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Spatial attention-based hybrid VGG-SVM and VGG-RF frameworks for improved cotton leaf disease detection

Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第14期37卷 8309-8329页

作者： Pandiyaraju, V. Anusha, B. Senthil Kumar, A.M. Jaspin, K. Venkatraman, Shravan Kannan, A. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Marian Engineering College Trivandram Kerala Trivandrum India Department of Computer Science and Engineering St. Joseph’s Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of Information Science and Technology College of Engineering Guindy Anna University Tamil Nadu Chennai India

The agriculture industry's production and food quality have been impacted by plant leaf diseases in recent years. Hence, it is vital to have a system that can automatically identify and diagnose diseases at an initial stage for enhancing the quality of agricultural output and also for stopping the overall plant extinction. Most state-of-the-art methods do not provide appropriate accuracy of identification when the similarity among different diseases is higher and the input leaf images have complex background. In this work, a transfer learning-based automated crop disease recognition system is proposed to handle this problem. The cotton leaf disease detection framework being proposed here includes two key stages: (1) the feature extraction stage, where the convolutional neural network (CNN) model from the visual geometry group (VGG-16) is employed to obtain the deep features from cotton leaf images with complex background. (2) Cotton leaf disease detection stage: Here, the extracted optimal features are input to the machine learning classifiers, namely random forest (RF) and nonlinear support vector machine (SVM), for the initial classification of the diseases. For providing an optimal cotton crop disease detection performance, Kaggle’s four-class cotton disease dataset with complex background is chosen in this work. For the final decision making and analysis, two hybrid models named spatial attention-based hybrid VGG-RF and hybrid VGG-SVM have been proposed in this work for enhancing the decision accuracy. These hybrid models offered an average accuracy of approximately 98.29% and 99.31%, respectively, which is higher than the accuracy provided by the related work. This proved that the proposed hybrid model, namely spatial attention-based VGG-SVM and VGG-RF models, with spatial attention outperformed the state-of-the-art classifiers. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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A Riccati Matrix Equation Solver Design Based Neurodynamics Method and Its Application

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IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and engineering 2025年 22卷 15163-15176页

作者： Xiao, Pingdan Fang, Junjie Wei, Zhengmiao Dong, Yu Du, Sichun Wen, Shiping Hong, Qinghui Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Changsha418002 China University of Technology Sydney Australian AI Institute Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology UltimoNSW2007 Australia

Riccati matrix equation (RME), a critical nonlinear matrix equation in autonomous driving and deep learning. However, memory-compute separation in traditional solving systems leads to latency and inefficiency when solving nonlinear equations, particularly under real-time requirements. Existing hardware lacks dedicated accelerators for RME, no specialized solvers quick addressing its nonlinear complexity. To address this issue, we propose a novel RME solver based on a memristive array, which leverages the parallel and fast computing advantages of analog circuits to quickly solve any order RME. Inspired by Neurodynamics for non-linear matrix equations, we first introduce an innovative Neurodynamics-based RME solving algorithm specifically designed from an analog circuit perspective. Based on this algorithm, we constructed a pioneering closed-loop analog circuit solver, overcoming bottlenecks in using circuits for such nonlinear matrix equations. Our evaluation demonstrates that the proposed solver achieves over 90% accuracy for a 128th-order parameter Riccati matrix equation. Compared to traditional digital processors, the solver offers significant energy efficiency advantages and is three orders of magnitude faster than CPU. Additionally, the solver successfully accelerates our proposed dung beetle optimizer-linear quadratic control algorithm for vehicle suspension control, achieving high precision while significantly reducing time and energy consumption compared to CPU and GPU. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Riccati equations

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Blockchain-based knowledge-aware semantic communications for remote driving image transmission

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Digital Communications and Networks 2025年第2期11卷 317-325页

作者： Yangfei Lin Tutomu Murase Yusheng Ji Wugedele Bao Lei Zhong Jie Li Department of Computer and Network Engineering University of Electro-Communications Information Technology Center Nagoya University National Institute of Informatics(NII) Hohhot Minzu College Toyota Motor Corporation Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University

