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Entropy-Bottleneck-Based Privacy Protection Mechanism for Semantic Communication

computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 2971-2988页

作者： Kaiyang Han Xiaoqiang Jia Yangfei Lin Tsutomu Yoshinaga Yalong Li Jiale Wu School of Information Engineering Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot010051China Department of Computer and Network Engineering University of Electro-CommunicationsChofuTokyo1828585Japan

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things,along with the growing demand for privacy-preserving transmission,the need for efficient and secure communication systems has become increasingly *** communication methods transmit data at the bit level without considering its semantic significance,leading to redundant transmission overhead and reduced *** communication addresses this issue by extracting and transmitting only the mostmeaningful semantic information,thereby improving bandwidth ***,despite reducing the volume of data,it remains vulnerable to privacy risks,as semantic features may still expose sensitive *** address this,we propose an entropy-bottleneck-based privacy protection mechanism for semantic *** approach uses semantic segmentation to partition images into regions of interest(ROI)and regions of non-interest(RONI)based on the receiver’s needs,enabling differentiated semantic *** focusing transmission on ROIs,bandwidth usage is optimized,and non-essential data is *** entropy bottleneck model probabilistically encodes the semantic information into a compact bit stream,reducing correlation between the transmitted content and the original data,thus enhancing privacy *** proposed framework is systematically evaluated in terms of compression efficiency,semantic fidelity,and privacy *** comparative experiments with traditional and state-of-the-art methods,we demonstrate that the approach significantly reduces data transmission,maintains the quality of semantically important regions,and ensures robust privacy protection.

关键词： Semantic communication privacy protection semantic segmentation entropy-based compression

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Design of a Multifactor Unidentified Remote End User Authentication Mechanism for IoT Network

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第10期49卷 191-204页

作者： Sharma, Neha Dhiman, Pankaj Department of Computer Science and Engineering Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat H. P. Solan India

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, coupled with the rollout of advanced 5G networks, has generated significant concerns regarding security breaches. These concerns stem from the expanded attack surfaces that come with improved connectivity, making IoT systems more vulnerable to malicious threats. A crucial strategy to counter these security challenges is the implementation of robust user authentication methods. Despite numerous proposals for multi-factor authentication mechanisms, many of these systems exhibit weaknesses, particularly in their susceptibility to user impersonation attacks and the risks posed by stolen mobile devices. Furthermore, several schemes fail to incorporate essential features such as session key agreements or backup solutions for instances of lost or stolen devices and compromised private keys. To address urgent security challenges in IoT environments, we developed a three-factor user authentication system tailored for low-cost IoT devices. This system tackles critical vulnerabilities while maintaining low computing and communication costs, enhancing security without compromising usability and efficiency. © 2025 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： 5G mobile communication systems

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Interaction-aware Trust Management Scheme for IoT Systems With Machine Learning-Based Attack Detection

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 17169-17182页

作者： Farhat, Ali Eldosouky, Abdelrahman Ibnkahla, Mohamed Matrawy, Ashraf Carleton University Department of Systems and Computer Engineering OttawaON Canada Carleton University School of Information Technology OttawaON Canada

The recent Internet of Things (IoT) adoption has revolutionized various applications while introducing significant security and privacy challenges. Traditional security solutions are unsuitable for IoT systems due to their dynamicity, heterogeneity, and resource constraints. Trust-based solutions are emerging as promising alternatives due to their ability to track the dynamic behavior in IoT systems. However, existing trust management schemes are implemented at the device level, raising several challenges, including device modification that compromises certification and scalability, increased network overhead, and higher device resource utilization. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel trust management scheme that shifts its implementation to a higher layer in the IoT system, specifically to the IoT access layer (e.g., gateway). The proposed scheme establishes trust based on typical device interactions with the gateway without requiring additional information from the device. It relies on objective attributes spanning communication, security, and advanced dimensions to compute the trust value of an IoT device. Additionally, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is integrated to determine if the device acts maliciously or behaves normally. Simulation results demonstrate a notable improvement in the detection rate, primarily due to incorporating the proposed ANN, compared to the threshold-based approaches in the literature. Overall, the improvements highlight the significant advantage of the proposed scheme's robustness. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Gateways (computer networks)

