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作者： Thomas, Liya Shaffer, Clifford A. Mili, Lamine Thomas, Ed Computer Sci. Dept. Virginia Tech. Blacksburg VA Electrical Engineering Dept. Advanced Research Inst. Virginia Tech Northern Campus Arlington VA USDA Forest Serv. Princeton WV

We have developed an automated detection algorithm that identifies severe external defects on the surfaces of barked hardwood logs and stems. To summarize the main defect features and to build our defect knowledge base, we measured, photographed, and categorized hundreds of real log defect samples. Three-dimensional laser-scanned range data captured the external log shapes and showed bark pattern, defective knobs, and depressions. Severe defects were identified via the analysis of 3-D log data using decision rules derived from analysis of the knowledge base. Defects were detected by examining contour curves generated from radial distances determined by robust 2-D circle fitting to the log-data cross sections. There were a total of 68 severe defects, of which 63 were correctly identified. There were 10 nondefective regions falsely identified as defects. © Forest Products Society 2007.

关键词： Hardwoods

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Extracting influential nodes for information diffusion on a social network

Extracting influential nodes for information diffusion on a ...

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AAAI-07/IAAI-07 Proceedings: 22nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 19th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference

作者： Kimura, Masahiro Saito, Kazumi Nakano, Ryohei Dept. of Electronics and Informatics Ryukoku University Otsu 520-2194 Japan NTT Communication Science Labs. NTT Corporation Kyoto 619-0237 Japan Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya 466-8555 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)1577353234

We consider the combinatorial optimization problem of finding the most influential nodes on a large-scale social network for two widely-used fundamental stochastic diffusion models. It was shown that a natural greedy strategy can give a good approximate solution to this optimization problem. However, a conventional method under the greedy algorithm needs a large amount of computation, since it estimates the marginal gains for the expected number of nodes influenced by a set of nodes by simulating the random process of each model many times. In this paper, we propose a method of efficiently estimating all those quantities on the basis of bond percolation and graph theory, and apply it to approximately solving the optimization problem under the greedy algorithm. Using real-world large-scale networks including blog networks, we experimentally demonstrate that the proposed method can outperform the conventional method, and achieve a large reduction in computational cost. Copyright © 2007, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Information analysis

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Construction of the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese and annotation techniques

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Journal of the National inst.tute of Information and Communications technology 2007年第3期54卷 5-14页

作者： Uchimoto, Kiyotaka Isahara, Hitoshi Takanashi, Katsuya Takeuchi, Kazuhiro Nobata, Chikashi Morimoto, Ikuyo Yamada, Atsushi Computational Linguistic Group Knowledge Creating Communication Research Center Academic Center for Computing and Media Studies Kyoto University School of Computer Science University of Manchester Advanced Software Technology and Mechatronics Research Institute of Kyoto Dept. of Engineering Informatics Osaka Elmectro-Communication University School of Low and Politics Kwansei Gakuin University

This paper describes annotations for the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese. The information we annotated to the corpus includes morphemes, clause units, dependency structures, summaries, and discourse structures. They are integrated in the form of XML. Morphological information was semi-automatically annotated to the transcribed text by reducing the human labor cost within the framework of morphological annotation that we proposed. Next, clause unites were detected based on the morphological information as basic units for our annotation. Then, dependency structures, summaries, discourse structures were annotated based on the clause units.

关键词： Information technology

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Towards pragmatic patterns for clinical knowledge management 07

Towards pragmatic patterns for clinical knowledge management

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2nd International Conference on the Pragmatic Web: "Building Common Ground on the Web", ICPW '07

作者： Falkman, Göran Gustafsson, Marie Jontell, Mats Torgersson, Olof School of Humanities and Informatics University of Skövde P.O. Box 408 SE-541 28 Skövde Sweden Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden Institute of Odontology Sahlgrenska Academy Göteborg University P.O. Box 450 SE-405 30 Göteborg Sweden Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Göteborg University SE-412 96 Gteborg Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781595938596

We present a research program for identifying, modeling, and making use of generic pragmatic patterns for clinical knowledge management that support evidence-based medicine (EBM). Part of this program is SOMWeb, a system based on Semantic Web technologies, which is used for knowledge sharing and dissemination within an oral medicine community. A study of the use of SOMWeb has been conducted as the first step in the elicitation of important contextual factors and communicative activities involved in knowledge sharing processes in oral medicine. One such activity, community discussion activation, is described using consultation patterns together with the collaboration patterns of [5]. The general need for context-aware health information systems and the prospective use of approaches within Pragmatic Web in the pursuit of EBM are also discussed. Copyright 2007 ACM.

