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Prognostic Survival Analysis for AD Diagnosis and Progression Using MRI Data: An AI-Based Approach

IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 89059-89078页

作者： Deenadayalan, T. Shantharajah, S.P. Vellore Institute of Technology School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore India

Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neuro-degenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia, marked by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes. Despite advancements in medical imaging and Artificial Intelligence (AI), early detection and accurate prognostic modeling remain challenging, particularly in distinguishing overlapping disease stages. This study proposes a novel AI framework combining EfficientNetB0, a state-of-the-art deep learning model, with dual attention mechanisms for robust feature extraction and survival analysis using the Alzheimer’s MRI dataset hosted on the Kaggle platform. The model was trained and evaluated on a balanced dataset of 6,400 MRI images, classified into 4 AD stages: Non-Demented (NoD), very Mild-Demented (vMiD), Mild-Demented (MiD), and Moderate-Demented (MoD). The pre-processing steps, including resizing, normalization, and data augmentation, ensured robustness and generalizability. The framework achieved classification accuracies of 99. 93% (training), 93. 60% (validation) and 93. 59% (testing), with a perfect Concordance Index of 1.0 for survival predictions, demonstrating its ability to accurately rank survival times. By integrating survival analysis with deep learning, the framework addresses limitations in previous work, such as reliance on linear assumptions and limited classification capabilities, and provides actionable insights for clinical workflows, supporting personalized treatment and early intervention strategies. Future work will focus on integrating longitudinal data, exploring time-dependent co-variates, and enhancing explainability to promote adoption in diverse clinical settings. This approach represents a significant advancement in AI-driven diagnosis and progression modeling of AD, with the potential to transform patient care and outcomes. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Deep Learning-Driven Edge-Enabled Serverless Architectures for Animal Emotion Detection

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第7期49卷 33-48页

作者： Benedict, Shajulin Subair, Rubiya Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology Kottayam Kerala India Technical University Munich Garching Germany

Animal emotion detection, including elephant emotions, is highly possible, but what the traditional emotion detection approaches highlight is their blatant ignorance of adopting edge-enabled intelligence and serverless-based solutions, both of which are affordable. Treating the emotions of animals increases their productivity, especially among trained elephants when subjected to carrying logs or undertaking gargantuan tasks. However, existing infrastructures are inefficient in handling long-running animal emotion detection-related tasks. This article proposes a deep learning-driven edge-enabled serverless architecture after evaluating several existing animal emotion detection techniques. Additionally, we perform an exploratory study on the cost impact of incorporating serverless-enabled approaches to animal emotion detection architectures. We observed that the proposed edge-enabled serverless architectures saved over 13,000 dollars annually compared to traditional animal emotion detection approaches. In addition, the article provided a few research directions to develop novel edge-enabled serverless architectures that boost socio-economic situations while avoiding human-animal conflicts. © 2025 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Invertebrates

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Clustering and Artificial Intelligence-based Prediction of Ecologically Sustainable Species Introductions

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer Science 2025年第4期52卷 1159-1168页

作者： Liu, Shuqiao Zhang, Zhao Zhou, Hongyan Chen, Xue-Bo School of Electronic and Information Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China

There is a growing interest in sustainable ecosystem development, which includes methods such as scientific modeling, environmental assessment, and development forecasting and planning. However, due to insufficient survey data in many current development areas, development progress is delayed and stagnant. To address this situation, this paper proposes a SWOT-TOPSIS-K-Means (STK) data analysis and evaluation model to analyze ecological factors, which can realize a comprehensive and complete data analysis with fewer samples. Decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network models were constructed from the results of this analysis, and statistical tests such as r-squared, mean absolute error, and cross-validation are used to further confirm the performance efficiency of the computational prediction models to provide real-time prediction research solutions. For this purpose, data from research scholars on species introduction in ecosystem development were selected for testing. The results show that the proposed assessment model and modeling results satisfy all accuracy-related acceptance requirements. Among them, MLP is better than DT and RF. In summary, the STK assessment model and the MLP prediction model can provide a basis for the selection and development of ecological factors. © (2025), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Prediction models

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A robust visual information hiding framework based on HVS pixel adaptive alpha blending (HPAAB) technique

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第14期84卷 13959-13982页

作者： Panda, Bishwabara Nayak, Manas Ranjan Mallick, Pradeep Kumar Basu, Abhishek School of Computer Engineering KIIT Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar India Department of ECE RCC Institute of Information Technology Kolkata India

