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arXiv 2023年

作者： Dai, Bolun Huang, Heming Krishnamurthy, Prashanth Khorrami, Farshad Control/Robotics Research Laboratory Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Tandon School of Engineering New York University BrooklynNY11201 United States

Control barrier functions (CBFs) have been widely used for synthesizing controllers in safety-critical applications. When used as a safety filter, it provides a simple and computationally efficient way to obtain safe controls from a possibly unsafe performance controller. Despite its conceptual simplicity, constructing a valid CBF is well known to be challenging, especially for high-relative degree systems under nonconvex constraints. Recently, work has been done to learn a valid CBF from data based on a handcrafted CBF (HCBF). Even though the HCBF gives a good initialization point, it still requires a large amount of data to train the CBF network. In this work, we propose a new method to learn more efficiently from the collected data through a novel prioritized data sampling strategy. A priority score is computed from the loss value of each data point. Then, a probability distribution based on the priority score of the data points is used to sample data and update the learned CBF. Using our proposed approach, we can learn a valid CBF that recovers a larger portion of the true safe set using a smaller amount of data. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated in simulation on a unicycle and a two-link arm. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Controllers

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Suturing Tasks Automation Based on Skills Learned from Demonstrations: A Simulation Study

Suturing Tasks Automation Based on Skills Learned from Demon...

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International Symposium on Medical robotics (ISMR)

作者： Haoying Zhou Yiwei Jiang Shang Gao Shiyue Wang Peter Kazanzides Gregory S. Fischer Department of Robotics Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester MA USA Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350377118

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377125

In this work, we develop an open-source surgical simulation environment that includes a realistic model obtained by MRI-scanning a physical phantom, for the purpose of training and evaluating a Learning from Demonstration (LfD) algorithm for autonomous suturing. The LfD algorithm utilizes Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMP) and Locally Weighted Regression (LWR), but focuses on the needle trajectory, rather than the instruments, to obtain better generality with respect to needle grasps. We conduct a user study to collect multiple suturing demonstrations and perform a comprehensive analysis of the ability of the LfD algorithm to generalize from a demonstration at one location in one phantom to different locations in the same phantom and to a different phantom. Our results indicate good generalization, on the order of 91.5%, when learning from more experienced subjects, indicating the need to integrate skill assessment in the future.

关键词： Training Medical robotics Automation Heuristic algorithms Instruments Phantoms Needles

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Low-cost Mars Terrain Classification System Based on Coarse-grained Annotation

Low-cost Mars Terrain Classification System Based on Coarse-...

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2022 IEEE International Conference on robotics and Biomimetics, ROBIO 2022

作者： Zhang, Jian Chen, Yeheng Zhu, Shiqiang Li, Yuehua Xie, Tian Gu, Jason Research Center for Intelligent Robotics Research Institute of Interdisciplinary Innovation Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou311100 China Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Robotics Hangzhou311100 China Dalhousie University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HalifaxNSB3H 4R2 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665481090

Due to communication latency with remote ground sites, automatic recognition of Mars terrain is essential for the path-planning of rovers. Currently, most vision-based terrain classification require thousands of fine-grained training samples, while the undefined terrains on Mars are difficult to be classified or fine-grained labeled. Actually, most of the terrain categories can only be coarse-grained labeled due to several limitations, such as overlapped sub-regions, blurred borders, etc. To solve this problem, CACMT (Coarse-grained Annotation-based Classification for Mars Terrain) is proposed to generate the global fine-grained classification map from the local coarse-grained data. Specifically, the complete pipeline is decomposed into (i) annotation rules with unique design, (ii) hierarchical feature fusion network for predicting sub-features of terrain (iii) and a generator for outputting dense terrain categories of Mars. Finally, the results of actual data on Mars demonstrate that the terrain sub-features can be successfully recognized and a dense terrain classification map can be generated applying only coarse-grained labeled images. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Motion planning

