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SPP-CNN: An Efficient Framework for Network Robustness Prediction

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wu, Chengpei Lou, Yang Wang, Lin Li, Junli Li, Xiang Chen, Guanrong The College of Computer Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu610066 China The Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education Shanghai200240 China The Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan The Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China The Institute of Complex Networks and Intelligent Systems Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji University Shanghai201210 China The Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai200240 China The Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

This paper addresses the robustness of a network to sustain its connectivity and controllability against malicious attacks. This kind of network robustness is typically measured by the time-consuming attack simulation, which returns a sequence of values that record the remaining connectivity and controllability after a sequence of node- or edge-removal attacks. For improvement, this paper develops an efficient framework for network robustness prediction, the spatial pyramid pooling convolutional neural network (SPP-CNN). The new framework installs a spatial pyramid pooling layer between the convolutional and fully-connected layers, overcoming the common mismatch issue in the CNN-based prediction approaches and extending its generalizability. Extensive experiments are carried out by comparing SPP-CNN with three state-of-the-art robustness predictors, namely a CNN-based and two graph neural networks-based frameworks. Synthetic and real-world networks, both directed and undirected, are investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SPP-CNN achieves better prediction performances and better generalizability to unknown datasets, with significantly lower time-consumption, than its counterparts. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Complex networks

Security-enhanced timed-release encryption in the random oracle model 6th

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Security-enhanced timed-release encryption in the random ora...

6th International Symposium on Security and Privacy in Social networks and Big Data, SocialSec 2020

作者： Yuan, Ke Wang, Yahui Zeng, Yingming Ouyang, Wenlei Li, Zheng Jia, Chunfu School of Computer and Information Engineering Henan University Kaifeng475004 China International Joint Research Laboratory for Cooperative Vehicular Networks of Henan Kaifeng475004 China Beijing Institute of Computer Technology and Applications Beijing100854 China College of Cyberspace Security Nankai University Tianjin300350 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811590306

Timed-release encryption (TRE) is a cryptographic primitive that the sender specifies the future decryption time of the receiver. At present, most TRE schemes implement the control of decryption time based on non-interactive time server to publish time trapdoors periodically. However, the generation of a large number of time trapdoors depend on the generation of the fixed private keys of the time server, so a large number of public parameters about the private keys of the time server can then be used for cryptanalysis, which poses a great threat to the security of the private keys of the time server. To solve this problem, a concrete scheme of TRE in the random oracle model are proposed. In our scheme, time trapdoors published by the time server are generated by the private key of the time server and the random number generated in advance. Compared with the most efficient scheme in the random oracle model, our concrete scheme reduces the time consumption by about 10.8%, at the same time it has achieved the one-time-pad of the time trapdoor, which greatly enhances the security of the private key of the time server, and thus enhances the security and effectiveness of the TRE. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2020.

关键词： Random number generation

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI): An engineering perspective

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Hussain, Fatima Hussain, Rasheed Hossain, Ekram User Behaviour Analytics and Insider Threat Team Royal Bank of Canada Toronto Canada Networks and Blockchain Laboratory Innopolis University Innopolis Russia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada

The remarkable advancements in Deep Learning (DL) algorithms have fueled enthusiasm for using Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in almost every domain;however, the opaqueness of these algorithms put a question mark on their applications in safety-critical systems. In this regard, the ‘explainability’ dimension is not only essential to both explain the inner workings of black-box algorithms, but it also adds accountability and transparency dimensions that are of prime importance for regulators, consumers, and service providers. eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is the set of techniques and methods to convert the so-called black-box AI algorithms to white-box algorithms, where the results achieved by these algorithms and the variables, parameters, and steps taken by the algorithm to reach the obtained results, are transparent and explainable. To complement the existing literature on XAI, in this paper, we take an ‘engineering’ approach to illustrate the concepts of XAI. We discuss the stakeholders in XAI and describe the mathematical contours of XAI from engineering perspective. Then we take the autonomous car as a use-case and discuss the applications of XAI for its different components such as object detection, perception, control, action decision, and so on. This work is an exploratory study to identify new avenues of research in the field of XAI. © 2021, CC0.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles

Modulation format identification in fiber communications using single dynamical node-based photonic reservoir computing

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Photonics Research 2021年第1期9卷 I0010-I0017页

作者： QIANG CAI YA GUO PU LI ADONIS BOGRIS KALAN SHORE YAMEI ZHANG YUNCAI WANG Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System Ministry of EducationTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China School of Electronics and Information Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Informatics and Computer Engineering University of West AtticaAthens 12243Greece School of Electronic Engineering Bangor UniversityWales LL571UTUK Key Laboratory of Radar Imaging and Microwave Photonics Ministry of EducationNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

