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Data-Driven Decision Support by Utilizing Machine Learning to Predict Passenger Flow for Route and Station Optimization

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025年 1-20页

作者： Patel, Madhuri Patel, Samir B. Swain, Debabrata Department of Computer Engineering Pandit Deendayal Energy University Gandhinagar India Department of Information Technology L D College of Engineering Ahmedabad India

A smart public transportation system with reliable services addresses urban challenges like traffic congestion, infrastructure maintenance, travel costs, and pollution. As part of smart city initiatives, urban public transport systems have adopted advanced data collection methods, enabling data analytics and predictive model development. This study evaluates optimal machine learning models for predicting passenger flow across routes and stations within the Thane Municipal Transport (TMT) network using real historical data from March 2021 to May 2022. Key spatial and temporal features such as weekday patterns, route distance and direction, public holidays, COVID-19 impacts, and weather conditions were identified through exploratory data analysis and incorporated into the models. Several algorithms, including Decision Trees, XGBoost, Extra Tree Regressor, and Random Forest, were implemented to predict daily passenger commute on an hourly basis. Random Forest emerged as the most accurate model, achieving an MAE of 114.55, RMSE of 236.71, and an R2 of 0.9516, leveraging its ensemble approach to capture complex, non-linear patterns and ensure robustness to variability, including disruptions caused by the pandemic. These findings provide actionable insights for optimizing route design, bus allocation, maintenance scheduling, and overall transport system efficiency, enabling stakeholders to achieve sustainable and adaptive public transport management. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2025.

关键词： Traffic congestion

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Multiclass Classification for Cyber Threats Detection on Twitter

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第12期77卷 3853-3866页

作者： Adnan Hussein Abdulwahab Ali Almazroi College of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer ScienceAL-Ahgaff UniversityMukallaYemen College of Computing and Information Technology at Khulais Department of Information TechnologyUniversity of JeddahJeddahSaudi Arabia

The advances in technology increase the number of internet systems *** a result,cybersecurity issues have become more *** threats are one of the main problems in the area of ***,detecting cybersecurity threats is not a trivial task and thus is the center of focus for many researchers due to its *** study aims to analyze Twitter data to detect cyber threats using a multiclass classification *** data is passed through different tasks to prepare it for the *** Frequency and Inverse Document Frequency(TFIDF)features are extracted to vectorize the cleaned data and several machine learning algorithms are used to classify the Twitter posts into multiple classes of cyber *** results are evaluated using different metrics including precision,recall,F-score,and *** work contributes to the cyber security research *** experiments revealed the promised results of the analysis using the Random Forest(RF)algorithm with(F-score=81%).This result outperformed the existing studies in the field of cyber threat detection and showed the importance of detecting cyber threats in social media *** is a need for more investigation in the field of multiclass classification to achieve more accurate *** the future,this study suggests applying different data representations for the feature extraction other than TF-IDF such as Word2Vec,and adding a new phase for feature selection to select the optimum features subset to achieve higher accuracy of the detection process.

关键词： Cybersecurity cyber threat detection artificial intelligence machine learning Twitter

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Visual quality-enhanced reversible data hiding scheme based on interpolation and variant Sudoku matrics

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年 1-29页

作者： Yuan, Longfei Lin, Chia-Chen Chang, Chin-Chen Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung Taiwan Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan

Utilizing interpolation techniques (IT) within reversible data hiding (RDH) algorithms presents the advantage of a substantial embedding capacity. Nevertheless, prevalent algorithms often straightforwardly embed confidential data into non-reference pixels without accounting for the relationships between neighboring pixels. This practice results in suboptimal visual quality in the stego images. To rectify this issue, we have introduced the augmentation and modification interpolation (AMI). Additionally, we have devised two variant Sudoku matrices to facilitate distinct data-hiding strategies tailored for different types of reference pixels: Single type and Paired type. By incorporating these innovative designs, the interpolation operation now preserves the pattern-level information of the block in the original image, rather than focusing solely on the pixel level. In assessing the effectiveness of our proposed scheme, we performed experiments utilizing two representative image datasets. The outcomes of these experiments validate that our scheme attains an average PSNR of 44.11 dB and an average hiding capacity of 1.63 bpp. Consequently, it is affirmed that the advantage offered by our proposed scheme is well-suited for scenarios demanding high-quality stego images. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Interpolation

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Entropy-Bottleneck-Based Privacy Protection Mechanism for Semantic Communication

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 2971-2988页

作者： Kaiyang Han Xiaoqiang Jia Yangfei Lin Tsutomu Yoshinaga Yalong Li Jiale Wu School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot010051China Department of Computer and Network Engineering University of Electro-CommunicationsChofuTokyo1828585Japan