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Differentiable Optimization Based Time-Varying Control Barrier Functions for Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Dai, Bolun Khorrambakht, Rooholla Krishnamurthy, Prashanth Khorrami, Farshad Control/Robotics Research Laboratory Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Tandon School of Engineering New York University BrooklynNY11201 United States

Control barrier functions (CBFs) provide a simple yet effective way for safe control synthesis. Recently, work has been done using differentiable optimization (diffOpt) based methods to systematically construct CBFs for static obstacle avoidance tasks between geometric shapes. In this work, we extend the application of diffOpt CBFs to perform dynamic obstacle avoidance tasks. We show that by using the time-varying CBF (TVCBF) formulation, we can perform obstacle avoidance for dynamic geometric obstacles. Additionally, we show how to extend the TVCBF constraint to consider measurement noise and actuation limits. To demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach, we first compare its performance with a model predictive control based method and a circular CBF based method on a simulated dynamic obstacle avoidance task. Then, we demonstrate the performance of our proposed approach in experimental studies using a 7-degree-of-freedom Franka Research 3 robotic manipulator. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Model predictive control

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A Novel Stiffness Programmable Method for Environment-adaptive Crawling Robot

A Novel Stiffness Programmable Method for Environment-adapti...

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2022 IEEE International Conference on robotics and Biomimetics, ROBIO 2022

作者： Luo, Yudong Zhao, Na Shen, Yantao Dalian Maritime University Morphing Robotics Laboratory Department of Computer Science and Technology Liaoning Dalian116021 China University of Nevada Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering RenoNV89557 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665481090

Benefitting from the adjustable body stiffness, crawling animals such as earthworms can crawl in soil with different hardnesses. To address one of the main challenges of variable stiffness in crawling robots, this paper presents a new concept of tuning stiffness characteristics based on the mechanical stiffening method, constructs the stiffness model of the robot, and performs a proof-of-concept based on a custom-built crawling robot prototype. The robot is composed of a group of specially designed scissor elements, which allows it to achieve bidirectional continuous deformation, thereby enabling continuous stiffness regulation. The stiffness can be adjusted simply by programming the input to the actuators or modi-fying the number of scissor elements, making it easy control, fast response, and high energy efficiency. Then, the stiffness mathematical model of the novel crawling robot segment is established, and the physical parameters are excavated on the basis of numerous numerical simulations. Finally, the 3D-printed prototype of the robot is constructed for experiments, and the results demonstrate the feasibility of tuning the stiffness characteristics based on the proposed scissor element enabled mechanism, which provides a new perspective on the way to change the stiffness of the crawling robot. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Stiffness

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Sim-to-Real Grasp Detection with Global-to-Local RGB-D Adaptation

Sim-to-Real Grasp Detection with Global-to-Local RGB-D Adapt...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Haoxiang Ma Ran Qin Modi Shi Boyang Gao Di Huang State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Geometry Robotics and the School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

This paper focuses on the sim-to-real issue of RGB-D grasp detection and formulates it as a domain adaptation problem. In this case, we present a global-to-local method to address hybrid domain gaps in RGB and depth data and insufficient multi-modal feature alignment. First, a self-supervised rotation pre-training strategy is adopted to deliver robust initialization for RGB and depth networks. We then propose a global-to-local alignment pipeline with individual global domain classifiers for scene features of RGB and depth images as well as a local one specifically working for grasp features in the two modalities. In particular, we propose a grasp prototype adaptation module, which aims to facilitate fine-grained local feature alignment by dynamically updating and matching the grasp prototypes from the simulation and real-world scenarios throughout the training process. Due to such designs, the proposed method substantially reduces the domain shift and thus leads to consistent performance improvements. Extensive experiments are conducted on the GraspNet-Planar benchmark and physical environment, and superior results are achieved which demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Code is available at https://***/mahaoxiang822/GL-MSDA.