关键词： Semantic Web

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An integrated image fusion technique for boosting the quality of noisy remote sensing images

An integrated image fusion technique for boosting the qualit...

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24h National Radio Science Conference, NRSC 2007

作者： Nasr, M.E. Elkaffas, S.M. El-Tobely, T.A. Ragheb, A.M. Abd El-Samie, F.E. Electronic and Communication Engineering Department Tanta University Egypt Info. Tech. Dept. Inst. of Graduate Studies and Research Alexandria University Egypt Computer and Automatic Control Department Tanta University Egypt Communication Department Menofia University Egypt

To better identify the objects in remote sensing images, the multispectral images with high spectral resolution and low spatial resolution, and the panchromatic images with high spatial resolution and low spectral resolution need to be fused. Many fusion techniques are discussed in the recent years to obtain images with high spectral resolution and also high spatial resolution. In this paper an image fusion technique, based on integrating both the Intensity-Hue-Saturation (IHS) and the Discrete Wavelet Frame Transform (DWFT), is proposed for boosting the quality of remote sensing images. A panchromatic and multispectral image from Landsat-7(ETM+) satellite has been fused using this new approach. Experimental results show that the proposed technique improves the spectral and spatial qualities of the fused images. Moreover, when this technique is applied to noisy and de-noised remote sensing images it can preserve the quality of the fused images. Comparison analyses between different fusion techniques are also presented and show that the proposed technique outperforms the other techniques.

关键词： Image fusion

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Dynamic Interactions Between Goals and Beliefs

Dynamic Interactions Between Goals and Beliefs

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Formal Models of Belief Change in Rational Agents 2007

作者： Shapiro, Steven Brewka, Gerhard University of Toronto Dept. of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering 5 King’s College Road TorontoONM5S 3G8 Canada University of Leipzig Computer Science Inst. Augustusplatz 10–11 Leipzig04109 Germany

Shapiro et al. [1,2], presented a framework for representing goal change in the situation calculus. In that framework, agents adopt a goal when requested to do so (by some agent reqr), and they remain committed to the goal unless the request is cancelled by reqr. A common assumption in the agent theory literature, e.g., [3,4], is that achievement goals that are believed to be impossible to achieve should be dropped. In this paper, we incorporate this assumption into Shapiro et al.’s framework, however we go a step further. If an agent believes a goal is impossible to achieve, it is dropped. However, if the agent later believes that it was mistaken about the impossibility of achieving the goal, the agent might readopt the goal. In addition, we consider an agent’s goals as a whole when making them compatible with their beliefs, rather than considering them individually. © Formal Models of Belief Change in Rational Agents *** right reserved.

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PerfCenter: A Methodology and Tool for Performance Analysis of Application Hosting Centers

PerfCenter: A Methodology and Tool for Performance Analysis ...

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International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS)

作者： R. P. Verlekar V. Apte P. Goyal B. Aggarwal Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai Maharashtra India Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Eng. Indian Inst. of Technol. Bombay Mumbai

We present a tool, PerfCenter, that takes as input the deployment, configuration, message flow and workload details of the hardware and software servers in an application hosting center, and predicts the performance of the applications. We allow for a hierarchical specification of the data center, where software is deployed on machines, machines consist of hardware devices and are deployed on LANs. We also explicitly model network links between LANs and model the contention at those links due to messages exchanged between servers. While tools and methodologies for such analysis have been proposed earlier, our approach allows for the most natural specification of a "data center" architecture, and is best suited for aiding in design decisions regarding deployment and configuration of software on various hardware architecture scenarios. The tool takes this high level input and generates the underlying queueing network, which is then solved analytically. Since we allow for synchronous method calls, and model contention at software as well as hardware resources, the generated queueing network is solved using approximate methods. We validate the solution against.results obtained from a measurement testbed, and found that the predicted values were reasonably accurate.