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things,along with the growing demand for privacy-preserving transmission,the need for efficient and secure communication systems has become increasingly *** communication methods transmit data at the bit level without considering its semantic significance,leading to redundant transmission overhead and reduced *** communication addresses this issue by extracting and transmitting only the mostmeaningful semantic information,thereby improving bandwidth ***,despite reducing the volume of data,it remains vulnerable to privacy risks,as semantic features may still expose sensitive *** address this,we propose an entropy-bottleneck-based privacy protection mechanism for semantic *** approach uses semantic segmentation to partition images into regions of interest(ROI)and regions of non-interest(RONI)based on the receiver’s needs,enabling differentiated semantic *** focusing transmission on ROIs,bandwidth usage is optimized,and non-essential data is *** entropy bottleneck model probabilistically encodes the semantic information into a compact bit stream,reducing correlation between the transmitted content and the original data,thus enhancing privacy *** proposed framework is systematically evaluated in terms of compression efficiency,semantic fidelity,and privacy *** comparative experiments with traditional and state-of-the-art methods,we demonstrate that the approach significantly reduces data transmission,maintains the quality of semantically important regions,and ensures robust privacy protection.

关键词： Semantic communication privacy protection semantic segmentation entropy-based compression

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Design of a Multifactor Unidentified Remote End User Authentication Mechanism for IoT Network

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第10期49卷 191-204页

作者： Sharma, Neha Dhiman, Pankaj Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat H. P. Solan India

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, coupled with the rollout of advanced 5G networks, has generated significant concerns regarding security breaches. These concerns stem from the expanded attack surfaces that come with improved connectivity, making IoT systems more vulnerable to malicious threats. A crucial strategy to counter these security challenges is the implementation of robust user authentication methods. Despite numerous proposals for multi-factor authentication mechanisms, many of these systems exhibit weaknesses, particularly in their susceptibility to user impersonation attacks and the risks posed by stolen mobile devices. Furthermore, several schemes fail to incorporate essential features such as session key agreements or backup solutions for instances of lost or stolen devices and compromised private keys. To address urgent security challenges in IoT environments, we developed a three-factor user authentication system tailored for low-cost IoT devices. This system tackles critical vulnerabilities while maintaining low computing and communication costs, enhancing security without compromising usability and efficiency. © 2025 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems

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Interaction-aware Trust Management Scheme for IoT Systems With Machine Learning-Based Attack Detection

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 17169-17182页

作者： Farhat, Ali Eldosouky, Abdelrahman Ibnkahla, Mohamed Matrawy, Ashraf Carleton University Department of Systems and Computer Engineering OttawaON Canada Carleton University School of Information Technology OttawaON Canada

The recent Internet of Things (IoT) adoption has revolutionized various applications while introducing significant security and privacy challenges. Traditional security solutions are unsuitable for IoT systems due to their dynamicity, heterogeneity, and resource constraints. Trust-based solutions are emerging as promising alternatives due to their ability to track the dynamic behavior in IoT systems. However, existing trust management schemes are implemented at the device level, raising several challenges, including device modification that compromises certification and scalability, increased network overhead, and higher device resource utilization. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel trust management scheme that shifts its implementation to a higher layer in the IoT system, specifically to the IoT access layer (e.g., gateway). The proposed scheme establishes trust based on typical device interactions with the gateway without requiring additional information from the device. It relies on objective attributes spanning communication, security, and advanced dimensions to compute the trust value of an IoT device. Additionally, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is integrated to determine if the device acts maliciously or behaves normally. Simulation results demonstrate a notable improvement in the detection rate, primarily due to incorporating the proposed ANN, compared to the threshold-based approaches in the literature. Overall, the improvements highlight the significant advantage of the proposed scheme's robustness. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Gateways (computer networks)

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A novel thermally-stable single-phase phosphor Ca_(2)InTaO_(6):Dy^(3+)for NUV-excited white LEDs

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1855-1864页

作者： Jian Hu Ruirui Cui Jun Zhang Peng Linghu Youzhen Shi Xiang Guo Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano-Electronics and Software Technology of Guizhou Province College of Big Data and Information EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China College of Computer and Information Engineering Guizhou University of CommerceGuiyang550014China

The work focuses on the utilization of the conventional solid-state sintering procedure to synthesize white phosphors Ca_(2)InTaO_(6):xDy^(3+)(0.02≤x≤0.12).Utilizing X-ray diffraction,the phase structure of samples was examined,and the crystal structure was refined using the Rietveld method.A scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the microstructure of ***-principles calculations confirm that the indirect bandgap of Ca_(2)InTaO_(6)is 3.786 eV,The luminous properties and energy transfer mechanism of Ca_(2)InTaO_(6):xDy^(3+)were studied using photoluminescence ***^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(13/2)transition of Dy^(3+)ions is responsible for the greatest emission peak,which was measured at 575 *** to research,the lifespan falls as the concentration of Dy^(3+)doping amount rises because of frequent interaction and ene rgy transfer between Dy^(3+)*** correlated color temperature of the WLEDs packaged with Ca_(2)InTaO_(6):0.08Dy^(3+)is 4677 K and CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates are(0.3578,0.3831).Meantime,the phosphor also shows outstanding te mperature stability property,which maintains 83.8%of its initial emission intensity at 450 K(activation energy of 0.1467 eV).The W-LEDs retain their performance for 100 min when powered at 3.4 V voltage and 600 mA current,demonstrating the packed W-LEDs'sustaine d operation at high temperatures.

