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Flowchart tutoring system with error diagnostic capabilities using program slicing

SYSTEMS AND computerS IN JAPAN 1996年第13期27卷 86-98页

作者： Okada, S Fujiwara, Y Matsunishi, T Ohkama, H Department of Computer Sciences Faculty of Engineering Kitami Institute of Technology Kitami 090 Japan Kitami Inst. Technol. Electron. Eng. Dept. of Information Engineering Kitami Institute Department of Computer Sciences Kitami Institute Inst. Electronics Info. Commun. E. Info. Processing Society of Japan Department of Computer Sciences Kitami Institute of Technology Hokkaido University Japan NTT Kitami Institute of Technology IEEE ACM Japan. Soc. for Artif. Intelligence

For creation of a good program, excellent structured description is required for the algorithm. In this paper, a flowchart tutoring system is proposed. This system supports the flowchart description by each student and diagnoses its validity in the programming exercise process. First, a cooperative distributed method to support the flowchart description using the hierarchical structure of the structured programming is shown. A hierarchical diagnosis method consisting of syntax, logical structure and semantic validity diagnosis is explained. Algorithms using program slicing are proposed for the semantic validity diagnosis.

关键词： flowchart structured programming blackboard model program slicing

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Neural networks for ultrasonic grain size discrimination

Neural networks for ultrasonic grain size discrimination

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IEEE Symposium (IUS) Ultrasonics

作者： M. Unluturk J. Saniie Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Illinois Inst. of Technol. Chicago IL USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL USA

In this study, we have developed the grain power spectrum neural network (GPSNN) to classify the ultrasonic backscattered grain signals for material characterization. The GPSNN has 32 input nodes, 13 hidden neurons determined adaptively, and one summing output node. A set of 4490 training sequences is utilized to train the neural network. A new set of 12572 testing sequences is used to test GPSNN performance. The samples tested for grain size discrimination are steel with grain sizes of 14 and 50 microns. GPSNN achieves an average recognition performance of over 98%. This high level of recognition suggests that the GPSNN is a promising method for ultrasonic nondestructive testing.

关键词： Neural networks Grain size Rayleigh scattering Acoustic scattering Testing Signal design Neurons Microstructure Frequency estimation Ultrasonic variables measurement

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Comparison of two architectures for implementation of the discrete cosine transform

Comparison of two architectures for implementation of the di...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： I. Sundsbo G. Lokken Hansen E.J. Aas Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Norwegian Inst. of Technol. Trondheim Norway Geometri USA Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Norwegian Institute of Technology USA

A new DCT architecture developed by Mou and Jutand (1991) is compared to an architecture based on distributed arithmetic with ROMs realized as random logic. Both architectures have been implemented in 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and optimized with different constraints on area and timing. The results reveal that for HDTV applications the design with distributed arithmetic is superior, with lower power consumption and less than half the chip area.

关键词： Discrete cosine transforms Arithmetic computer architecture Encoding Matrix decomposition CMOS technology HDTV Energy consumption Image coding computer science

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Fractional wave packet transform

Fractional wave packet transform

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IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop

作者： Ying Huang B. Suter Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Air Force Inst. of Technol. Wright-Patterson AFB OH USA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Air Force Institute of Technology OH USA

ISBN: (纸本)0780336291

The short-time Fourier transform (STFT), or windowed Fourier transform, is the most widely used method in signal processing. We introduce the concept of the fractional wave packet transform (FRWPT), based on the idea of the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) and wave packet transform (WPT). We show a version of the resolution of the identity and some properties of FRWPT connected with those of the FRFT and WPT.

关键词： Fourier transforms Continuous wavelet transforms Frequency Kernel Signal processing Wavelet analysis Chirp Signal resolution Wavelet transforms Energy resolution

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Minimization of beam squint in microstrip reflectarrays using an offset feed

Minimization of beam squint in microstrip reflectarrays usin...

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Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium

作者： S.D. Targonski D.M. Pozar Dept. of Commun. & Electron. Eng. R. Melbourne Inst. of Technol. Vic. Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA USA

Microstrip reflectarrays utilize the advantages of planar antenna technology in providing an alternative to parabolic reflectors. The main barrier to implementing a microstrip reflectarray in many applications where reflectors have traditionally been used is that the gain bandwidth is typically only 5 percent (defined for a 1 dB drop from peak gain) for a microstrip reflectarray. Factors that limit reflectarray gain bandwidth are discussed. Reflectarrays can be designed with a prime focus feed, or an offset feed. Using a prime focus feed is the most straightforward approach, however this configuration results in aperture blockage effects. Also, in reflectarrays which are scanned off broadside, beam squint with frequency will occur for a prime focus feed. The offset feed is more attractive in that aperture blockage effects are minimized, at the expense of a slightly more complicated design and analysis procedure. A further advantage is that the effect of beam squint with frequency can be greatly minimized by choosing the correct offset position. In this paper a comparison of beam squint in prime focus and offset fed microstrip reflectarrays is investigated. A simple criterion for minimizing beam squint with frequency is presented, and results from an analysis of a linear reflectarray are discussed.

