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information Rates of Successive Interference Cancellation for Optical Fiber

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 2025年第5期43卷 1484-1497页

作者： Jager, Alex Kramer, Gerhard Technical University of Munich Institute of Communications Engineering Department of Computer Engineering School of Computation Information and Technology Munich80333 Germany

Joint detection and decoding (JDD) achieves rates based on information theory but is too complex to implement for many channels with memory or nonlinearities. Successive interference cancellation (SIC) at the receiver, combined with multistage encoding at the transmitter, is a method that lets one use coded modulation for memoryless channels to approach JDD rates. A SIC-based receiver is presented to compensate for interchannel interference in long-haul optical fiber links. Simulations for 1000 km of standard single-mode fiber with ideal distributed Raman amplification, single-polarization transmission, and circularly symmetric complex Gaussian (CSCG) modulation show that SIC attains the achievable information rates (AIRs) of JDD using surrogate channel models with correlated phase and additive noise (CPAN). Moreover, the AIRs of ring constellations are compared to those of CSCG modulation. Simulations show that 32 rings, 16 SIC-stages, and Gaussian message passing on the factor graph of the CPAN surrogate model achieve the JDD rates of CSCG modulation. The computational complexity scales in proportion to the number of SIC-stages, where one stage has complexity similar to separate detection and decoding. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Decoding

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Data-Driven Decision Support by Utilizing Machine Learning to Predict Passenger Flow for Route and Station Optimization

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Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series B 2025年 1-20页

作者： Patel, Madhuri Patel, Samir B. Swain, Debabrata Department of Computer Engineering Pandit Deendayal Energy University Gandhinagar India Department of Information Technology L D College of Engineering Ahmedabad India

A smart public transportation system with reliable services addresses urban challenges like traffic congestion, infrastructure maintenance, travel costs, and pollution. As part of smart city initiatives, urban public transport systems have adopted advanced data collection methods, enabling data analytics and predictive model development. This study evaluates optimal machine learning models for predicting passenger flow across routes and stations within the Thane Municipal Transport (TMT) network using real historical data from March 2021 to May 2022. Key spatial and temporal features such as weekday patterns, route distance and direction, public holidays, COVID-19 impacts, and weather conditions were identified through exploratory data analysis and incorporated into the models. Several algorithms, including Decision Trees, XGBoost, Extra Tree Regressor, and Random Forest, were implemented to predict daily passenger commute on an hourly basis. Random Forest emerged as the most accurate model, achieving an MAE of 114.55, RMSE of 236.71, and an R2 of 0.9516, leveraging its ensemble approach to capture complex, non-linear patterns and ensure robustness to variability, including disruptions caused by the pandemic. These findings provide actionable insights for optimizing route design, bus allocation, maintenance scheduling, and overall transport system efficiency, enabling stakeholders to achieve sustainable and adaptive public transport management. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2025.

关键词： Traffic congestion

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Enhancing aviation safety: Machine learning for real-time ADS-B injection detection through advanced data analysis

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Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 126卷 262-276页

作者： Rahman, Md. Atiqur Bhuiyan, Touhid Ali, M. Ameer Department of Computer Science and Engineering East West university Dhaka Bangladesh School of Information Technology Washington University of Science and Technology Alexandria United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bangladesh University of Business and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh

Airplanes play a critical role in global transportation, ensuring the efficient movement of people and goods. Although generally safe, aviation systems occasionally encounter incidents and accidents that underscore the need for proactive risk management. This study employs machine learning to detect abnormalities in commercial aircraft operations using Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B) data. Given the growing reliance on ADS-B technology, concerns regarding its susceptibility to security breaches, such as injection attacks, have intensified. To address these vulnerabilities, we propose a robust ADS-B injection detection system. Employing GridSearchCV for model optimization, it effectively identifies and categorizes injection risks. The system's performance, evaluated using the ADS-B Message Injection Attacks Dataset, achieves outstanding results, including a value of 0.9970 for the accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The proposed classifier also demonstrates a higher area under the curve (0.9999), specificity (0.9956), and Cohen's kappa (0.9954) than existing approaches, while achieving a lower log loss (0.0107). This research significantly enhances aviation security by introducing a highly accurate, computationally efficient, and reliable real-time detection model for ADS-B injection attacks, ensuring the integrity and resilience of modern flight control systems. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Risk management

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Securing Next-Generation Quantum IoT Applications using Quantum Key Distribution

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IEEE Internet of Things Magazine 2025年第1期8卷 50-56页

作者： Bera, Basudeb Das, Ashok Kumar Sikdar, Biplab The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore The International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad India