The popularity of the Internet and digital consumer gadgets has fundamentally changed our society and daily lives by making digital data collection, transmission, and storage exceedingly easy and convenient. However, protecting these data and preventing unauthorized changes is an important task. This challenge has arisen in several domains, including copyright protection, content authentication, information concealment, and protected communications. Several academics have developed digital watermarking algorithms to solve this issue, aiming to implant hidden data (a watermark) in digital material to affix a mark on or seal the digital data content. The proposed approach builds a spatial domain image watermarking approach using entropy, a spectral residual pixel-based saliency map, and alpha blending. This method states that the value of entropy improves the concealing capacity. To increase imperceptibility, a spectral residual-based saliency map is used to discover less visible portions of the input images and progressively incorporate more information based on entropy data. Any modifications made other than those detectable regions will be less noticeable to viewers since they result from saliency, which decides which elements of an image are the most visible from a visual perspective. Lastly, utilizing the quality criteria, the mechanism's capability is analyzed for numerous existing frameworks. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Entropy

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BEDiff: denoising diffusion probabilistic models for building extraction

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第5期21卷 298-305页

作者： LEI Yanjing WANG Yuan CHAN Sixian HU Jie ZHOU Xiaolong ZHANG Hongkai College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering College of Computer and Information China Three Gorges University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Informatics for Safety & Emergency of Zhejiang Province Wenzhou University College of Electrical and Information Engineering Quzhou University School of Electronic and Information Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University

Accurately identifying building distribution from remote sensing images with complex background information is challenging. The emergence of diffusion models has prompted the innovative idea of employing the reverse denoising process to distill building distribution from these complex backgrounds. Building on this concept, we propose a novel framework, building extraction diffusion model(BEDiff), which meticulously refines the extraction of building footprints from remote sensing images in a stepwise fashion. Our approach begins with the design of booster guidance, a mechanism that extracts structural and semantic features from remote sensing images to serve as priors, thereby providing targeted guidance for the diffusion process. Additionally, we introduce a cross-feature fusion module(CFM) that bridges the semantic gap between different types of features, facilitating the integration of the attributes extracted by booster guidance into the diffusion process more effectively. Our proposed BEDiff marks the first application of diffusion models to the task of building extraction. Empirical evidence from extensive experiments on the Beijing building dataset demonstrates the superior performance of BEDiff, affirming its effectiveness and potential for enhancing the accuracy of building extraction in complex urban landscapes.

关键词： A

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A Package Level Regression Test Selection Approach for Java Software Systems

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 87848-87861页

作者： Al-Refai, Mohammed Hammad, Mahmoud M. Faculty of Computer and Information Technology Computer Science Department Jordan university of science and technology P.O. Box 3030 Irbid22110 Jordan Ajman University Department of Information Technology Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology Ajman United Arab Emirates Jordan University of Science and Technology Faculty of Computer and Information Technology Software Engineering Department P.O. Box 3030 Irbid22110 Jordan

Regression testing of software systems is an important and critical activity but can be expensive and resource-intensive. An approach to enhance its efficiency is Regression Test Selection (RTS), which selectively re-executes a subset of relevant tests that are impacted by code modifications. Previous studies on static and dynamic RTS for Java software have shown that selecting tests at the class level is more effective than using finer granularities like methods or statements. Nevertheless, RTS at the package level, which is a coarser granularity than class level, has not been thoroughly investigated or evaluated for Java projects. To address this gap, we propose PKRTS, a static package-level RTS approach that utilizes the structural dependencies of the software system under test to construct a package-level dependency graph. PKRTS analyzes dependencies in the graph and identifies relevant tests that can reach modified packages, i.e., packages containing altered classes. In contrast to conventional static RTS techniques, PKRTS implicitly considers dynamic dependencies, such as Java reflection and virtual method calls, among classes belonging to the same package by treating all those classes as a single cohesive node in the dependency graph. We evaluated PKRTS on 885 revisions of 9 open-source Java projects, with its performance compared to Ekstazi, a state-of-the-art dynamic class-level approach, and STARTS, a state-of-the-art static class-level approach. We used Ekstazi as the baseline to measure the safety and precision violations of PKRTS and STARTS. The results indicated that PKRTS outperformed static class-level RTS in terms of safety violation, which measures the extent to which relevant test cases are missed. PKRTS showed an average safety violation of 2.29%, while STARTS recorded 5.94%. Despite this, PKRTS demonstrated lower average precision violation than class-level RTS, as it selected a higher number of irrelevant test cases. The average reduction in te

关键词： Java programming language

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HViTML: Hybrid vision transformer with machine learning-based classification model for glaucomatous eye

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-24页

作者： Singh, Piyush Bhushan Singh, Pawan Dev, Harsh Batra, Devanshu Chaurasia, Brijesh Kumar Department of Information Technology Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Babu Banarasi Das University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology Uttar Pradesh Kanpur India

