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AAAI-07/IAAI-07 Proceedings: 22nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 19th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference

作者： Kimura, Masahiro Saito, Kazumi Nakano, Ryohei Dept. of Electronics and Informatics Ryukoku University Otsu 520-2194 Japan NTT Communication Science Labs. NTT Corporation Kyoto 619-0237 Japan Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya 466-8555 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)1577353234

We consider the combinatorial optimization problem of finding the most influential nodes on a large-scale social network for two widely-used fundamental stochastic diffusion models. It was shown that a natural greedy strategy can give a good approximate solution to this optimization problem. However, a conventional method under the greedy algorithm needs a large amount of computation, since it estimates the marginal gains for the expected number of nodes influenced by a set of nodes by simulating the random process of each model many times. In this paper, we propose a method of efficiently estimating all those quantities on the basis of bond percolation and graph theory, and apply it to approximately solving the optimization problem under the greedy algorithm. Using real-world large-scale networks including blog networks, we experimentally demonstrate that the proposed method can outperform the conventional method, and achieve a large reduction in computational cost. Copyright © 2007, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Information analysis

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Towards pragmatic patterns for clinical knowledge management 07

Towards pragmatic patterns for clinical knowledge management

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2nd International Conference on the Pragmatic Web: "Building Common Ground on the Web", ICPW '07

作者： Falkman, Göran Gustafsson, Marie Jontell, Mats Torgersson, Olof School of Humanities and Informatics University of Skövde P.O. Box 408 SE-541 28 Skövde Sweden Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden Institute of Odontology Sahlgrenska Academy Göteborg University P.O. Box 450 SE-405 30 Göteborg Sweden Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Göteborg University SE-412 96 Gteborg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781595938596

We present a research program for identifying, modeling, and making use of generic pragmatic patterns for clinical knowledge management that support evidence-based medicine (EBM). Part of this program is SOMWeb, a system based on Semantic Web technologies, which is used for knowledge sharing and dissemination within an oral medicine community. A study of the use of SOMWeb has been conducted as the first step in the elicitation of important contextual factors and communicative activities involved in knowledge sharing processes in oral medicine. One such activity, community discussion activation, is described using consultation patterns together with the collaboration patterns of [5]. The general need for context-aware health information systems and the prospective use of approaches within Pragmatic Web in the pursuit of EBM are also discussed. Copyright 2007 ACM.

关键词： Semantic Web

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Word sense disambiguation using inductive logic programming

Word sense disambiguation using inductive logic programming

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16th International Conference of Inductive Logic Programming, ILP 2006

作者： Specia, Lucia Srinivasan, Ashwin Ramakrishnan, Ganesh Das Graças Volpe Nunes, Maria ICMC University of São Paulo Trabalhador São-Carlense 400 São Carlos 13560-970 Brazil IBM India Research Laboratory Indian Institute of Technology Block 1 New Delhi 110016 India Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Centre for Health Informatics University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783540738466

The identification of the correct sense of a word is necessary for many tasks in automatic natural language processing like machine translation, information retrieval, speech and text processing. Automatic Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is difficult and accuracies with state-of-the art methods are substantially lower than in other areas of text understanding like part-of-speech tagging. One shortcoming of these methods is that they do not utilize substantial sources of background knowledge, such as semantic taxonomies and dictionaries, which are now available in electronic form (the methods largely use shallow syntactic features). Empirical results from the use of Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) have repeatedly shown the ability of ILP systems to use diverse sources of background knowledge. In this paper we investigate the use of ILP for WSD in two different ways: (a) as a stand-alone constructor of models for WSD;and (b) to build interesting features, which can then be used by standard model-builders such as SVM. In our experiments we examine a monolingual WSD task using the 32 English verbs contained in the SENSEVAL-3 benchmark data;and a bilingual WSD task using 7 highly ambiguous verbs in machine translation from English to Portuguese. Background knowledge available is from eight sources that provide a wide range of syntactic and semantic information. For both WSD tasks, experimental results show that ILP-constructed models and models built using ILP-generated features have higher accuracies than those obtained using a state-of-the art feature-based technique equipped with shallow syntactic features. This suggests that the use of ILP with diverse sources of background knowledge can provide one way for making substantial progress in the field of automatic WSD. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