Remote driving, an emergent technology enabling remote operations of vehicles, presents a significant challenge in transmitting large volumes of image data to a central server. This requirement outpaces the capacity of traditional communication methods. To tackle this, we propose a novel framework using semantic communications, through a region of interest semantic segmentation method, to reduce the communication costs by transmitting meaningful semantic information rather than bit-wise data. To solve the knowledge base inconsistencies inherent in semantic communications, we introduce a blockchain-based edge-assisted system for managing diverse and geographically varied semantic segmentation knowledge bases. This system not only ensures the security of data through the tamper-resistant nature of blockchain but also leverages edge computing for efficient management. Additionally, the implementation of blockchain sharding handles differentiated knowledge bases for various tasks, thus boosting overall blockchain efficiency. Experimental results show a great reduction in latency by sharding and an increase in model accuracy, confirming our framework's effectiveness.

关键词： Semantic communication Remote driving Semantic segmentation Blockchain Knowledge base management

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An overview on IRS-enabled sensing and communications for 6G: architectures, fundamental limits, and joint beamforming designs

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Science China(information Sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 170-193页

作者： Xianxin SONG Yuan FANG Feng WANG Zixiang REN Xianghao YU Ye ZHANG Fan LIU Jie XU Derrick Wing Kwan NG Rui ZHANG Shuguang CUI School of Science and Engineering (SSE) Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen)and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Computer School Beijing Information Science and Technology University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore

This study presents an overview on intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)-enabled sensing and communication for the forthcoming sixth-generation(6G) wireless networks, in which IRSs are strategically deployed to proactively reconfigure wireless environments to improve both sensing and communication(S&C) performance. First, we exploit a single IRS to enable wireless sensing in the base station's(BS's) non-line-of-sight(NLoS) area. In particular, we present three IRS-enabled NLoS target sensing architectures with fully-passive, semi-passive, and active IRSs, respectively. We compare their pros and cons by analyzing the fundamental sensing performance limits for target detection and parameter estimation. Next, we consider a single IRS to facilitate integrated sensing and communication(ISAC), in which the transmit signals at the BS are used for achieving both S&C functionalities, aided by the IRS through reflective beamforming. We present joint transmit signal and receiver processing designs for realizing efficient ISAC, and jointly optimize the transmit beamforming at the BS and reflective beamforming at the IRS to balance the fundamental performance tradeoff between S&C. Furthermore, we discuss multi-IRS networked ISAC, by particularly focusing on multi-IRS-enabled multi-link ISAC, multi-region ISAC, and ISAC signal routing, respectively. Finally, we highlight various promising research topics in this area to motivate future work.

关键词： integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) non-line-of-sight (NLoS) sensing sensing and communication tradeoff

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Advanced deep learning models for automatic detection of driver’s facial expressions, movements, and alertness in varied lighting conditions: a comparative analysis

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第6期84卷 2947-2983页

作者： Das, Shiplu Pratihar, Sanjoy Pradhan, Buddhadeb Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Information Technology West Bengal Kalyani India University of Engineering and Management Kolkata West Bengal New Town India

Emotion recognition is vital in understanding human behavior and improving the driving experience. We present a systematic analysis of automatic detection of driver’s facial expressions and movements while crying, feeling sad, experiencing anger, drowsiness, fear and surprise to reduce road accident using a deep learning method in varied lighting conditions. The proposed approach aims to accurately detect and analyze driver emotions in real time, it would help in advancing the growth of smart driver assistance systems. To conduct our analysis, we create a comprehensive dataset comprising annotated facial images of drivers exhibiting crying, sadness, anger, drowsiness, fear and surprise. The dataset is carefully designed to encompass diverse lighting conditions, facial orientations, and driver demographics, ensuring the generalizability and robustness of the proposed method. The CNN-BiLSTM model is compared against the CNN, LSTM, CNN-LSTM, BiLSTM, and CNN-LSTM models in the research to perform precise localization of facial expressions and movements. The trial findings show how well our technique accurately identifies and evaluates a driver’s facial expressions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Advanced driver assistance systems

