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DAFPN-YOLO: An Improved UAV-Based Object Detection Algorithm Based on YOLOv8s

computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 1929-1949页

作者： Honglin Wang Yaolong Zhang Cheng Zhu School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Electrical&Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

UAV-based object detection is rapidly expanding in both civilian and military applications,including security surveillance,disaster assessment,and border ***,challenges such as small objects,occlusions,complex backgrounds,and variable lighting persist due to the unique perspective of UAV *** address these issues,this paper introduces DAFPN-YOLO,an innovative model based on YOLOv8s(You Only Look Once version 8s).Themodel strikes a balance between detection accuracy and speed while reducing parameters,making itwell-suited for multi-object detection tasks from drone perspectives.A key feature of DAFPN-YOLO is the enhanced Drone-AFPN(Adaptive Feature Pyramid Network),which adaptively fuses multi-scale features to optimize feature extraction and enhance spatial and small-object *** leverage Drone-AFPN’smulti-scale capabilities fully,a dedicated 160×160 small-object detection head was added,significantly boosting detection accuracy for small *** the backbone,the C2f_Dual(Cross Stage Partial with Cross-Stage Feature Fusion Dual)module and SPPELAN(Spatial Pyramid Pooling with Enhanced LocalAttentionNetwork)modulewere *** components improve feature extraction and information aggregationwhile reducing parameters and computational complexity,enhancing inference ***,Shape-IoU(Shape Intersection over Union)is used as the loss function for bounding box regression,enabling more precise shape-based object *** results on the VisDrone 2019 dataset demonstrate the effectiveness *** to YOLOv8s,the proposedmodel achieves a 5.4 percentage point increase inmAP@0.5,a 3.8 percentage point improvement in mAP@0.5:0.95,and a 17.2%reduction in parameter *** results highlight DAFPN-YOLO’s advantages in UAV-based object detection,offering valuable insights for applying deep learning to UAV-specific multi-object detection tasks.

关键词： YOLOv8 UAV-based object detection AFPN small-object detection head SPPELAN DualConv loss function

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Energy Harvesting Jammer-Aided Covert Communications in Wireless Multi-Relay IoT Systems

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 17443-17455页

作者： Lv, Hao Yang, Bin Sun, Xiuwen Gao, Chan Gui, Bao Taleb, Tarik School of Computer Science and Technology of Anhui University Hefei230000 China Chuzhou University School of Computer and Information Engineering Chuzhou239000 China Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications National Engineering Research Center for Secured Wireless School of Cybersecurity Xi'an710121 China Ruhr University Bochum Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Bochum44801 Germany

This paper investigates covert communications in a multi-relay Internet of Things (IoT) system with multiple energy harvesting jammers, where a transmitter (Alice) attempts to covertly transmit confidential messages to its destination (Bob) through relay forwarding, while a warden (Willie) detects the existence of Alice's transmission. Specifically, we employ a harvesting-then-jamming protocol with which the jammers first harvest energy from Alice and then send jamming signals to interfere with Willie's detection. We propose a relay and jammer selection strategy, namely quality of service (QoS)-aware selection, and use the random selection strategy as a comparison strategy. Under these two selection strategies, we derive the optimal detection threshold and minimum detection error probability at Willie, respectively. We then model the covert throughput performance and obtain the maximum covert throughput by jointly optimizing covert transmit power and jamming transmit power. Extensive numerical results are provided to illustrate the impacts of system parameters on covert throughput performance. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Jamming

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YOLOv8n-CGW: A novel approach to multi-oriented vehicle detection in intelligent transportation systems

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第7期84卷 3809-3840页

作者： Berwo, Michael Abebe Fang, Yong Sarwar, Nadeem Mahmood, Jabar Aljohani, Mansourah Elhosseini, Mostafa School of Information and Engineering Chang’an University Shaanxi Xi’an710064 China Department of Computer Science Bahria University Lahore Campus Punjab Lahore54600 Pakistan Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology University of Sialkot Punjab Sialkot51040 Pakistan College of Computer Science and Engineering Taibah University Yanbu46421 Saudi Arabia Computers and Control Systems Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University Mansoura35516 Egypt

In the context of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), the role of vehicle detection and classification is indispensable for streamlining transportation management, refining traffic control, and conducting in-depth accident analyses. However, the intricate task of accurately detecting multi-oriented vehicles in diverse scenarios remains a challenge, even with the advancements in ITS. Factors such as vehicle morphology, design, road conditions, structural details, and climatic variables provide a significant part in the detection. To address this, our study introduces an advanced YOLOv8n model, specifically the YOLOv8n-CGW, which is built upon pre-trained deep learning frameworks. This model is meticulously tailored to enhance the detection capabilities for multi-oriented vehicles. Comprehensive evaluations on esteemed datasets like MtV, MERGED, Custom dataset, DAWN, WEDGE, and UA-DETRAC underscore the superiority of our approach over existing models. Notably, our YOLOv8n-CGW model achieves a remarkable mAP of 83.3% and boasts a swift inference time of 0.0019s, setting a new benchmark in the domain. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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MCFusion: Frequency Domain Characteristics Enhancement and Feature Compensation Fusion Network for RGB-T Object Detection