The next generation of Quantum Internet of Things (QIoT) has the potential to revolutionize various sectors, including smart homes, healthcare, and smart cities, by enabling more sophisticated and interconnected systems. These applications incorporate advanced features, such as autonomous decision-making based on Quantum Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (QAI/ML) and context-aware functionality. The security of the data in these applications relies on traditional cryptographic techniques, which, however, face a growing threat due to the significant advancements in quantum computing, especially with the Shor’s algorithm. This algorithm poses a substantial risk of breaking conventional cryptographic methods within a feasible timeframe. To address these emerging security challenges in the quantum realm, we propose a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) based on the BB84 protocol. This approach aims to provide robust authentication using certificates through a classical channel and secure quantum key exchange via a quantum channel in a public environment. The proposed QKD scheme is implemented using a client-server model in Python and Qiskit, demonstrating its practicality in real-world applications. The obtained results showcase the successful establishment of a secure session key between IoT smart (sensor) devices and gateway nodes, effectively mitigating potential threats such as eavesdropping. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Smart homes

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An Integrated Framework with Enhanced Primitives for Post-Quantum Cryptography: HEDT and ECSIDH for Cloud Data Security and Key Exchange

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第11期49卷 165-176页

作者： Ilias, Shaik Mohammad Sharmila, V. Ceronmani Durga, V. Sathya Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India Department of Information Technology Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India Department of Computer Science&Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India

If adversaries were to obtain quantum computers in the future, their massive computing power would likely break existing security schemes. Since security is a continuous process, more substantial security schemes must be developed. Current PQC schemes primarily focus on data security or key exchange, and further improvement towards enhanced PQC primitives is required. Our proposal in this research is an innovative paradigm for PQC-focused cloud data security. The proposed HEDT approach achieves encryption and decryption with significantly lower latency (20% improvement) and higher reliability than AES, DES, and RSA, as demonstrated through experimental results. Furthermore, ECSIDH, a hybrid key exchange mechanism combining SIDH and ECDH, improves security strength by 50% while maintaining computational costs within 1.13x of SIDH. Compared to individual key exchange schemes like SIDH, ECSIDH offers superior security as a PQC candidate. These results confirm the robustness and efficiency of the proposed framework in ensuring secure data outsourcing and key exchange in cloud environments. © 2025 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum computers

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An ensemble approach for classification of diabetic retinopathy in fundus image

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第12期84卷 10567-10586页

作者： Prakash, J. Vinoth kumar, B. Department of Computer Science & Engineering PSG College of Technology Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India Department of Information Technology PSG College of Technology Tamil Nadu Coimbatore India

Diabetes-oriented diabetic retinopathy impacts the blood vessels in the region of the retina to enlarge and leak blood and other fluids. In most cases, diabetic retinopathy affects both eyes. If left untreated, it would eventually lead to blindness. Diabetic Retinopathy is so widespread that around 93 million adults are affected by it on a worldwide scale. Early identification and treatment would reduce the danger of serious diabetic retinopathy visual impairment. To achieve early detection, we can make use of our advancement in image processing to diagnose how severely the patient is affected by diabetic retinopathy. Using a patient’s fundus image and modern deep learning methods, we will be able to classify the result into five categories of severity: unaffected, severe, mild, moderate, and proliferate. Based on the results, the doctor would be able to determine what type of treatment is required to further avoid vision loss. The strategy outlined in this work is to employ five well-known deep learning models, namely Inception ResNet V2, VGG19, Xception, ResNet50, DenseNet112, and integrate their outcomes successfully utilizing ensemble learning. The experimentation outcome displays that the proposed approach classifies all the classes of Diabetic Retinopathy and performs better compared to other methods with a Specificity of 92.02%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Blood vessels

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IensNet: A novel and efficient approach for iris spoof detection via ensemble of deep models

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-30页

作者： Sharma, Deepika Selwal, Arvind School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology Bennett University Greater Noida201310 India Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Central University of Jammu Samba India

Iris biometrics allow contactless authentication, which makes it widely deployed human recognition mechanisms since the couple of years. Susceptibility of iris identification systems remains a challenging task due to diversity in spoof or presentation attacks (PAs) that fails to assure consistency while adopting them in real life scenarios. Hence, iris PAs are the growing concerns that gained significant attention in recent past decade. To alleviate these attacks or recognize presentation attack instruments (PAIs), iris presentation attacks detection (IPAD) algorithms are designed to distinguish a real and fabricated iris trait. Aiming at the efficient iris spoof detection mechanism, in this research work we expound a novel ensemble learning-enabled model (IensNet) that learns three pre-trained and fined-tuned deep models (i.e. DenseNet161, ResNet and VGGNet) for better accuracy and generalized performance. The novel IensNet approach offers several merits (i.e. consolidated strengths of multiple models, improved generalization ability, etc.) as compared to a simple transfer learning strategy where the knowledge is drawn from single pre-trained model. Finally, our approach learns a novel fully-connected dual layer classifier via outcome of three fine-tuned models to yield a final classification result as bonafide or spoof iris trait. Our approach is evaluated on Notre Dame LivDet iris 2017 and Notre Dame contact lenses 2015 anti-spoofing datasets. The experimental analysis of IensNet offers outstanding performance with a lower ACER of 0.2% and 1.4% for Iris-LivDet-2017 and Notre Dame contact lenses 2015 dataset respectively. Besides, IensNet exhibit promising results in cross-dataset environment with an ACA of 91.46%. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Classification of human-written and AI-generated sentences using a hybrid CNN-GRU model optimized by the spotted hyena algorithm