Glaucoma is currently one of the most significant causes of permanent blindness. Fundus imaging is the most popular glaucoma screening method because of the compromises it has to make in terms of portability, size, and cost. In recent years, convolution neural networks (CNNs) have revolutionized computer vision. Convolution is a "local" CNN technique that is only applicable to a small region surrounding an image. Vision Transformers (ViT) use self-attention, which is a "global" activity since it collects information from the entire image. As a result, the ViT can successfully gather distant semantic relevance from an image. This study examined several optimizers, including Adamax, SGD, RMSprop, Adadelta, Adafactor, Nadam, and Adagrad. With 1750 Healthy and Glaucoma images in the IEEE fundus image dataset and 4800 healthy and glaucoma images in the LAG fundus image dataset, we trained and tested the ViT model on these datasets. Additionally, the datasets underwent image scaling, auto-rotation, and auto-contrast adjustment via adaptive equalization during preprocessing. The results demonstrated that preparing the provided dataset with various optimizers improved accuracy and other performance metrics. Additionally, according to the results, the Nadam Optimizer improved accuracy in the adaptive equalized preprocessing of the IEEE dataset by up to 97.8% and in the adaptive equalized preprocessing of the LAG dataset by up to 92%, both of which were followed by auto rotation and image resizing processes. In addition to integrating our vision transformer model with the shift tokenization model, we also combined ViT with a hybrid model that consisted of six different models, including SVM, Gaussian NB, Bernoulli NB, Decision Tree, KNN, and Random Forest, based on which optimizer was the most successful for each dataset. Empirical results show that the SVM Model worked well and improved accuracy by up to 93% with precision of up to 94% in the adaptive equalization preprocess

关键词： Decision trees

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Prediction of banana leaf disease by intelligent algorithm through digital image using neural network technique

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-17页

作者： Nagu, Bharathiraja Kaur, Gaganpreet Shanmugavelu, Murugesan M.R.M, Veeramanickam Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India Department of Information Technology Tagore Engineering College Tamil Nadu Chennai India Apex Institute of Technology-Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh University Punjab India

A lot of research shows that there could be several reasons why the duality of agricultural products has been reduced. Plant diseases make up one of the most important components of this quality. Therefore, the reduction of plant diseases allows for much higher product quality. The automated diagnosis of plant diseases using CNN techniques is presented in this article. The simple approach alters the 25 color channels and 24H histograms. The Banana Leaf Disease Detection Technique (BLDDT), which uses two attention mechanisms to assess, identify and categorize traits, was also suggested in this research. In the analysis phase, the testing carried out using the reference information reveals that the disease, detection system may be reasonably more appropriate than the current techniques because it both identifies and diagnoses the diseased/infected areas. The researchers were able to identify Esca, black decay, and isariopsis ––––with a 99.93% accuracy level using the suggested disease detector. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Adaptive isomap feature extractive gradient deep belief network classifier for diabetic retinopathy identification

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第9期84卷 6349-6370页

作者： Singh, Alka Kumar, Rakesh Gandomi, Amir H. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur India Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology University of Technology Sydney SydneyNSW Australia Óbuda University Budapest1034 Hungary

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an infection that bases eternal visualization loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. With DR, the glucose level in the blood increases, as well as its viscosity, this results in fluid leakage into surrounding tissues in the retina. In other words, DR represents the pathology of capillaries and venules in the retina with leakage effects, being the main acute retinal disorder caused by diabetes. Many DR detection methods have been previously discussed by different researchers;however, accurate DR detection with a reduced execution time has not been achieved by existing methods. The proposed method, the Shape Adaptive box linear filtering-based Gradient Deep Belief network classifier (SAGDEB) Model, is performed to enhance the accuracy of DR detection. The objective of the SAGDEB Model is to perform an efficient DR identification with a higher accuracy and lower execution time. This model comprises three phases: pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The shape adaptive box linear filtering image pre-processing is carried out to reduce the image noise without removing significant parts of image content. Then, an isomap geometric feature extraction is performed to compute features of different natures, like shape, texture, and color, from the pre-processed images. After that, the Adaptive gradient Tversky Deep belief network classifier is to perform classification. The deep belief network is probabilistic and generative graphical model that consists of multiple layers such as one input unit, three hidden units, and one output unit. The extracted image featuresare considered in the input layer and these images are sent to hidden layers. Tversky similarity index is applied in hidden layer 1 to analyze the extracted features with testing features. Regarding the similarity value, the sigmoid activation function is determined in hidden layer 2 so different levels of DR can be identified. Finally, the adaptive gradient method is

关键词： Feature extraction

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Advanced perspectives on big data security: Navigating challenges in cloud computing 4th

Advanced perspectives on big data security: Navigating chall...

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4th International Conference on Computational Methods in Science and technology, ICCMST 2024

作者： Verma, Richa Bhatt, Ravindara Department of Computer Engineering Jaypee University of Information Technology Solan India

ISBN: (纸本)9781032911571

Recent years have seen the rise of big data workflow management solutions as widespread data analytic platforms for handling massive amounts of data in the cloud. However, keeping information private and ensuring the integrity of workflow applications is still a major and difficult issue. This document reviews and organizes research on large data workflow management privacy and security breaches and remedies. In this case, data encryption is utilized to safeguard information at rest and in transit. These points of view would allow researchers to better comprehend crucial research areas and create novel approaches. according to research question improve parameters of security by proposed approach. In this paper review of different workflows and security issue in cloud and other frame works © 2025 the Author(s).

关键词： Cloud security

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