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 20880-20893页

作者： Gao, Yinbo Liao, Zhuhua Liu, Yizhi Yi, Aiping Zhang, Guoqiang Hunan University of Science and Technology China Hunan University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Xiangtan China Hainan Normal University Department of Information Science and Technology Haikou China

The multi-modal object detection technology based on visible-thermal vision sensors has drawn significant attention as it is capable of achieving reliable object detection in complex scenes with challenging lighting conditions such as low light or backlight. However, there has been a lack of focus on the frequency domain feature information of the visible and thermal modalities themselves, as well as the complementarity of cross-modal features. Furthermore, current visible and thermal feature fusion methods only utilize feature information from the current layer, neglecting context information. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel network framework for enhancing frequency domain Characteristics and fusing cross-layer and cross-modal features to compensate for these limitations. This framework introduces two key modules: the Frequency Domain Characteristics Enhancement (FCE) module and the Cross-Layer and Cross-Modal Feature Compensation Fusion (CCF) module. The FCE module consists of two sub-modules. Reduce high-frequency information loss(FCE-RHFL) module operates on the visible modality to reduce high-frequency information loss, utilizing methods such as high-frequency masking and frequency recombination. Meanwhile, Enhance high-frequency information representation(FCE-EHFR) module enhances high-frequency information representation for the thermal modality through convolutions with different kernels and frequency domain enhancement techniques. In the CCF module, cross-modal and cross-layer feature compensation methods are employed to compensate for differences in modalities, followed by capture complementary information across modalities using a query-guided cross-attention mechanism. Finally, we conduct experimental comparisons on the KAIST and FLIR datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate that our method has excellent performance and robust detection results. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Deep Learning Based Side-Channel Attack Detection for Mobile Devices Security in 5G Networks

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清华大学学报自然科学版（英文版） 2025年第3期30卷 1012-1026页

作者： Amjed A.Ahmed Mohammad Kamrul Hasan Ali Alqahtani Shayla Islam Bishwajeet Pandey Leila Rzayeva Huda Saleh Abbas Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman Nayef Alqahtani Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Imam Alkadhim University College Department of Computer Techniques EngineeringBaghdad 10066Iraq Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi 43600Malaysia Department of Networks and Communications Engineering College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran 61441Saudi Arabia Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation UCSI UniversityKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia Department of Intelligent Systems and Cyber Security Astana IT UniversityAstana 20000Kazakstan Department of Computer Science College of Computer Science and EngineeringTaibah UniversityMadinah 42353Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityAl-Hofuf 31982Saudi Arabia

Mobile devices within Fifth Generation(5G)networks,typically equipped with Android systems,serve as a bridge to connect digital gadgets such as global positioning system,mobile devices,and wireless routers,which are vital in facilitating end-user communication ***,the security of Android systems has been challenged by the sensitive data involved,leading to vulnerabilities in mobile devices used in 5G *** vulnerabilities expose mobile devices to cyber-attacks,primarily resulting from security ***-permission apps in Android can exploit these channels to access sensitive information,including user identities,login credentials,and geolocation *** such attack leverages"zero-permission"sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes,enabling attackers to gather information about the smartphone's *** underscores the importance of fortifying mobile devices against potential future *** research focuses on a new recurrent neural network prediction model,which has proved highly effective for detecting side-channel attacks in mobile devices in 5G *** conducted state-of-the-art comparative studies to validate our experimental *** results demonstrate that even a small amount of training data can accurately recognize 37.5％of previously unseen user-typed ***,our tap detection mechanism achieves a 92％accuracy rate,a crucial factor for text *** findings have significant practical implications,as they reinforce mobile device security in 5G networks,enhancing user privacy,and data protection.

关键词： Fifth Generation(5G)networks smartphone information leakage Side-Channel Attack(SCA) deep learning

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Dehazing using Generative Adversarial Network - A Review

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SN computer Science 2025年第1期6卷 1-17页

作者： Khatun, Amina Mostafiz, Rafid Shorif, Sumaita Binte Uddin, Mohammad Shorif Hadi, Md. Abdul Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jahangirnagar University Dhaka Bangladesh Institute of Information Technology Noakhali Science and Technology University Noakhali Bangladesh Department of Computer Science: Information Technology University of Nebraska Omaha Omaha United States

Dehazing is a difficult process in computer vision that seeks to improve the clarity and excellence of pictures taken under cloudy, foggy, and rainy circumstances. The Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) has been a viable method for removing haze from photos in recent years. This is because GAN can understand intricate data patterns and provide high-quality outcomes. This paper provides a thorough examination of the most advanced strategies in dehazing utilizing GAN. The study examines the various elements utilized in GAN-based dehazing, including generator and discriminator architectures, loss functions, and training strategies. It also explores the evaluation metrics employed to assess the effectiveness of GAN-based dehazing methods. It also examines the datasets often used to train and evaluate these models. This research concludes by examining prospective avenues for future study in the domain of dehazing, employing GAN to tackle the obstacles of real-time dehazing, managing intricate scenarios with various atmospheric conditions, and enhancing the resilience of GAN-based dehazing models. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.

