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arXiv 2024年

作者： McMahan, Jeremy Wu, Young Chen, Yudong Zhu, Xiaojin Xie, Qiaomin Dept. of Computer Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison United States Dept. of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison United States

We study security threats to Markov games due to information asymmetry and misinformation. We consider an attacker player who can spread misinformation about its reward function to influence the robust victim player's behavior. Given a fixed fake reward function, we derive the victim's policy under worst-case rationality and present polynomial-time algorithms to compute the attacker's optimal worst-case policy based on linear programming and backward induction. Then, we provide an efficient inception ("planting an idea in someone's mind") attack algorithm to find the optimal fake reward function within a restricted set of reward functions with dominant strategies. Importantly, our methods exploit the universal assumption of rationality to compute attacks efficiently. Thus, our work exposes a security vulnerability arising from standard game assumptions under misinformation. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Linear programming

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Cooperation and mental states neurophysiological assessment for pilots' training and expertise evaluation

Cooperation and mental states neurophysiological assessment ...

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2023 IEEE International Workshop on Technologies for Defense and Security, TechDefense 2023

作者： Borghini, Gianluca Giorgi, Andrea Ronca, Vincenzo Mezzadri, Lorenzo Capotorto, Rossella Arico, Pietro Di Flumeri, Gianluca Babiloni, Fabio Sapienza University of Rome Dept. of Molecular Medicine Rome Italy Sapienza University of Rome Dept. of Anatomical Histological Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences Rome Italy Sapienza University of Rome Dept. of Computer Control and Management Engineering Antonio Ruberti Rome Italy Urbe Aero Ato Flight Training School Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350319392

The aim of the study was to validate a methodology for professional pilots' neurophysiological assessment to improve training program tailoring and management. In particular, the assessment focused on quantifying (i) mental workload, (ii) stress level (iii) and the cooperation degree between the two members of the crews. Two groups of pilots were involved in the experiments: Experienced and Unexperienced. Additionally, the Instructor was responsible to provide subjective evaluation about the pilots' mental states and cooperation. During the entire flight simulations, the pilots' brain activity was acquired through the Electroencephalography (EEG). The results demonstrated that it is possible to quantify operators' mental states and degree of cooperation while dealing with flight simulations under realistic settings. Pilots' mental workload and stress behavioral levels resulted to be positively and significantly correlated with the corresponding neurophysiological measurements (all R > 0.6, all p © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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LIDS: Lightweight Dynamic Scheduling Technique for 6G-enabled Massive LoRa based IoT systems

LIDS: Lightweight Dynamic Scheduling Technique for 6G-enable...

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2022 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops, GC Wkshps 2022

作者： Kumbam, Akshitha Choudhury, Nikumani Nasralla, Moustafa M. Birla Institute of Technology & Science Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems Pilani Hyderabad India Prince Sultan University Dept. of Communications & Networks Engineering Riyadh Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665459754

The sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication networks are envisioned to deliver improved Quality of Services (QoS) such as data-rate, latency, localization, etc., compared to 5G services. This demand will mainly arise due to the massive Internet of Things (IoT) connections among billions of embedded devices. It is worth noting that these IoT devices are constrained in nature in terms of memory, computation and most importantly power. Low-power wireless computing necessitates a link-layer technology that considers the aforementioned IoT device requirements such as low-power, low data-rate, long-range and energy efficient reliable communications. Long Range Radio (LoRa) technology has recently become widely popular to facilitate low-power, long-range communication, while other similar technologies struggle to achieve long-range transmissions. The LoRA standard defines several PHY and MAC sub-layer specifications for Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) that can be used to build several IoT applications. With 6G communications, an IoT application is expected to consist of hundreds of devices connected at a time, and this will need a proper scheduling mechanism among these devices for optimal performance. The LoRa standard does not define any scheduling mechanism and leaves it to the research community to explore. In this paper, we propose a distributed scheduling mechanism under the supervision of a common LoRa gateway. The proposed mechanism focuses on a Lightweight DynamicScheduling (LIDS) scheme to minimize loss in data transmissions through collisions. The proposed mechanism optimizes the power consumption to achieve the desired level of QoS requirements such as throughput and latency. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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Computational Thinking and AI Literacy: A Gender-Based Analysis Among Early Learners

Computational Thinking and AI Literacy: A Gender-Based Analy...

