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Lecture Notes in computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2003年 2778卷 670-680页

作者： Kim, Chang Hoon Kwon, Soonhak Kim, Jong Jin Hong, Chun Pyo Dept. of Computer and Information Engineering Daegu University Jinryang Kyungsan 712-714 Korea Republic of Dept. of Mathematics Inst. of Basic Science Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)3540408223

This paper proposes a new arithmetic unit (AU) in GF(2m) for reconfigurable hardware implementation such as FPGAs, which overcomes the well-known drawback of reduced flexibility that is associated with traditional ASIC solutions. The proposed AU performs both division and multiplication in GF(2m). These operations are at the heart of elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECC). Analysis shows that the proposed AU has significantly less area complexity and has roughly the same or lower latency compared with some related circuits. In addition, we show that the proposed architecture preserves a high clock rate for large m (up to 571), when it is implemented on Altera's EP2A70F1508C-7 FPGA device. Furthermore, the new architecture provides a high flexibility and scalability with respect to the field size in, since it does not restrict the choice of irreducible polynomials and has the features of regularity, modularity, and unidirectional data flow. Therefore, the proposed architecture is well suited for both division and multiplication unit of ECC implemented on FPGAs. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003.

关键词： Reconfigurable hardware

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Pulse baseline wander removal using wavelet approximation

Pulse baseline wander removal using wavelet approximation

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computers in Cardiology (CinC)

作者： K.Q. Wang L.S. Xu L. Wang Z.G. Li Y.Z. Li Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng. Harbin Inst. of Technol. China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China

Pulse waveform is the key to the traditional Chinese pulse diagnosis. However, its baseline wander introduced in the acquisition may result in misdiagnosis. What's more, recent advancements in the pulse variability analysis require more accuracy of baseline estimation. In this paper, a wavelet based cascaded adaptive filter (CAF) was presented to remove this drift. The CAF works in two stages. The first stage is a discrete Meyer wavelet approximation and the second stage is a cubic spline estimation. The experimental results on 50 simulated and 200 real pulse signals demonstrate the powerful effect of CAF both in removing the baseline wander and in preserving the diagnostic information of pulse waveform, comparing with some traditional methods, such as cubic spline estimation, morphology filter and linear-phase FIR least-squares-error digital filter. In addition, this CAF is easy to be accomplished and needs no prior knowledge on pulse and its baseline drift.

关键词： Finite impulse response filter Spline Wiener filter Morphology Digital filters Modems Signal processing Adaptive filters Cutoff frequency Fluctuations

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A scenario for a web-based radiation treatment planning structure: A new tool for quality assurance procedure?

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technology and Health Care 2003年第2期11卷 105-114页

作者： Kouloulias, Vassilis E. Ntasis, E. Poortmans, Ph. Maniatis, T.A. Nikita, K.S. Europ. Org. Res./Treatm. of Cancer Data Center Radiotherapy Group B1200 Brussels Av. Mounier 83 Belgium Inst. of Commun./Computer Systems Natl. Technical University of Athens Zografou Athens Iroon Polytechniou 9 Greece Dr. Bernard Verbeeten Instituut Department of Radiotherapy Tilburg Netherlands Inst. of Comp./Communication Systems Dept. of Elec./Computer Engineering Natl. Technical University of Athens Zografos 15773 Athens 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street Greece

The desire to develop web-based platforms for remote collaboration among physicians and technologists is becoming a great challenge. In this paper we describe a web-based radiotherapy treatment planning (WBRTP) system to facilitate decentralized radiotherapy services by allowing remote treatment planning and quality assurance (QA) of treatment delivery. Significant prerequisites are digital storage of relevant data as well as efficient and reliable telecommunication system between collaborating units. The system of WBRTP includes video conferencing, display of medical images (CT scans, dose distributions etc), replication of selected data from a common database, remote treatment planning, evaluation of treatment technique and follow-up of the treated patients. Moreover the system features real-time remote operations in terms of tele-consulting like target volume delineation performed by a team of experts at different and distant units. An appraisal of its possibilities in quality assurance in radiotherapy is also discussed. As a conclusion, a WBRTP system would not only be a medium for communication between experts in oncology but mainly a tool for improving the QA in radiotherapy.