We present a simple approach based on photonic reservoir computing(P-RC)for modulation format identification(MFI)in optical fiber *** an optically injected semiconductor laser with self-delay feedback is trained with the representative features from the asynchronous amplitude histograms of modulation *** simulations are conducted for three widely used modulation formats(on–off keying,differential phase-shift keying,and quadrature amplitude modulation)for various transmission situations where the optical signal-to-noise ratio varies from 12 to 26 d B,the chromatic dispersion varies from-500 to 500 ps/nm,and the differential group delay varies from 0 to 20 *** these situations,final simulation results demonstrate that this technique can efficiently identify all those modulation formats with an accuracy of>95%after optimizing the control parameters of the P-RC layer such as the injection strength,feedback strength,bias current,and frequency *** proposed technique utilizes very simple devices and thus offers a resource-efficient alternative approach to MFI.

关键词： fiber tuning computing

Noise-Tolerant Learning for Audio-Visual Action Recognition

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Han, Haochen Zheng, Qinghua Luo, Minnan Miao, Kaiyao Tian, Feng Chen, Yan The National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China The School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security Xi’an Jiaotong University Ministry of Education Xi’an710049 China The School of Cyber Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Recently, video recognition is emerging with the help of multi-modal learning, which focuses on integrating distinct modalities to improve the performance or robustness of the model. Although various multi-modal learning methods have been proposed and offer remarkable recognition results, almost all of these methods rely on high-quality manual annotations and assume that modalities among multi-modal data provide semantically relevant information. Unfortunately, the widely used video datasets are usually coarse-annotated or collected from the Internet. Thus, it inevitably contains a portion of noisy labels and noisy correspondence. To address this challenge, we use the audio-visual action recognition task as a proxy and propose a noise-tolerant learning framework to find anti-interference model parameters against both noisy labels and noisy correspondence. Specifically, our method consists of two phases that aim to rectify noise by the inherent correlation between modalities. First, a noise-tolerant contrastive training phase is performed to make the model immune to the possible noisy-labeled data. Despite the benefits brought by contrastive training, it would overfit the noisy correspondence and thus provide false supervision. To alleviate the influence of noisy correspondence, we propose a cross-modal noise estimation component to adjust the consistency between different modalities. As the noisy correspondence existed at the instance level, we further propose a category-level contrastive loss to reduce its interference. Second, in the hybrid-supervised training phase, we calculate the distance metric among features to obtain corrected labels, which are used as complementary supervision to guide the training. Furthermore, due to the lack of suitable datasets, we establish a benchmark of real-world noisy correspondence in audio-visual data by relabeling the Kinetics dataset. Extensive experiments on a wide range of noisy levels demonstrate that our method significant

关键词： Modal analysis

An Incentive Mechanism Considering Privacy Metric for Personalized Application

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Xie, Yun Li, Peng Zhang, Jindan Attar, Razaz Waheeb Arya, Varsha Gupta, Brij B. Nanjing Vocational College of Information Technology Jiangsu Province Service Customization Network Application Engineering Research Center Jiangsu Province Service Customization Network Application Engineering Research Center Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computer Science Nanjing210023 China Jiangsu High Technology Research Key Laboratory for Wireless Sensor Networks Nanjing210023 China Xianyang Polytechnic Institute China Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University College of Business Administration Management Department Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Hong Kong Metropolitan University Hong Kong Hong Kong Center for Interdisciplinary Research Dehradun India Asia University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taichung413 Taiwan China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Department of Medical Research Taichung Taiwan Pune India Korea University School of Cybersecurity Seoul Korea Republic of Kyung Hee University Kyungheedae-ro Seoul26 Korea Republic of

Edge-based federated learning (EFL) is a solution for personalized applications. It addresses the limitations of cloud-based consumer service systems, such as data privacy and network latency. To further enhance the EFL system’s ability to protect data privacy, differential privacy (DP) is introduced. It is crucial to motivate high-quality collaboration among participants for optimal performance of the DP-EFL system. Researchers primarily focus on efficient learning algorithms, optimized resource scheduling, and user-oriented incentive mechanisms. Existing research exhibits notable limitations in modeling and analyzing the heterogeneity of resource costs (e.g., communication costs), particularly failing to comprehensively account for the additional costs imposed by participants’ privacy protection mechanisms‌. To address this gap, we propose a novel market transaction model based on Stackelberg game theory. This framework integrates incentive-driven reward allocation mechanisms to rigorously investigate the collaborative behaviors and strategic interactions between edge nodes (ENs) and the cloud server (CS)‌. We incorporate privacy costs into the multidimensional costs of participants with privacy metric, and based on this, derived collaboration strategies between ENs and CS, thus solving the Stackelberg game problem by theoretical analysis. Furthermore, numerical experiments validated the rationality of our proposed model, the impact of strategies on the performance of collaborators, and the advantages over other incentive mechanisms. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Federated learning