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YOLO-LFD: A Lightweight and Fast Model for Forest Fire Detection

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 3399-3417页

作者： Honglin Wang Yangyang Zhang Cheng Zhu School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Electrical&Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Forest fires pose a serious threat to ecological balance, air quality, and the safety of both humans and wildlife. This paper presents an improved model based on You Only Look Once version 5 (YOLOv5), named YOLO Lightweight Fire Detector (YOLO-LFD), to address the limitations of traditional sensor-based fire detection methods in terms of real-time performance and accuracy. The proposed model is designed to enhance inference speed while maintaining high detection accuracy on resource-constrained devices such as drones and embedded systems. Firstly, we introduce Depthwise Separable Convolutions (DSConv) to reduce the complexity of the feature extraction network. Secondly, we design and implement the Lightweight Faster Implementation of Cross Stage Partial (CSP) Bottleneck with 2 Convolutions (C2f-Light) and the CSP Structure with 3 Compact Inverted Blocks (C3CIB) modules to replace the traditional C3 modules. This optimization enhances deep feature extraction and semantic information processing, thereby significantly increasing inference speed. To enhance the detection capability for small fires, the model employs a Normalized Wasserstein Distance (NWD) loss function, which effectively reduces the missed detection rate and improves the accuracy of detecting small fire sources. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to the baseline YOLOv5s model, the YOLO-LFD model not only increases inference speed by 19.3% but also significantly improves the detection accuracy for small fire targets, with only a 1.6% reduction in overall mean average precision (mAP)@0.5. Through these innovative improvements to YOLOv5s, the YOLO-LFD model achieves a balance between speed and accuracy, making it particularly suitable for real-time detection tasks on mobile and embedded devices.

关键词： Forest fire detection YOLOv5 lightweight small object detection

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COVID-19 Pandemic: A Worldwide Critical Review with the Machine Learning Model-Based Prediction

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025年第1期106卷 339-349页

作者： Misra, Neeraj Kumar Das, Sanchali Satpathy, Sambit Addula, Santosh Reddy Trivedi, Munesh Chandra School of Electronics Engineering VIT-AP University Andhra Pradesh Amaravathi522237 India School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India Computer Science and Engineering Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology Greater Noida India Information Technology University of the Cumberlands Williamsburg United States Computer Science and Engineering PSSCIVE Bhopal Bhopal India

Machine learning (ML) with data analysis has many successful applications and is widely employed daily. Additionally, they have played a significant role in combating the global coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. International occurrences of the COVID-19 pandemic have resulted from the rapid global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this study, we examine the ML and data analysis techniques for diagnosis, treatment, and impact of COVID-19, which are based on artificial intelligence (AI). Moreover, we provide an overview of the current state of the art in AI-based machine learning and deep learning techniques as well as the datasets, tools, and performance of the tools that can be used to combat COVID-19. In this survey, we have attempted to provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent state-of-the-art approaches available to researchers in Mathematical and Statistical analysis and the larger medical community as a whole. It also includes information on how data and ML can be used to improve COVID-19 status and encourage further research to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks. Future directions and problems are also described in detail. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： COVID-19

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Artificial intelligence-inspired comprehensive framework for desertification prediction

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International Journal of Cognitive Computing in engineering 2025年 6卷 462-476页

作者： Alsubai, Shtwai Mosleh, Mogeeb A.A. Al-Hadhrami, Suheer A. Bhatia, Munish College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj Saudi Arabia Faculty of Engineering & Computing University of Science & Technology Aden Yemen Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology Taiz Univeristy Taiz Yemen Department of Computer Engineering College of Engineering Al Mukalla Hadhramout Yemen Department of Computer Applications National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra India