关键词： Performance analysis Hardware Application software Software tools Network servers computer architecture Software performance Queueing analysis Synchronous generators Testing

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Word sense disambiguation using inductive logic programming

Word sense disambiguation using inductive logic programming

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16th International Conference of Inductive Logic Programming, ILP 2006

作者： Specia, Lucia Srinivasan, Ashwin Ramakrishnan, Ganesh Das Graças Volpe Nunes, Maria ICMC University of São Paulo Trabalhador São-Carlense 400 São Carlos 13560-970 Brazil IBM India Research Laboratory Indian Institute of Technology Block 1 New Delhi 110016 India Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Centre for Health Informatics University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9783540738466

The identification of the correct sense of a word is necessary for many tasks in automatic natural language processing like machine translation, information retrieval, speech and text processing. Automatic Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is difficult and accuracies with state-of-the art methods are substantially lower than in other areas of text understanding like part-of-speech tagging. One shortcoming of these methods is that they do not utilize substantial sources of background knowledge, such as semantic taxonomies and dictionaries, which are now available in electronic form (the methods largely use shallow syntactic features). Empirical results from the use of Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) have repeatedly shown the ability of ILP systems to use diverse sources of background knowledge. In this paper we investigate the use of ILP for WSD in two different ways: (a) as a stand-alone constructor of models for WSD;and (b) to build interesting features, which can then be used by standard model-builders such as SVM. In our experiments we examine a monolingual WSD task using the 32 English verbs contained in the SENSEVAL-3 benchmark data;and a bilingual WSD task using 7 highly ambiguous verbs in machine translation from English to Portuguese. Background knowledge available is from eight sources that provide a wide range of syntactic and semantic information. For both WSD tasks, experimental results show that ILP-constructed models and models built using ILP-generated features have higher accuracies than those obtained using a state-of-the art feature-based technique equipped with shallow syntactic features. This suggests that the use of ILP with diverse sources of background knowledge can provide one way for making substantial progress in the field of automatic WSD. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

关键词： Logic programming

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Multimodal fusion for cued Speech language recognition

Multimodal fusion for cued Speech language recognition

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European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)

作者： Savvas Argyropoulos Dimitrios Tzovaras Michael G. Strintzis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki GR Informatics and Telematics Institute Centre for Research and Technology Hellas Thermi-Thessaloniki Hellas Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Hellas

In this paper, a novel method for Cued Speech language recognition is proposed. A multimodal processing framework is developed for the efficient fusion of the modalities under consideration. The robust feature extraction from the audio, lip shape and gesture modalities is also discussed. Moreover, the inherent correlation among the signals is modelled using a modified Coupled Hidden Markov Model. The contribution of each modality to the fused decision is modified by assessing its reliability and assigning a weighting factor to improve the accuracy of the recognized words. The method is experimentally evaluated and is shown to outperform methods that rely only on the perceivable information to infer the transmitted messages.

关键词： Speech recognition Shape Speech Hidden Markov models Feature extraction Reliability Gesture recognition

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A Head Scheduling Scheme for Heterogeneous Clustered Sensor Networks

A Head Scheduling Scheme for Heterogeneous Clustered Sensor ...

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International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCom)

作者： Jun Wang Zheng-Kun Mi Jun-Yuan Xie Dept. of Computer Science Nanjing University Nanjing P.R.China Inst. of Communication and Information Engineering Nanjing Univ. of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing P.R.China

Organizing wireless sensor networks into clusters enables the efficient utilization of the limited energy resources of the deployed sensor nodes. If the network is organized into heterogeneous clusters, where some more powerful nodes take on the cluster head role to control network operation, it is important to ensure that energy dissipation of these cluster heads and "critical sensor nodes" is balanced. We propose a Cluster Head Scheduling scheme to determine which cluster head should be turned off or on. The proposed mechanism is based on the coverage information as well as residual battery power, which can lead to more uniform energy dissipation among cluster head nodes and critical sensor nodes, thus increasing network lifetime. Moreover, the proposed scheme strengthens the robustness of heterogeneous sensor networks .

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Hardware Energy dissipation Batteries Robustness Base stations Processor scheduling Power engineering and energy computer science Energy resources

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