关键词： Ca_(2)InTaO_(6):Dy^(3+)phosphors Thermal stability Photoluminescence W-LEDs Thermal imaging Rare earths

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YOLO-LFD: A Lightweight and Fast Model for Forest Fire Detection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 3399-3417页

作者： Honglin Wang Yangyang Zhang Cheng Zhu School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Electrical&Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Forest fires pose a serious threat to ecological balance, air quality, and the safety of both humans and wildlife. This paper presents an improved model based on You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5), named YOLO Lightweight Fire Detector (YOLO-LFD), to address the limitations of traditional sensor-based fire detection methods in terms of real-time performance and accuracy. The proposed model is designed to enhance inference speed while maintaining high detection accuracy on resource-constrained devices such as drones and embedded systems. Firstly, we introduce Depthwise Separable Convolutions (DSConv) to reduce the complexity of the feature extraction network. Secondly, we design and implement the Lightweight Faster Implementation of Cross Stage Partial (CSP) Bottleneck with 2 Convolutions (C2f-Light) and the CSP Structure with 3 Compact Inverted Blocks (C3CIB) modules to replace the traditional C3 modules. This optimization enhances deep feature extraction and semantic information processing, thereby significantly increasing inference speed. To enhance the detection capability for small fires, the model employs a Normalized Wasserstein Distance (NWD) loss function, which effectively reduces the missed detection rate and improves the accuracy of detecting small fire sources. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to the baseline YOLOv5s model, the YOLO-LFD model not only increases inference speed by 19.3% but also significantly improves the detection accuracy for small fire targets, with only a 1.6% reduction in overall mean average precision (mAP)@0.5. Through these innovative improvements to YOLOv5s, the YOLO-LFD model achieves a balance between speed and accuracy, making it particularly suitable for real-time detection tasks on mobile and embedded devices.

关键词： Forest fire detection YOLOv5 lightweight small object detection

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A Self-Adapting and Efficient Dandelion Algorithm and Its Application to Feature Selection for Credit Card Fraud Detection

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第2期11卷 377-390页

作者： Honghao Zhu MengChu Zhou Yu Xie Aiiad Albeshri IEEE School of Computer and Information Engineering Bengbu UniversityBengbu 233030China School of Information and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China Helen and John C.Hartmann the Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewark NJ 07102 USA College of Information Engineering Shanghai Maritime UniversityShanghai 201306China Department of Computer Science King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21481Saudi Arabia

A dandelion algorithm(DA) is a recently developed intelligent optimization algorithm for function optimization problems. Many of its parameters need to be set by experience in DA,which might not be appropriate for all optimization problems. A self-adapting and efficient dandelion algorithm is proposed in this work to lower the number of DA's parameters and simplify DA's structure. Only the normal sowing operator is retained;while the other operators are discarded. An adaptive seeding radius strategy is designed for the core dandelion. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance on the standard test functions with less time consumption than its competitive peers. In addition, the proposed algorithm is applied to feature selection for credit card fraud detection(CCFD), and the results indicate that it can obtain higher classification and detection performance than the-state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Credit card fraud detection(CCFD) dandelion algorithm(DA) feature selection normal sowing operator

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Mitigation of Optical Multipath Interference Algorithms in IM-DD Transmission System

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China Communications 2024年第4期21卷 1-9页

作者： Huo Jiahao Zhu Jin Zhu Zuqing Zhang Xiaoying Liu Shaonan Tao Jianlong Wei Huangfu School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

This paper aimed to propose two algorithms,DA-M and RF-M,of reducing the impact of multipath interference(MPI)on intensity modulation direct detection(IM-DD)systems,particularly for four-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4)***-M reduced the fluctuation by averaging the signal in blocks,RF-M estimated MPI by subtracting the decision value of the corresponding block from the mean value of a signal block,and then generated interference-reduced samples by subtracting the interference signal from the product of the corresponding MPI estimate and then weighting *** paper firstly proposed to separate the signal before decision-making into multiple blocks,which significantly reduced the complexity of DA-M and *** results showed that the MPI noise of 28 GBaud IMDD system under the linewidths of 1e5 Hz,1e6 Hz and 10e6 Hz can be effectively alleviated.

关键词： IM-DD multipath interference PAM4

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