The Interplay between Artificial Intelligence and Fog Radio Access networks

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China Communications 2020年第8期17卷 1-13页

作者： Wenchao Xia Xinruo Zhang Gan Zheng Jun Zhang Shi Jin Hongbo Zhu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Engineering Research Center of Health Service System Based on Ubiquitous Wireless Networks Ministry of EducationNanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China Department of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of EssexColchester CO43SQU.K. Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering Loughborough UniversityLeicestershire LE113TUU.K. National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China

The interplay between artificial intelligence(AI) and fog radio access networks(F-RANs) is investigated in this work from two perspectives: how F-RANs enable hierarchical AI to be deployed in wireless networks and how AI makes F-RANs smarter to better serve mobile devices. Due to the heterogeneity of processing capability, the cloud, fog, and device layers in F-RANs provide hierarchical intelligence via centralized, distributed, and federated learning. In addition, cross-layer learning is also introduced to further reduce the demand for the memory size of the mobile devices. On the other hand, AI provides F-RANs with technologies and methods to deal with massive data and make smarter decisions. Specifically, machine learning tools such as deep neural networks are introduced for data processing, while reinforcement learning(RL) algorithms are adopted for network optimization and decisions. Then, two examples of AI-based applications in F-RANs, i.e., health monitoring and intelligent transportation systems, are presented, followed by a case study of an RL-based caching application in the presence of spatio-temporal unknown content popularity to showcase the potential of applying AI to F-RANs.

关键词： artificial intelligence(AI) fog radio access network(F-RAN) machine learning network optimization

Energy-Constrained Computation Offloading in Space-Air-Ground Integrated networks using Distributionally Robust Optimization

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Chen, Yali Ai, Bo Niu, Yong Zhang, Hongliang Han, Zhu The State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-Speed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Data Analysis Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China Research Center of Networks and Communications Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen China The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing211189 China The Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Houston HoustonTX77004 United States The Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee University Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

With the rapid development of connecting massive devices to the Internet, especially for remote areas without cellular network infrastructures, space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs) emerge and offload computation-intensive tasks. In this paper, we consider a SAGIN, where multiple low-earthorbit (LEO) satellites providing connections to the cloud server, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and nearby base stations (BSs) providing edge computing services are included. The UAV flies along a fixed trajectory to collect tasks generated by Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and forwards these tasks to a BS or the cloud server for further processing. To facilitate efficient processing, the UAV needs to decide where to offload as well as the proportion of offloaded tasks. However, in practice, due to the variability of environment and actual demand, the amount of arrival tasks is uncertain. If the deterministic optimization is utilized to develop offloading strategy, unnecessary system overhead or higher task drop rate may occur, which severely damages the system robustness. To address this issue, we characterize the uncertainty with a data-driven approach, and formulate a distributionally robust optimization problem to minimize the expected energy-constrained system latency under the worst-case probability distribution. Furthermore, the distributionally robust latency optimization algorithm is proposed to reach the suboptimal solution. Finally, we perform simulations on the realworld data set, and compare with other benchmark schemes to verify the efficiency and robustness of our proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Probability distributions

Improving Adversarial Robustness via Mutual Information Estimation

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Zhou, Dawei Wang, Nannan Gao, Xinbo Han, Bo Wang, Xiaoyu Zhan, Yibing Liu, Tongliang State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications China Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China JD Explore Academy China TML Lab Sydney AI Centre The University of Sydney Australia

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are found to be vulnerable to adversarial noise. They are typically misled by adversarial samples to make wrong predictions. To alleviate this negative effect, in this paper, we investigate the dependence between outputs of the target model and input adversarial samples from the perspective of information theory, and propose an adversarial defense method. Specifically, we first measure the dependence by estimating the mutual information (MI) between outputs and the natural patterns of inputs (called natural MI) and MI between outputs and the adversarial patterns of inputs (called adversarial MI), respectively. We find that adversarial samples usually have larger adversarial MI and smaller natural MI compared with those w.r.t. natural samples. Motivated by this observation, we propose to enhance the adversarial robustness by maximizing the natural MI and minimizing the adversarial MI during the training process. In this way, the target model is expected to pay more attention to the natural pattern that contains objective semantics. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that our method could effectively improve the adversarial accuracy against multiple attacks. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Information theory