关键词： Radiotherapy Treatment planning Web-based telemedicine

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Performance analysis of diversity combining method for OFDM blind carrier synchronization

Performance analysis of diversity combining method for OFDM ...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular technology (VTC)

作者： P.J. Honan R. Ambati U. Tureli Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ USA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken NJ US Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Stevens Inst. of Technol. Hoboken NJ USA

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communications transform frequency selective channels into multiple low rate subchannels robust against.frequency selective fading. Carrier frequency offset (CFO) between transmitter and receiver local oscillators must be estimated and compensated at the receiver to maintain orthogonality of these subchannels. It's necessary to reduce the frequency offset to a small fraction of the sub-channel signaling rate for reliable communications. A diversity branch weighted nonlinear least squares (NLS) estimator was proposed by the authors for carrier offset estimation. Here, various diversity combining methods are studied; e.g. we prove estimator facilitates maximal ratio combining (MRC) by simply weighting each receive branch proportional to it's respective signal to noise ratio (SNR). Numerical and experimental results against.Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) verifying these results are presented.

关键词： Diversity reception Performance analysis Diversity methods OFDM Frequency estimation Signal to noise ratio Frequency synchronization Robustness Fading Transmitters

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Steganalysis of Audio Based on Audio Quality Metrics

Steganalysis of Audio Based on Audio Quality Metrics

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Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents V

作者： Özer, Hamza Avcibaş, Ismail Sankur, Bülent Memon, Nasir Department of Electrical Engineering Boǧaziçi University Bebek Istanbul Turkey Dept. of Electronics Engineering Uludaǧ University Görükle Bursa Turkey Department of Computer Science Polytechnic University Brooklyn NY United States Natl. Res. Inst. of Electron./C. Marmara Research Center Gebze Turkey

Classification of audio documents as bearing hidden information or not is a security issue addressed in the context of steganalysis. A cover audio object can be converted into a stego-audio object via steganographic methods. In this study we present a statistical method to detect the presence of hidden messages in audio signals. The basic idea is that, the distribution of various statistical distance measures, calculated on cover audio signals and on stego-audio signals vis-à-vis their denoised versions, are statistically different. The design of audio steganalyzer relies on the choice of these audio quality measures and the construction of a two-class classifier. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can be used to detect the presence of hidden messages in digital audio data.

关键词： Digital watermarking

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Applying Scattering Theory to Robot Audition System: Robust Sound Source Localization and Extraction

Applying Scattering Theory to Robot Audition System: Robust ...

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2003 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： Nakadai, Kazuhiro Matsuura, Daisuke Okuno, Hiroshi G. Kitano, Hiroaki Honda Res. Inst. Japan Co. Ltd. 8-1 Honcko Wako-shi Saitama 351-0114 Japan Grad. Sch. of Sci. and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Dept. of Intell. Sci. and Technology Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University Kitano Symbiotic Systems Project ERATO Japan Science and Technology Corp.

Robot audition by its own ears (microphones) is essential for natural human-robot communication and interface. Since a microphone is embedded in the head of a robot, the head-related transfer function (HRTF) plays an important role in sound source localization and extraction. Usually, from binaural input, the interaural phase difference (IPD) and interaural intensity difference (IID) are calculated, and then the direction is determined by using IPD and IID with HRTF. The problem of HRTF-based sound source localization is that a HRTF should be measured for each robot in an anechoic chamber, because it depends on the shape of robot's head;HRTF should be interpolated to manipulate a moving talker, because it is available only for discrete azimuth and elevation. To cope with these problems of HRTF, we proposed the auditory epipolar geometry as a continuous function of IPD and IID to dispense with HRTF and have developed a real-time multiple-talker tracking system. This auditory epipolar geometry, however, does not give a good approximation to IID of all range and IPD of peripheral areas. In this paper, the scattering theory in physics is employed to take into consideration the diffraction of sounds around robot's head for better approximation of IID and IPD. The resulting system shows that it is efficient for localization and extraction of sound at higher frequency and from side directions.