关键词： Feeds Frequency Bandwidth Apertures Collimators Microstrip antennas Planar arrays Application software Delay Geometry

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Spreading codes for wireless spread spectrum communications

Spreading codes for wireless spread spectrum communications

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： K. Hetling G. Saulnier P. Das Dept. of Electr. Comput. & Syst. Eng. Rensselaer Polytech. Inst. Troy NY USA Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA

Spread spectrum techniques are often utilized when designing wireless communication systems. The success of a spread spectrum system depends greatly upon the spreading codes employed by the transmitters. In this paper, a novel approach to the generation of spreading codes is examined. In particular, spreading codes are generated as the impulse responses of a multirate subband filter bank. A methodology is presented for designing the filter banks such that the resulting spreading codes have properties which are desirable in a multiuser wireless communications environment. Several examples are given for different types of commonly encountered interference sources. Results are then generated which compare the newly developed spreading codes to more traditional spreading techniques.

关键词： Wireless communication Spread spectrum communication Interference Fading Frequency Bandwidth Time division multiple access Filter bank Delay Coherence

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Control distributed parameter systems with orthogonal neural network learning

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Informatica 1996年第4期7卷 431-454页

作者： Garliauskas, Algis Gupta, Madan M. Inst. of Mathematics and Informatics 2600 Vilnius Akademijos 4 Lithuania University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Sask. S7N 5A9 Canada Computer Center Dept. of the USSR Acad. of Sciences Novosibirsk Russian Federation Laboratory of Neuroinformatics Instit. Math. and Inform. Lithuania Birla Engineering College Pilani India University of Warwick United Kingdom Department of Engineering Ctr. Excellence on Neuro-Vis. Res. University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Sask. Canada Intelligent Syst. Res. Laboratory Ctr. Excellence on Neuro-Vis. Res. University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Sask. Canada

Adaptive Control Distributed Parameter Systems (ACDPS) with adaptive learning algorithms based on orthogonal neural network methodology are presented in this paper. We discuss a modification of orthogonal least squares learning to find appropriate efficient algorithms for solution of ACDPS problems. A two times problem linked with the real time of plant control dynamic processes and the learning time for adjustment of parameters in adaptive control of unknown distributed systems is discussed. The simulation results demonstrate that the orthogonal learning algorithms on a neural network concept allow to find perfectly tracked output control distributed parameters in ACDPS and have rather a good perspective in the development of generalised ACDSP theory and practice in the future.

关键词： Adaptive control Distributed parameter system Nonlinear control Orthogonal neural network learning

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Adaptive soft limiter bootstrap separator for one-shot asynchronous CDMA channel with singular partial cross-correlation matrix

Adaptive soft limiter bootstrap separator for one-shot async...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： N. Sezgin Y. Bar-Ness Center for Communications and Signal Processing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ USA New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ US Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. New Jersey Inst. of Technol. Newark NJ USA

The adaptive bootstrap separator has been shown to perform better than the conventional decorrelation detector when used for synchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) channels, or with a one-shot matched filter bank for asynchronous channels when the cross-correlation of the partial sequences is nonsingular. In the later case, however, when the "partial cross-correlation" is singular, the separator weights fail to converge. We propose the use of a soft-limiting decision inst.ad of a hard limiter for controlling the adaptive weights of the separator. We show that the algorithm weights converge, provided that the limiting threshold is not zero or not very large. Due to analytical difficulties, the actual steady state weights are not found, but are shown to exist. Simulation results support these claims. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the adaptive soft limiter bootstrap separator are also found by simulation and compared to the performance of the conventional decorrelator that uses the pseudoinverse of the cross-correlation matrix.

关键词： Particle separators Decorrelation Multiaccess communication Bit error rate Detectors Matched filters Weight control Programmable control Adaptive control Steady-state

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A hypermedia-based design image database system using a perceptional link method

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Journal of Management Information Systems 1996年第3期13卷 25-43页

作者： Shibata, Y. Fukuda, M. Katsumoto, M. University of California Los Angeles CA United States Computer Science Department United States Bell Communication Research United States Dept. of Info. and Computer Science Toyo University Japan ACM Info. Processing Society of Japan Inst. Electron. Commun. Eng. Japan Japan Toyo University Japan Department of Electrical Engineering IPSJ Japan Communication Research Laboratory Japan. Min. P. and Telecommunication Japan IPSJ IEICE IEEE Computer Society Japan