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Stationary wavelet transform and SpinalNet trained light spectrum Tasmanian devil optimization enabled DR detection using fundus images

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第4期84卷 1597-1626页

作者： Tamboli, Mubin Shoukat Dhumane, Amol Prasad, Rajesh Prasad, Jayashree Rajesh Ranjan, Nihar M. Computer Engineering Pimpri Chinchwad College of Engineering Pradhikaran Maharashtra Pune411044 India Computer Science and Engineering Symbiosis Institute of Technology Maharashtra Pune India Computer Science and Engineering School of Computing MIT Art Design and Technology University Loni Kalbhor Maharashtra Pune412201 India Information Technology JSPM’s Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering Tathawade Maharashtra Pune411033 India

Diabetes is a common disease that causes complications in the eyes known as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). It aids in discovering the DR and tends to be the main cause behind people’s blindness amidst the previous decades. For prevent the complications of DR and to control the level of blood Glucose, the timely and crucial diagnosis is essential. A model is provided for detecting the DR. Here, Light Spectrum Tasmanian Devil Optimization (LSTDO) is utilized with SpinalNet for DR detection. The method undergoes an adaptive median filter and Region of interest mining process to generate a pre-processed image. The Sparse Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) is adapted for segmenting the optic disks followed by feature extraction. Then, the Hough line transformation with Tyler Coye algorithm (HLTCA) is used for blood vessel segmentation. Concurrently, the Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) is adapted to input image to overwhelm the deficiency of translation-invariance issue and then the feature mining is done. The feature vector is generated by unifying the outputs of the three-feature extraction phases and is employed to detect DR. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity obtained by the LSTDO-based SpinalNet are 91.6%, 89.9% and 92.1%, respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Traffic sign recognition model based on scale sequence features and high-order spatial interactions

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第5期37卷 3605-3620页

作者： Zhang, Gan Wang, Yafei Li, Wenju Fu, Xianping School of Information Science and Technology Dalian Maritime University Dalian116026 China School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai201418 China Pengcheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055 China

Traffic sign recognition is an integral part of driver assistance systems play a crucial role in enhancing road safety. Due to a large number of challenging targets, such as occlusion, distortion, and small targets in actual scenes, existing methods still have bottlenecks in the accuracy of detection and recognition. Therefore, this paper proposes a real-time traffic sign recognition model based on scale sequence features (SSFs) and high-order spatial interactions (HOSIs) on the basis of YOLOv5. This model extracted scale-invariant SSF using a high-dimensional convolution on the underlying feature map to improve the detection effect of multi-scale targets. At the same time, recursive gated convolution modules are integrated into the feature pyramid network, expanding the interactions to arbitrary order and providing richer feature information for high-order convolutions. In addition, a cross-stage partial (CSP) structure is incorporated into the spatial pooling pyramid, which improves the structure’s performance without introducing excessive computational complexity. The experimental results show that the proposed model achieves 95.5% and 99.92% of mAP on Tsinghua–Tencent 100K (TT100K) and German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB), respectively, which surpass the performance of the most advanced model and meets the requirements of real-time detection. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Convolution

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Ordered Clustering-Based Semantic Music Recommender System Using Deep Learning Selection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 3025-3057页

作者： Weitao Ha Sheng Gang Yahya D.Navaei Abubakar S.Gezawa Yaser A.Nanehkaran School of Computer Science and Technology Weinan Normal UniversityWeinan714099China School of Information&Engineering Yancheng Teachers UniversityYancheng224002China Department of Computer and Technology Engineering Qazvin BranchIslamic Azad UniversityQazvin34199-15195Iran School of Information Engineering Sanming UniversitySanming365004China Department ofManagement Information Systems Faculty of Economics and Administrative SciencesCankayaUniversityAnkara06790Türkiye