关键词： Intelligent robots

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A preferred link based multicast protocol for wireless mobile ad hoc networks

A preferred link based multicast protocol for wireless mobil...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： R.S. Sisodia I. Karthigeyan B.S. Manoj C.S.R. Murthy Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai India Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai Tamil Nadu IN Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng. Indian Inst. of Technol. Madras India

Existing multicast routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks can be broadly classified into two categories, tree based protocols and mesh based protocols. Mesh based protocols have high packet delivery ratio compared to tree based protocols, but incur more control overhead. The packet delivery ratio of tree based protocols decreases with increasing mobility. This is due to the occurrence of frequent tree breaks and lack of proper tree maintenance mechanisms. These tree breaks result in frequent flooding of JoinQuery packets by the multicast group member nodes which try to get re-connected to the tree. These broadcast packets collide with the data packets and reduce the efficiency of the protocol. We propose an efficient protocol which we call as preferred link based multicast protocol (PLBM). PLBM uses a preferred link approach for forwarding JoinQuery packets. Subsets of neighbors of a node are selected using a preferred link based algorithm. These nodes, termed as preferred nodes, are only eligible for further forwarding of JoinQuery packets. We also propose a quick link break detection mechanism that locally repairs broken links. Simulation results show that our protocol performs better than other existing multicast protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio and control overhead.

关键词： Multicast protocols Mobile ad hoc networks Routing protocols Classification tree analysis Broadcasting Mobile communication Bandwidth Network topology computer science Multicast algorithms

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CMOS differential pair transconductor with active-error feedback

CMOS differential pair transconductor with active-error feed...

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IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS)

作者： S. Szczepanski K. Slawomir R. Schaumann Faculty of Electronics Telecommunications and Informatics Gdansk University of Technology Gdansk Poland Inst. of Telecommun. Tech. Univ. Gdansk Poland Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland OR USA

A linearization method based on the active-error feedback concept is presented for the design of highly linear, CMOS differential pair transconductor. The proposed circuit implementation combines a conventional source-coupled differential pair with a simple error amplifier in negative feedback path. As a result, improved linearity of the developed transconductor is obtained. SPICE simulations show that for 0.5/spl mu/m HP AMOS14TB process (MOSIS) with a /spl plusmn/2.5V power supply, total harmonic distortion (THD) at 1.2V/sub PP/ is less then 0.15% in comparison to 1.85% without linearization.

关键词： Transconductors Transfer functions Voltage Transconductance Feedback circuits Linearity Differential equations Circuit topology Output feedback informatics

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Photochemical deposition of ZnS thin films by pulsed illumination

Photochemical deposition of ZnS thin films by pulsed illumin...

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World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion

作者： R. Kobayashi N. Sato M. Ichimura E. Arai Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Aichi Japan Nagoya Kogyo Daigaku Nagoya Aichi JP Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Nagoya Inst. of Technol. Aichi Japan

We prepared ZnS thin films by photochemical deposition (PCD) using continuous and pulsed illumination. The aqueous solution containing ZnSO/sub 4/, Na/sub 2/S/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ was illuminated with light from a high-pressure mercury lamp. When the illumination was continuous, the deposited film was black and not transparent. But pulsed illumination made the deposited film white and transparent. And the film deposited by pulsed illumination has photosensitivity.

关键词： Photochemistry Zinc compounds Sputtering Lighting Semiconductor films Substrates Electrodes Lamps Photovoltaic cells Electrons

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Product sustainability improvement based on performance of product components

Product sustainability improvement based on performance of p...

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IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment

作者： G. Meimei Mengchu Zhou Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. New Jersey Inst. of Technol. Newark NJ USA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Multi-lifecycle Engineering Research Center New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA

The sustainability target method (STM) provides a practical sustainability target for individual businesses and products through determining the relative indicator resource productivity (RP) for environmental performance and the absolute indicator eco-efficiency (EE) for sustainability. This paper investigates an optimal decision making approach for a company to improve its product's sustainability using the STM indicators RP and EE of the product components. Sensitivity analysis is used to provide a methodology to indicate which components should receive attention to make the overall product more sustainable. The feasibility of the approach is validated using a case study of a generalized product consisting of multiple components, which relates easily to circuit board assemblies and other types of electronic products.

关键词： Production Sensitivity analysis Productivity Companies Sustainable development Power generation economics Economic indicators Environmental economics Virtual reality Printed circuits

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