关键词： Logic programming

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Multimodal fusion for cued Speech language recognition

Multimodal fusion for cued Speech language recognition

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European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)

作者： Savvas Argyropoulos Dimitrios Tzovaras Michael G. Strintzis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki GR Informatics and Telematics Institute Centre for Research and Technology Hellas Thermi-Thessaloniki Hellas Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Hellas

In this paper, a novel method for Cued Speech language recognition is proposed. A multimodal processing framework is developed for the efficient fusion of the modalities under consideration. The robust feature extraction from the audio, lip shape and gesture modalities is also discussed. Moreover, the inherent correlation among the signals is modelled using a modified Coupled Hidden Markov Model. The contribution of each modality to the fused decision is modified by assessing its reliability and assigning a weighting factor to improve the accuracy of the recognized words. The method is experimentally evaluated and is shown to outperform methods that rely only on the perceivable information to infer the transmitted messages.

关键词： Speech recognition Shape Speech Hidden Markov models Feature extraction Reliability Gesture recognition

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NORMALIZED SI CORRECTION FOR HUE-PRESERVING COLOR IMAGE ENHANCEMENT

NORMALIZED SI CORRECTION FOR HUE-PRESERVING COLOR IMAGE ENHA...

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2007 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics(IEEE第六届机器学习与控制论国际会议)

作者： DONG YU LI-HONG MA HAN-QING LUU GD Key Lab.of Computer Network Dept.of Electronic Engineering South China University of Technology GD Key Lab.of Computer Network Dept.of Electronic Engineering South China University of Technology National Lab.of Pattern Recognition Inst.of Automation Chinese Academy Of Sciences Beijing China

We examine the issue of color distortion after enhancement in this study and proposed an algorithm named normalized SI correction to correct intensity and saturation components based on their *** previous research, this paper wants to emphasize on a general correction method suitable for different kind of *** start with a general introduction to the HSV color ***, we go deep into the relationship between intensity and *** on the relationship we conclude, we propose our algorithm in detail and test the algorithm with different kind of *** results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can correct the color distortion caused by the enhancement without reducing the visual effect and it is especially useful for images with rich colors and local high component values.

关键词： Visual information processing Color image enhancement Saturation correction Intensity correction Normalization Hue preserving HSV color space

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PerfCenter: A Methodology and Tool for Performance Analysis of Application Hosting Centers

PerfCenter: A Methodology and Tool for Performance Analysis ...

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International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS)

作者： R. P. Verlekar V. Apte P. Goyal B. Aggarwal Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai Maharashtra India Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng. Indian Inst. of Technol. Bombay Mumbai

We present a tool, PerfCenter, that takes as input the deployment, configuration, message flow and workload details of the hardware and software servers in an application hosting center, and predicts the performance of the applications. We allow for a hierarchical specification of the data center, where software is deployed on machines, machines consist of hardware devices and are deployed on LANs. We also explicitly model network links between LANs and model the contention at those links due to messages exchanged between servers. While tools and methodologies for such analysis have been proposed earlier, our approach allows for the most natural specification of a "data center" architecture, and is best suited for aiding in design decisions regarding deployment and configuration of software on various hardware architecture scenarios. The tool takes this high level input and generates the underlying queueing network, which is then solved analytically. Since we allow for synchronous method calls, and model contention at software as well as hardware resources, the generated queueing network is solved using approximate methods. We validate the solution against results obtained from a measurement testbed, and found that the predicted values were reasonably accurate.

关键词： Performance analysis Hardware Application software Software tools Network servers computer architecture Software performance Queueing analysis Synchronous generators Testing

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Runtime reconfiguration of a modular mobile robot with serial and parallel mechanisms

Runtime reconfiguration of a modular mobile robot with seria...

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2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： H. X. Zhang S.Y. Chen W. Wang J. W. Zhang G. H. Zong Institute of Technical Aspects of Multimodal Systems Department of Computer Science University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany Dept of Informatics University of Hamburg Germany College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou China Robotic Institute School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beijing Aeronautics and Astronautics University Beijing China Cognitive Technology Laboratory Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Shenzhen China

This paper presents a novel field robot JL-I based on a reconfigurable concept for urban search and rescue applications. The robot consists of three identical modules; each module is an entire robotic system that can perform distributed activities. It features three-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) active joints actuated by serial and parallel mechanisms for changing shape and flexible docking mechanism. The docking mechanism enables adjacent modules to connect or disconnect flexibly and automatically. DOF analysis, working space analysis and the kinematics of the 3D active joint between connected modules are studied thoroughly. In the end a series of successful tests confirm the principles and the robot's capabilities.

