diffuse reflection component image. Furthermore, by using a projector as a light source and irradiating the skin using a high-frequency binary illumination pattern, the subsurface scattering component image alone can be separated and generated. Using the proposed system, we performed a survey of 154 Japanese women aged from their 20s to their 70s and analyzed age-related changes in the optical properties of their skin. The results revealed the following. First, the luminance value Y of the surface reflection from the cheek and its standard deviation within the analysis area increase with age. Second, the Y value of diffuse reflection from the skin decreases with age. Third, the amount of light in the sub-surface scattering components also decreases with age. The proposed system is expected to have a wide range of applications in the medical and cosmetic fields. © 2023 SPIE.

关键词： Surface scattering

Sums: Sniffing Unknown Multiband Signals Under Low Sampling Rates

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2024年

作者： Peng, Jinbo Chen, Zhe Lin, Zheng Yuan, Haoxuan Fang, Zihan Bao, Lingzhong Song, Zihang Li, Ying Ren, Jing Gao, Yue Fudan University School Of Computer Science Shanghai200438 China King's College London Strand Department Of Engineering LondonWC2R 2LS United Kingdom Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen China University Of Electronic Science And Technology Of China Chengdu China

Due to sophisticated deployments of all kinds of wireless networks (e.g., 5G, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LEO satellite, etc.), multiband signals distribute in a large bandwidth (e.g., from 70 MHz to 8 GHz). Consequently, for network monitoring and spectrum sharing applications, a sniffer for extracting physical layer information, such as structure of packet, with low sampling rate (especially, sub-Nyquist sampling) can significantly improve their cost- and energy-efficiency. However, to achieve a multiband signals sniffer is really a challenge. To this end, we propose Sums, a system that can sniff and analyze multiband signals in a blind manner. Our Sums takes advantage of hardware and algorithm co-design, multi-coset sub-Nyquist sampling hardware, and a multi-task deep learning framework. The hardware component breaks the Nyquist rule to sample GHz bandwidth, but only pays for a 50 MSPS sampling rate. Our multi-task learning framework directly tackles the sampling data to perform spectrum sensing, physical layer protocol recognition, and demodulation for deep inspection from multiband signals. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Sums achieves higher accuracy than the state-of-the-art baselines in spectrum sensing, modulation classification, and demodulation. As a result, our Sums can help researchers and end-users to diagnose or troubleshoot their problems of wireless infrastructures deployments in practice. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Demodulation