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IEEE Education engineering (EDUCON)

作者： Andrea E. Cotino-Arbelo Jezabel Molina-Gil Carina S. González-González Dept. of Computer and Systems Engineering Women Research Studies Institute (of the University of La Laguna) La Laguna Spain

ISBN: (数字)9798331539498

ISBN: (纸本)9798331539504

While women remain underrepresented in STEM fields, our study reveals insights from an overlooked frontier: preschool classrooms. Despite decades of global initiatives aimed at increasing female participation in technology fields, gender-interest stereotypes continue to discourage girls from pursuing computer science careers. Our research challenges these barriers by implementing an innovative educational program integrating Computational Thinking (CT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) literacy. Using a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with $N=114$ preschoolers, we assessed the impact of hands-on activities in algorithms, debugging, and control structures through the TechCheck questionnaire. Our findings challenge prevailing assumptions: while initial CT skills showed no gender disparity (boys M=58.8, girls M=53.95, p=,445), post-intervention results revealed girls significantly outperforming boys (girls M=66.11, boys M=51.61, $p=,022$ ). On the contrary, AI literacy assessments showed complete gender parity (p=,995). These results suggest that early childhood education could be the key to dismantling gender barriers in computer science, demonstrating that when learning environments are equitable, girls not only match but can exceed traditional performance expectations. This study opens new pathways for understanding how early educational interventions can reshape the future of gender equity in STEM fields, beginning with our youngest learners.

关键词： computer science Visualization Educational programs Gender equity engineering profession computer architecture Cultural differences Reliability Artificial intelligence engineering education

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A Variable Step-Size Hybrid Adaptive Nonlinear Filter for Solar Radiation Prediction

A Variable Step-Size Hybrid Adaptive Nonlinear Filter for So...

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International Conference on systems and Informatics (ICSAI)

作者： Y. Xiao L. Ma K. Khorasani Dept. of Management & Information Systems Prefectural University of Hiroshima Hiroshima Japan Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Concordia University Montreal Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798331510138

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510145

In this paper, a new hybrid adaptive nonlinear filter (HANF) scheme with variable step sizes (VSS) is proposed for solar radiation prediction. Our methodology consists of a Volterra filter and a functional link artificial neural network (FLANN) filter. The Volterra filter with the first- and second-order kernels is included, that is capable of expressing both linearity and nonlinearity. The FLANN filter can handle the nonlinearity that may be expressed by higher-order exponential terms that the Volterra filter with a limited number of kernels is unable to deal with. The VSSs are introduced in the two filters to allow the HANF to enjoy desirable tracking capability such that the time-varying nonlinearity underlying the nonlinear phenomena can be detected and tracked. The proposed VSS-HANF is applied to a real hourly solar radiation time sequence to confirm its improved prediction performance as compared to its counterpart with fixed step sizes.

关键词： Accuracy Finite impulse response filters Adaptive filters Weather forecasting Linearity Nonlinear filters Artificial neural networks Solar radiation Kernel Informatics

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An Ising Machine-Based Hybrid Optimization Method Using Constraint Conversion and Correction

An Ising Machine-Based Hybrid Optimization Method Using Cons...

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)

作者： Kinya Iwata Masashi Tawada Nozomu Togawa Dept. of Computer Science and Communications Engineering Waseda University Green Computing Systems Research Organization Waseda University

ISBN: (数字)9798331521165

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521172

This paper proposes an Ising machine-based hy-brid optimization method to solve combinatorial optimization problems, which consists of an approximate formulation process, an annealing process with an Ising machine, and a correction process. The approximate formulation and correction aim to improve the performance of the Ising machine. Computational experiments were conducted on the multi-dimensional knapsack problem (MKP) using an Ising machine. We compare the results with those of the proposed method and the conventional method and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Annealing Optimization methods Consumer electronics

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Robust Active and Reactive Power control by using Single-Phase Grid connected H-Bridge Inverter

Robust Active and Reactive Power Control by using Single-Pha...

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International Smart Grid Workshop and Certificate Program (ISGWCP)

作者： Resul Coteli Korhan Kayisli Ruhi Zafer Caglayan Dept. of Energy Systems Engineering Technology Faculty Firat University Elazig Turkiye Dept. of Electrical- Electronic Engineering Engineering Faculty Gazi University Ankara Turkiye Dept. of Computer Engineering Engineering Faculty TED University Ankara Turkiye

ISBN: (数字)9798350361612

ISBN: (纸本)9798350361629

In a single-phase power network, inverters can be used to control the active and reactive power between sources. This task can be achieved by proper control of the current of the single-phase inverter. The current controllers using dq-frame components have a wide application area because of their superior features such as zero steady-state error and using the DC quantities. In this study, the active and reactive power between sources in a single-phase power system consisting of an AC voltage source and a DC voltage source are controlled via dq-frame based super twisting sliding mode (ST-SMC) current controller. For this aim, a Matlab/Simulink model is constructed. The model includes single phase H-bridge inverter, DC voltage source, AC voltage source, AC load, LCL filter and control unit. Two super twisting sliding mode controllers are used to control d and q-axis currents. Decoupling terms are added to output of each controller for independent control of active and reactive power. The simulation studies are performed to demonstrate the controller's ability to provide/absorb active and reactive power. To demonstrate the ability to provide/absorb active power, the d-axis current command is set to 10 A up to 2 s from the start of the simulation, and then, it is set to – 10 A between 2 s to 4 s. To demonstrate the ability to provide/absorb reactive power, the q-axis current command is set to 10 A up to 2 s from the start of the simulation, and then, it is set to – 10 A between 2 s to 4 s. The simulation results show that the controller provides/absorbs the desired active and reactive power quickly and without steady-state error.