关键词： Runtime Mobile robots Orbital robotics Robotics and automation Space technology Intelligent robots Kinematics Testing Prototypes Accidents

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Construction of the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese and annotation techniques

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Journal of the National institute of Information and Communications technology 2007年第3期54卷 5-14页

作者： Uchimoto, Kiyotaka Isahara, Hitoshi Takanashi, Katsuya Takeuchi, Kazuhiro Nobata, Chikashi Morimoto, Ikuyo Yamada, Atsushi Computational Linguistic Group Knowledge Creating Communication Research Center Academic Center for Computing and Media Studies Kyoto University School of Computer Science University of Manchester Advanced Software Technology and Mechatronics Research Institute of Kyoto Dept. of Engineering Informatics Osaka Elmectro-Communication University School of Low and Politics Kwansei Gakuin University

This paper describes annotations for the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese. The information we annotated to the corpus includes morphemes, clause units, dependency structures, summaries, and discourse structures. They are integrated in the form of XML. Morphological information was semi-automatically annotated to the transcribed text by reducing the human labor cost within the framework of morphological annotation that we proposed. Next, clause unites were detected based on the morphological information as basic units for our annotation. Then, dependency structures, summaries, discourse structures were annotated based on the clause units.

关键词： Information technology

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Using a Grid Platform for Enabling Real Time User Modeling in On-line Campus

Using a Grid Platform for Enabling Real Time User Modeling i...

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International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems, CISIS

作者： Santi Caballe Fatos Xhafa Thanasis Daradoumis Joan Esteve Leonard Barolli Arjan Durresi Universitat Oberta de Catalunya Barcelona Catalunya ES Dept. of Languages and Informatics Systems Polytechnic University of Catalonia Barcelona Spain Department of Computer Science Multimedia and Telecommunication Open University of Catalonia Barcelona Spain Department of Information and Communication Engineering Fukuoka Institute of Technology (FIT) Higashi-ku Fukuoka Japan Department of Computer Science Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

User modelling in on-line distance learning is an important research field focusing on two important aspects: describing and predicting students' actions and intentions as well as adapting the learning process to students' features, habits, preferences, and so on. The aim is to greatly stimulate and improve the learning experience. Indeed, on the one hand, students' intentions may change during the realization of learning activities and thus their actions evolve accordingly as the learning process moves forward. On the other hand, adaptive systems can effectively plan and design appropriate learning tasks according to students' features, habits and interests with the aim of facilitating the achievement of the learning goal. In this context, user modelling implies a continuous processing and analysis of user interaction data during long-term learning activities, which produces large and considerably complex information. As a consequence, processing this information is costly and could require computational capacity beyond that of a single computer. In this paper, we show how a grid approach can considerably decrease the processing time of log data of on-line distance educational Web-based systems. Our prototype is based on the master-worker paradigm and is implemented using a peer-to-peer platform running on the Planetlab nodes. The results of our study show the feasibility of using grid middleware to speed and scale up the processing of log data and thus achieve an efficient and dynamic user modeling in on-line distance learning

关键词： computer aided instruction Adaptive systems computer science Predictive models Context modeling Information analysis Peer to peer computing Software systems Application software Usability

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PastryStrings: A comprehensive content-based publish/subscribe DHT network

PastryStrings: A comprehensive content-based publish/subscri...

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26th IEEE Internationa26th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, ICDCS 2006

作者： Aekaterinidis, Ioannis Triantafillou, Peter RA Computer Technology Institute Dept. of Computer Engineering and Informatics University of Patras Greece

ISBN: (纸本)0769525407

In this work we propose and develop a comprehensive infrastructure, coined PastryStrings, for supporting rich queries on both numerical (with range, and comparison predicates) and string attributes, (accommodating equality, prefix, suffix, and containment predicates) over DHT networks utilising prefix-based routing. As event-based, publish/subscribe information systems are a champion application class, we formulate our solution in terms of this environment. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Distributed computer systems

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