Desertification greatly affects land deterioration, farming efficiency, economic growth, and health, especially in Gulf nations. Climate change has worsened desertification, making developmental issues in the area even more difficult. This research presents an enhanced framework utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) for ongoing monitoring, data gathering, and analysis to evaluate desertification patterns. The framework utilizes Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN) to categorize IoT data, while a low-latency processing method on edge computing platforms enables effective detection of desertification trends. The classified data is subsequently analyzed using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) optimized with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) for forecasting decisions. Using cloud computing infrastructure, the ANN-GA model examines intricate data connections to forecast desertification risk elements. Moreover, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is employed to predict desertification over varied time intervals. Experimental simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested framework, attaining enhanced performance in essential metrics: Temporal Delay (103.68 s), Classification Efficacy—Sensitivity (96.44 %), Precision (95.56 %), Specificity (96.97 %), and F-Measure (96.69 %)—Predictive Efficiency—Accuracy (97.76 %) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) (1.95 %)—along with Reliability (93.73 %) and Stability (75 %). The results of classification effectiveness and prediction performance emphasize the framework's ability to detect high-risk zones and predict the severity of desertification. This innovative method improves the comprehension of desertification processes and encourages sustainable land management practices, reducing the socio-economic impacts of desertification and bolstering at-risk ecosystems. The results of the study hold considerable importance for enhancing regional efforts in combating desertification, ensuring food security, and formulatin

关键词： Life on land Climate action Desertification Internet of things Artificial neural network

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Sample-based relationship for assisting diagnosis of pneumonia in medical care

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第1期84卷 267-288页

作者： Chen, Hongkang Lu, Huijuan Zhu, Wenjie Zhou, Ye Yao, Yudong Wang, Renfeng College of Information Engineering China Jiliang University Zhejiang Hangzhou China Drore Information and Technology Co. LTD Zhejiang Hangzhou China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology HobokenNJ United States College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou China

Deep neural networks have succeeded in learning balanced and imbalanced data in the field of pneumonia diagnosis. However, both require separate model designs in their respective domains. The pneumonia recognition methods have poor transfer performance between the two types of image distribution data. This paper proposes BeFormer, which focuses on sample relationships. BeFormer introduces two stages, feature extraction and establishing sample relationships, to solve the problem. Specifically, in the feature extraction stage, a new backbone network called PANet based on Multi-Scale Frequency Domain Attention (FPSA) is proposed. In establishing sample relationships, Deformable Transformer is used in parallel to model the relationships between partial regions of interest among the same and different samples in the pneumonia dataset. These two modules are connected in series to form BeFormer. Without making any changes to the model, this paper conducted experiments using BeFormer on both balanced and imbalanced pneumonia datasets. As compared to traditional pneumonia recognition models, the proposed method achieved significant improvements in the two different data distributions, demonstrating outstanding transfer performance. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Feature extraction

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A Lightweight Object Detection Algorithm for Remote Sensing Images

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engineering Letters 2025年第3期33卷 704-711页

作者： Hou, Donghao Zhang, Yujun Ren, Jia School of Computer and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China School of Electronic and Information Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China

With the continuous advancement of satellite technology, remote sensing images has been increasingly applied in fields such as urban planning, environmental monitoring, and disaster response. However, remote sensing images often feature small target sizes and complex backgrounds, posing significant computational challenges for object detection tasks. To address this issue, this paper proposes a lightweight remote sensing images object detection algorithm based on YOLOv9. The proposed algorithm incorporates the SimRMB module, which effectively reduces computational complexity while improving the efficiency and accuracy of feature extraction. Through a dynamic attention mechanism, SimRMB is capable of focusing on important regions while minimizing background interference, and by integrating residual learning and skip connections, it ensures the stability of deep networks. To further enhance detection performance, the FasterRepNCSPELAN4 module is introduced, which employs PConv operations to reduce computational load and memory usage. It also utilizes dilated convolutions and DFC attention mechanisms to strengthen feature extraction, thereby increasing the efficiency and accuracy of object detection. Additionally, this study integrates the GhostModuleV2 module, which generates core feature maps and employs lightweight operations to create redundant features, greatly reducing the computational complexity of *** results show that on the SIMD dataset, the improved YOLOv9 model has a parameter size of 167.88 MB and GFLOPs of 208.6. Compared to the baseline YOLOv9 model (parameter size: 194.57 MB, GFLOPs: 239.0), the parameter size is reduced by 13.71%, GFLOPs are reduced by 12.72%, and detection accuracy is improved by 1.4%. These results demonstrate that the proposed lightweight YOLOv9 model effectively reduces computational overhead while maintaining excellent detection performance, providing an efficient solution for object detection tasks in resou