Music recommendation systems are essential due to the vast amount of music available on streaming platforms,which can overwhelm users trying to find new tracks that match their *** systems analyze users’emotional responses,listening habits,and personal preferences to provide personalized suggestions.A significant challenge they face is the“cold start”problem,where new users have no past interactions to guide *** improve user experience,these systems aimto effectively recommendmusic even to such users by considering their listening behavior and music *** paper introduces a novel music recommendation system that combines order clustering and a convolutional neural network,utilizing user comments and rankings as ***,the system organizes users into clusters based on semantic similarity,followed by the utilization of their rating similarities as input for the convolutional neural *** network then predicts ratings for unreviewed music by ***,the system analyses user music listening behaviour and music *** popularity can help to address cold start users as ***,the proposed method recommends unreviewed music based on predicted high rankings and popularity,taking into account each user’s music listening *** proposed method combines predicted high rankings and popularity by first selecting popular unreviewedmusic that themodel predicts to have the highest ratings for each *** these,the most popular tracks are prioritized,defined by metrics such as frequency of listening across *** number of recommended tracks is aligned with each user’s typical listening *** experimental findings demonstrate that the new method outperformed other classification techniques and prior recommendation systems,yielding a mean absolute error(MAE)rate and rootmean square error(RMSE)rate of approximately 0.0017,a hit rate of 82.45%,an average normalized discounted cumulative gain

关键词： Music recommender system order clustering deep learning

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Exploration of New Dimensions for the Massive Internet of Things

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 89582-89599页

作者： Wang, Michael Wang, L. Zhang, J.J. You, X. Southeast University School of Information Science and Engineering School of Information Science and Engineering China Nanjing University of Science and Technology of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Electronic and Optical Engineering China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Internet of Things China

Like all other types of wireless communications, massive Internet of Things (mIoT) communication is all about degrees of freedom. It holds the key to almost all mIoT challenging issues. However, it is also the most limited resource in mIoT due to its unique constraints. This paper derives a new class of waveforms, i.e., a canonical waveform, and explores the dimensions hidden in its underlying mathematical structure. The intrinsic characteristics and the degrees of freedom of the canonical waveform are studied and fully explored to reap the full potential of the waveform. Most significantly, a new dimension is uncovered and exploited as additional degrees of freedom to better address the mIoT challenges in energy efficiency, resource efficiency, and robustness under the mIoT constraint. The corresponding benefits are evaluated analytically and numerically in AWGN, frequency-flat, and frequency-selective channels. We demonstrate that no existing mIoT waveforms can fully address the mIoT challenges, whereas the new degrees of freedom from the canonical waveform offer a comprehensive solution. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks Temperature sensors Costs Monitoring Energy efficiency LoRa Complexity theory Temperature measurement Radio frequency

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Enhancing Accuracy of Handwritten Character Segmentation Using Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN) 1

Enhancing Accuracy of Handwritten Character Segmentation Usi...

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1st International Conference on AIML-Applications for engineering and technology, ICAET 2025

作者： Varpe, Kanchan Sakhare, Sachin Joshi, Rahul Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology Department of Computer Engineering Pune India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355611

Handwritten character segmentation plays a pivotal role in the performance of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems. This paper introduces an innovative approach to enhancing segmentation accuracy using Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN). Traditional methods often struggle with issues such as varying character sizes, overlapping, and inconsistent writing styles, leading to suboptimal recognition results. The proposed R-CNN model addresses these challenges by effectively localizing and segmenting individual characters from handwritten text images. The methodology involves training the R-CNN on a comprehensive dataset of handwritten characters, annotated to capture diverse styles and complexities. The model leverages deep learning's feature extraction capabilities and region-based localization to accurately segment characters, even in challenging scenarios like connected or touching characters. Comparative experiments show that the proposed approach outperforms conventional techniques in terms of segmentation accuracy and robustness. Results demonstrate significant improvements, with the R-CNN model achieving higher precision and recall rates across multiple handwritten datasets, including different languages and scripts. This advancement holds promise for enhancing OCR systems used in applications such as automated document processing and digital archiving. Future work will focus on integrating this segmentation method with advanced recognition models to further boost overall handwritten text recognition performance. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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