关键词： Training Codes Pipelines Prototypes Benchmark testing Robustness robotics and automation

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HGDiffuser: Efficient Task-Oriented Grasp Generation via Human-Guided Grasp Diffusion Models

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Huang, Dehao Dong, Wenlong Tang, Chao Zhang, Hong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Robotics and Computer Vision Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China

Task-oriented grasping (TOG) is essential for robots to perform manipulation tasks, requiring grasps that are both stable and compliant with task-specific constraints. Humans naturally grasp objects in a task-oriented manner to facilitate subsequent manipulation tasks. By leveraging human grasp demonstrations, current methods can generate high-quality robotic parallel-jaw task-oriented grasps for diverse objects and tasks. However, they still encounter challenges in maintaining grasp stability and sampling efficiency. These methods typically rely on a two-stage process: first performing exhaustive task-agnostic grasp sampling in the 6-DoF space, then applying demonstration-induced constraints (e.g., contact regions and wrist orientations) to filter candidates. This leads to inefficiency and potential failure due to the vast sampling space. To address this, we propose the Human-guided Grasp Diffuser (HGDiffuser), a diffusion-based framework that integrates these constraints into a guided sampling process. Through this approach, HGDiffuser directly generates 6-DoF task-oriented grasps in a single stage, eliminating exhaustive task-agnostic sampling. Furthermore, by incorporating Diffusion Transformer (DiT) blocks as the feature backbone, HGDiffuser improves grasp generation quality compared to MLP-based methods. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach significantly improves the efficiency of task-oriented grasp generation, enabling more effective transfer of human grasping strategies to robotic systems. To access the source code and supplementary videos, visit https://***/ view/hgdiffuser. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： robotics

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Sim-to-Real Grasp Detection with Global-to-Local RGB-D Adaptation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Ma, Haoxiang Qin, Ran Shi, Modi Gao, Boyang Huang, Di The State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing China The Geometry Robotics and the School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China

关键词：

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Robot Person Following Under Partial Occlusion

Robot Person Following Under Partial Occlusion

引用

IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Hanjing Ye Jieting Zhao Yaling Pan Weinan Cherr Li He Hong Zhang Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Robotics and Computer Vision Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) SUSTech Biomimetic and Intelligent Robotics Lab Guangdong University of Technology

Robot person following (RPF) is a capability that supports many useful human-robot-interaction (HRI) applications. However, existing solutions to person following often as-sume full observation of the tracked person. As a consequence, they cannot track the person reliably under partial occlusion where the assumption of full observation is not satisfied. In this paper, we focus on the problem of robot person following under partial occlusion caused by a limited field of view of a monocular camera. Based on the key insight that it is possible to locate the target person when one or more of hislher joints are visible, we propose a method in which each visible joint contributes a location estimate of the followed person. Experiments on a public person-following dataset show that, even under partial occlusion, the proposed method can still locate the person more reliably than the existing SOTA methods. As well, the application of our method is demonstrated in real experiments on a mobile robot.

关键词：

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HTD: A Fast Human-centered Text-locating Method for Auxiliary Reading 4

HTD: A Fast Human-centered Text-locating Method for Auxiliar...

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4th International Conference on robotics and computer Vision, ICRCV 2022

作者： Yu, Zhenghong Wang, Hao Yang, Hang Zhou, Huabing Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Technology School of Robotics Zhuhai China Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot Wuhan Institute of Technology College of Computer Science and Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (数字)9781665481700

ISBN: (纸本)9781665481700

As computer vision and human-computer interaction technologies are getting mature, vision-based auxiliary text reading has become the mainstream method to optimize learning and reading experience. To overcome the drawbacks of the common multi-step detection way and further improve the text reading experience, we propose a new human-centered fast text-locating method, named HTD. It transforms the relatively time-consuming serial procedure to a hybrid object detection problem, utilizing the hand-text hybrid object detection model to instantly locate the text of interest to readers. Considering the particularity of this task, we choose to perform the weighted NMS to infer final predicted bounding box. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we tested the performance on the homemade hand-text hybrid object detection dataset HTDD. The experiment indicated that our proposed method is more efficiency and can produce satisfying results, which could meet the needs of human-computer interactive auxiliary reading in text reading scenarios. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Object detection

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