关键词： Satellite imagery

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Optimized Autonomous Computing with Trusted Resilient Data Management for IoT Emerging Networks

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 20778-20785页

作者： Shafique, Ayesha Cheng, Benmao Zhao, Bo Alwakid, Ghadah Naif Haq, Muhammad Inaam Ul Laboratory of Intelligent IOT Technology and Applications in Universities China Jouf University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Computer Science Al Jowf Sakaka72341 Saudi Arabia Quanzhou University of Information Engineering School of Computer Science and Software Engineering Quanzhou362000 China

The innovative city network integrates numerous computational and physical components to develop real-time systems. These systems can capture sensor data and distribute it to end stations. Most solutions have been presented based on the centralized computing paradigm, which effectively and systematically increases data flow;however, distributed wireless technologies and heterogeneous network services continue to raise significant research problems. These challenges lower the optimization criteria and reflect communication structure around the network edges. In this research, we proposed a sustainable development for smart networks using efficient big data management with collaborative decisions for network devices. It differs from most existing work in the mentioned aspect. It applies computational lightweight intelligence for forwarding collected data using mobile collectors and reduces the congestion flow between devices on the limited bandwidth of wireless links. Moreover, the energy load is efficiently managed with edge-driven methods, and the incorporation of trusted devices ensures the integrity of the smart network. It also tackles potential communication threats smartly. Based on the experiments conducted in Network Simulator (NS-3), the proposed model enhances the efficacy of smart networks for performance metrics with reliability and effective management of resources in Internet of Things (IoT) network. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Mathematical models Computational modeling Intelligent sensors Data aggregation Internet of Things Security Routing Load modeling Silicon Data models

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Deep learning-based software engineering: progress,challenges, and opportunities

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Science China(information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 57-144页

作者： Xiangping CHEN Xing HU Yuan HUANG He JIANG Weixing JI Yanjie JIANG Yanyan JIANG Bo LIU Hui LIU Xiaochen LI Xiaoli LIAN Guozhu MENG Xin PENG Hailong SUN Lin SHI Bo WANG Chong WANG Jiayi WANG Tiantian WANG Jifeng XUAN Xin XIA Yibiao YANG Yixin YANG Li ZHANG Yuming ZHOU Lu ZHANG School of Journalism and Communication Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Technology Zhejiang University School of Software Engineering Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Dalian University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Computer Science Peking University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer Science Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment (CCSE) School of Software Beihang University School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology School of Computer Science Wuhan University Huawei Technologies

Researchers have recently achieved significant advances in deep learning techniques, which in turn has substantially advanced other research disciplines, such as natural language processing, image processing, speech recognition, and software engineering. Various deep learning techniques have been successfully employed to facilitate software engineering tasks, including code generation, software refactoring, and fault localization. Many studies have also been presented in top conferences and journals, demonstrating the applications of deep learning techniques in resolving various software engineering tasks. However,although several surveys have provided overall pictures of the application of deep learning techniques in software engineering,they focus more on learning techniques, that is, what kind of deep learning techniques are employed and how deep models are trained or fine-tuned for software engineering tasks. We still lack surveys explaining the advances of subareas in software engineering driven by deep learning techniques, as well as challenges and opportunities in each subarea. To this end, in this study, we present the first task-oriented survey on deep learning-based software engineering. It covers twelve major software engineering subareas significantly impacted by deep learning techniques. Such subareas spread out through the whole lifecycle of software development and maintenance, including requirements engineering, software development, testing, maintenance, and developer collaboration. As we believe that deep learning may provide an opportunity to revolutionize the whole discipline of software engineering, providing one survey covering as many subareas as possible in software engineering can help future research push forward the frontier of deep learning-based software engineering more systematically. For each of the selected subareas,we highlight the major advances achieved by applying deep learning techniques with pointers to the available datasets i

关键词： deep learning software engineering software benchmark software artifact representation survey

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