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Alexandria engineering Journal 2025年 126卷 116-130页

作者： Ragab, Mahmoud Ashary, Ehab Bahaudien Kateb, Faris Hakeem, Abeer Mosli, Rayan Albogami, Nasser N. Nooh, Sameer Information Technology Department Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia Information Systems Department Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah21589 Saudi Arabia

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in generating human-like text poses significant challenges in distinguishing between human-written and AI-generated content. Recent advancements in natural language generation have significantly enhanced the quality and variety of AI-generated text, making it almost indistinguishable from human-written content. ChatGPT, a popular AI model, belongs to the generative pre-trained transformer family. While human content is created with a clear intent to convey meaning, AI-generated text aims to replicate human-like language. Classifying human-written and AI-generated sentences is crucial for addressing issues like fake news, plagiarism, and spamming. AI text often follows repetitive patterns, while human writing is more creative and original, making detection significant for combating misinformation. Therefore, this study proposes to classify human-written and AI-generated sentences using a hybrid CNN-GRU model optimized by the Spotted Hyena Algorithm (CHWAIG-DLSHO) approach. The approach involves preprocessing text data through tokenization, lemmatization, and data splitting, followed by word embedding using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). A hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) model is employed for sentence classification. The spotted hyena optimizer (SHO) model is utilized to fine-tune the hyperparameters of the CNN-GRU model, enhancing its performance. The analysis of the CHWAIG-DLSHO method takes place utilizing AI vs. human text dataset. The performance validation of the CHWAIG-DLSHO method portrayed a superior accuracy value of 99.17 % over existing techniques. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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NSGT: A Plasma Position Prediction Method for the HL-2A Tokamak Device Based on Transformer

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 72875-72882页

作者： Zhou, Ling Yang, Bin Lin, Xiangcheng Zhu, Kaihao Lan, Ziran Li, Xiangwen Chengdu University of Technology The Engineering and Technology College Department of Electronic Information and Computer Engineering Leshan614000 China Southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu610225 China

In the discharge experiments of the HL-2A Tokamak device, plasma position prediction plays a crucial role in aspects such as the closed - loop control of HL-2A and verifying the correctness of the plasma controller design. In previous studies, methods based on traditional equations and LSTM have made significant progress in plasma position prediction. However, plasma position prediction is of extremely high complexity, and these methods have difficulty in achieving further improvement on this issue. To address the problem that the performance of traditional methods is hard to enhance further, we propose a Non - Stationary - Gated Linear Unit Transformer (NSGT) model integrating multi - source data processing. In this model, we select data from historical discharge experiments as the input of the NSGT model, and use the improved Transformer structure to model the global features of the multi - source fused data. The experimental results show that the NSGT model has a significant reduction in the root - mean - square error of prediction compared with the LSTM method, effectively supporting the real - time adjustment of the closed - loop control system. This method not only improves the prediction accuracy but also provides important technical support for achieving more stable and safe operation of the Tokamak device. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Tokamak devices

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ProxaDyn: A Proximity-Aware Dynamic Caching Approach for Named Data Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Network Science and engineering 2025年第3期12卷 2360-2372页

作者： Kumari, Matta Krishna Tripathi, Nikhil Joshi, Piyush Indian Institute of Information Technology Computer Science and Engineering Group Sri City517 646 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dhanbad826 004 India

Named Data Network (NDN), a future Internet architecture is introduced to address the shortcomings of the current Internet architecture. NDN supports in-network caching to facilitate scalable content distribution and enhance overall network performance. However, the known NDN caching strategies suffer from a few common drawbacks, such as inefficient cache utilization, high content redundancy, and overhead due to lookup repetition. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a novel caching strategy called ProxaDyn for efficient content lookup, placement, and replacement. During the content lookup phase, ProxaDyn interacts exclusively with the router responsible for caching a particular content. This eliminates interaction with other intermediate routers, thereby significantly reducing content access latency. For content placement, ProxaDyn strategically selects an on-path router based on content popularity. Popular content is placed in the cache of a router closer to the consumer, while less popular content is cached in a router away from the consumer. This approach significantly improves the cache hits and reduces the access latency. We test ProxaDyn over a diverse range of real-world network topologies. Using extensive experiments, we show that ProxaDyn could achieve significantly better results compared to the state-of-the-art NDN caching strategies. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Data communication systems

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