We introduce a hypermedia-based distributed design image database system that can provide simple and flexible user access capabilities based on the "kansei" link method. As proof of this concept, we have developed a prototype distributed multimedia information network incorporating the DHS model. Dubbed the Textile Design Image Database System (TDIDS), this database aids designers using apparel computer-aided design (CAD) systems in different locations, collaborating or working separately, in the design of clothes, including kimonos. Our purpose has been to create a database that will allow each designer to make the best use of his or her creativity and originality-his or her "style and sensitivity to beauty," or, in Japanese, kansei. In our hypermedia system, "metanodes" are defined as abstract nodes that are dynamically organized by multimedia objects, while "metalinks" are defined as flexible kansei links. Metanodes and metalinks are combined to organize a dynam ic hypermedia space from which users can easily retrieve desired design image objects by querying a knowledge agent. The knowledge agent, utilizing the knowledge base, creates links from kansei word objects provided by the user to suitable design image objects among those stored on multimedia databases distributed across the network. The knowledge agent also performs query conversion of individual users' subjective kansei (idiosyncratic, subjective use of kansei words) into objective kansei words using each user's own "user model," These objective kansei words are then converted to equivalent color values. Color value is the means by which all stored design images are characterized. This dynamic linking of kansei word objects to equivalent design images allows individual users' kansei to influence the retrieval process. The sophisticated and flexible CAD systems of the future will require multimedia database systems with cooperative supporting capabilities similar to our kansei system.

关键词： Design databases Hypermedia Image datatbases Perceptional retrieval

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Benchmarking implementations of functional languages with 'Pseudoknot', a float-intensive benchmark

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Journal of Functional Programming 1996年第4期6卷 621-655页

作者： Hartel, Pieter H. Feeley, Marc Alt, Martin Augustsson, Lennart Baumann, Peter Beemster, Marcel Chailloux, Emmanuel Flood, Christine H. Grieskamp, Wolfgang Van Groningen, John H. G. Hammond, Kevin Hausman, Bogumil Ivory, Melody Y. Jones, Richard E. Kamperman, Jasper Lee, Peter Leroy, Xavier Lins, Rafael D. Loosemore, Sandra Röjemo, Niklas Serrano, Manuel Talpin, Jean-Pierre Thackray, Jon Thomas, Stephen Walters, Pum Weis, Pierre Wentworth, Peter Department of Computer Systems University of Amsterdam 1098 SJ Amsterdam Kruislaan 403 Netherlands Dept. d'Informatique et R.o. Université de Montréal Montréal Que. H3C 3J7 succursale centre-ville Canada Informatik Universität des Saarlandes 66041 Saarbrücken 11 Germany Department of Computer Systems Chalmers University of Technology 412 96 Göteborg Sweden Department of Computer Science University of Zurich 8057 Zurich Winterthurerstr. 190 Switzerland LIENS URA 1327 du CNRS Ecl. Normale Supérieure 75230 Paris Cédex 05 45 rue d'Ulm France Laboratory for Computer Science MIT Cambridge MA 02139 545 Technology Square United States Berlin University of Technology 10587 Berlin Franklinstr. 28-29 Germany Fac. of Math. and Computer Science Univ. of Nijmegen 6525 ED Nijmegen Toernooiveld 1 Netherlands Department of Computing Science Glasgow University Glasgow G12 8QQ 17 Ulybank Gardens United Kingdom Computer Science Lab. Box 1505 S-125 25 Älvsjö Sweden Computer Research Group Inst. for Sci. Computer Research Lawrence Livermore Natl. Laboratory Livermore CA 94550 P.O. Box 808 L-419 United States Department of Computer Science University of Kent at Canterbury Canterbury Kent CT2 7NF United Kingdom CWl 1098 SJ Amsterdam Kruislaan 413 Netherlands Department of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 5000 Forbes Avenue United States INRIA Rocquencourt Projet Cristal 78153 Le Chesnay B.P. 105 France Departamento de Informática Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife PE Brazil Department of Computer Science Yale University New Haven CT United States INRIA Rocquencourt Projet Icsla 78153 Le Chesnay B.P. 105 France Europ. Comp.-Indust. Research Centre D-81925 Munich Arabella Straße 17 Germany Harlequin Ltd. Barrington Hall Barrington Cambridge CB2 5RG United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom Department of Computer Science Rhodes University Grahamstown

Over 25 implementations of different functional languages are benchmarked using the same program, a floating-point intensive application taken from molecular biology. The principal aspects studied are compile time and execution time for the various implementations that were benchmarked. An important consideration is how the program can be modified and tuned to obtain maximal performance on each language implementation. With few exceptions, the compilers take a significant amount of time to compile this program, though most compilers were faster than the then current GNU C compiler (GCC version 2.5.8). Compilers that generate C or Lisp are often slower than those that generate native code directly: the cost of compiling the intermediate form is normally a large fraction of the total compilation time. There is no clear distinction between the runtime performance of eager and lazy implementations when appropriate annotations are used: lazy implementations have clearly come of age when it comes to implementing largely strict applications, such as the Pseudoknot program. The speed of C can be approached by some implementations, but to achieve this performance, special measures such as strictness annotations are required by non-strict implementations. The benchmark results have to be interpreted with care. Firstly, a benchmark based on a single program cannot cover a wide spectrum of 'typical' applications. Secondly, the compilers vary in the kind and level of optimisations offered, so the effort required to obtain an optimal version of the program is similarly varied.

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