关键词： Atmospheric haze Dehazing Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) Performance evaluation metrics

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The Security of Using Large Language Models:A Survey With Emphasis on ChatGPT

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 1-26页

作者： Wei Zhou Xiaogang Zhu Qing-Long Han Lin Li Xiao Chen Sheng Wen Yang Xiang the School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology IEEE the School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide the Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross University the School of Information and Physical Sciences the University of Newcastle

ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence(AI)language model that has demonstrated significant improvements in various natural language processing(NLP) tasks. However, like any technology, it presents potential security risks that need to be carefully evaluated and addressed. In this survey, we provide an overview of the current state of research on security of using ChatGPT, with aspects of bias, disinformation, ethics, misuse,attacks and privacy. We review and discuss the literature on these topics and highlight open research questions and future *** this survey, we aim to contribute to the academic discourse on AI security, enriching the understanding of potential risks and mitigations. We anticipate that this survey will be valuable for various stakeholders involved in AI development and usage, including AI researchers, developers, policy makers, and end-users.

关键词： Artificial intelligence (AI) ChatGPT large language models (LLMs) security

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Enhancing Heart Disease Prediction with GANs in Clinical Decision Support Systems 6

Enhancing Heart Disease Prediction with GANs in Clinical Dec...

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6th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics, ICMCSI 2025

作者： Periya Nayaki, A. VishwaShree, S.V. Mithra, N. Priyadharshini, C. Thanabal, M.S. Penyameen, K. Department of Information Technology Velammal College of Engineering and Technology Madurai India Department of Computer Science and Engineering PSNA College of Engineering and Technology Dindigul India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522667

Heart disease remains a leading global cause of mortality, emphasizing the need for innovative diagnostic solutions. Traditional Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) often struggle with limited datasets and imbalances, impacting prediction accuracy. This study proposes a novel approach by integrating Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (CGANs) into a CDSS framework, enhancing its ability to generate high-quality synthetic data. The augmented dataset is utilized to train a Gradient Boosting model capable of identifying subtle patterns in patient data. This methodology significantly improves prediction precision and addresses limitations of traditional techniques. The results demonstrate the model's superiority inaccurately identifying heart disease risks, making it a valuable tool for early diagnosis and clinical decision-making. By combining advanced machine learning techniques with domain- specific innovations, this research sets a new benchmark in the application of AI for healthcare. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Exploring IoT and Machine Learning Integration for Soil Nutrients Monitoring and Crop Recommendation: A Survey 3

Exploring IoT and Machine Learning Integration for Soil Nutr...

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3rd International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems, ICEARS 2025

作者： Khemnar, Vijaya R. Bendre, Mininath R. Kolekar, Vikas K. Pravara Rural Engineering College Department of Computer Engineering Loni India Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology Department of Computer Engineering Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509675

The integration of machine learning (ML) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has a scope of improvement in precision farming techniques and revolutionise the agriculture sector. This research paper examines the integration of IoT and ML in soil nutrient monitoring and crop recommendation systems. The aim is to provide a thorough overview of the most recent developments, applications, challenges, and potential future directions. IoT sensors collect and give immediate soil health information, while ML algorithms analyses these data to suggest nutrient deficits and recommend the most suitable crops. This research work evaluates advancements in IoT and Machine Learning applications, emphasising their benefits for precision agriculture. This integration aims to improve agricultural production and sustainability via data driven decision making and resource optimisation. At the end research gaps are discussed, along with future research directions. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Smart agriculture

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Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease with Transfer Learning Techniques Via ResNet50 and FSBi-LSTM

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第11期49卷 149-164页

作者： Khaleel, Z.S. Lakizadeh, Amir Computer Engineering and Information Technology Department University of Qom Qom Iran Department of mathematic Open Educational College Basra Study Center Iraq

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurological disorder marked by cognitive deterioration and neurological impairment that affects cognition, memory, and behavioral patterns. Alzheimer's is an incurable disease that predominantly impacts individuals over the age of 40. A patient's MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan and cognitive assessment are manually analyzed to diagnose Alzheimer's disease. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly through Deep Learning, has pioneered innovative techniques for automated medical image identification. We devised a deep learning methodology for Alzheimer's disease identification utilizing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data. The suggested method, termed Res+FSBILSTM, employs ResNet50 as a pre-trained model for feature extraction from MRIs, thereafter identifying Alzheimer's disease through a Fully-Stack Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory deep learning model. The experimental results demonstrate that the suggested method surpasses state-of-the-art techniques across all evaluation metrics, rendering it a viable tool for medical professionals in identifying Alzheimer's disease using brain radiological images. Ultimately, we achieved results with an accuracy of 99.6%, an F1-score of 97.7%, an area under the curve of 99%, a recall of 97.3%, and a precision of 99.6%. © 2025 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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