关键词： Reactive power Reactive power control Simulation Inverters Mathematical models Steady-state Smart grids

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Analysis of Defect Associated with Powder Bed Fusion with Deep Learning and Explainable AI 15

Analysis of Defect Associated with Powder Bed Fusion with De...

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15th International Conference on Knowledge and Smart Technology, KST 2023

作者： Pratap, Ayush Sardana, Neha Utomo, Sapdo John, A. Karthikeyan, P. Hsiung, Pao-Ann Indian Institute of Technology Dept. of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Ropar Rupnagar India National Chung Cheng University Grad. Ins. Ambient Intelligence and Smart Systems Chiayi County Taiwan National Chung Cheng University Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chiayi County Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665477123

Research into the detection, classification, and prediction of internal defects using surface morphology data of parts created via powder bed fusion-type additive manufacturing has become a hot topic in the previous decade thanks to the development of deep learning. However, there is no other evidence to evaluate the model other than accuracy and metrics. In this paper, a novel data set is compiled from various literature and other sources to evaluate the black box model using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). The data set contains three major powder bed fusion defects: gas porosity, lack of fusion, and balling. The anomaly was initially found using convolutional neural networks (CNN) and transfer learning. Based on test data, a model comparison was performed to determine the best accuracy and an F1 score. VGG16 has outperformed all other models in terms of accuracy, with an F1 score of 98.6 percent. Further, the model has been compared with the existing state-of-the-art model for classification in the domain of powder bed fusion defects. Finally, VGG16 was employed to interpret and explain the test data set. The LIME explanations revealed that the feature predicted by the model was present in conjunction with the fault. As a result, we are confident that the proposed model with XAI would considerably improve the fairness and trustworthiness of the output result in the powder bed fusion field. This can also aid in the automation of additive manufacturing in the realm of Industry 4.0. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： computer vision

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Optimal control Strategy to Reduce HIV-1 Infection in the Brain

Optimal Control Strategy to Reduce HIV-1 Infection in the Br...

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International Conference on control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT)

作者： Sofia Baiocchi Federica Blengini Francesca Caleno Paolo Di Giamberardino Daniela Iacoviello Dept. of Computer Control and Management Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

The study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and of its progression to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been a challenge by scientists since the early 1980s; the improvements in the knowledge of its transmission and of the evolution of the disease have strongly reduced the mortality, even if up to know an effective vaccine is not available. Nevertheless, the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) allows a high life expectancy. Some of the mechanisms of HIV reproduction are under investigation and recent observations are suggesting the existence of virus reservoir in the brain, the liver, the lungs and the gut. In particular, due to untreated amounts of virus, neurocognitive disorders as well as motor nerves diseases and weakness in muscles are improved in patients already weakened. In this paper it is considered a mathematical modelling to study the within-host viral dynamics, analysing the dynamics of the CD4-T cells, of the macrophages both inside and outside the brain, uninfected and infected, along with the virions carrying on the infection. An optimal control strategy is proposed and implemented,aiming at maximizing the number of healthy cells, while reducing the number of infected ones, scheduling suitably the therapy.

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Evaluation of the Efficiency of Conductor Placement Under Different Types of Pulse Interference in Differential and Common Modes

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Conductor Placement Under Di...

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International Conference on Industrial engineering, Applications and Manufacturing (ICIEAM)

作者： Alexandr M. Lakoza Valerii P. Kosteletskii dept. of Microwave and Quantum Radio Engineering Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics Tomsk Russian Federation

ISBN: (数字)9798350395013

ISBN: (纸本)9798350395020

This paper investigates of the efficiency of using different ways of placing conductors with identical and unequal characteristics before and after switching under different types of pulse disturbances in differential and common modes of influence, obtained on the example of a four-wire modal filter (MF). The results show that the location of the main and redundant conductors in the MF and the type of the interfering signal significantly affect its efficiency. When a digitized interference signal C9-11 is used, an increase in the amplitude at the output of the structure is observed for two configurations in common (by 11.3% and 10.4%, respectively) and one in differential modes (by 18.7%). However, when a bipolar pulse is used, amplitude changes are observed for only one configuration, in differential mode (2.4 % increase). U sing the conductor configurations discussed above can help account for channel degradation due to aging or component wear, allowing prediction of performance degradation in different modes of operation. Switching to the appropriate configuration at the right time allows the performance changes to be compensated for.

关键词： Degradation systems operation Switches Interference Aging Conductors Market research

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