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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Xu Zhang, Huan Wang, Guoli Zhang, Qian Zhang, Lefei Du, Bo The Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China The Hubei Luojia Laboratory Wuhan China The National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software Hubei Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Network Communication Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China The School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China The Horizon Robotics Beijing100083 China

Existing underwater image restoration (UIR) methods generally only handle color distortion or jointly address color and haze issues, but they often overlook the more complex degradations that can occur in underwater scenes. To address this limitation, we propose a Universal Underwater Image Restoration method, termed as UniUIR, considering the complex scenario of real-world underwater mixed distortions as an all-in-one manner. To decouple degradation-specific issues and explore the inter-correlations among various degradations in UIR task, we designed the Mamba Mixture-of-Experts module. This module enables each expert to identify distinct types of degradation and collaboratively extract task-specific priors while maintaining global feature representation based on linear complexity. Building upon this foundation, to enhance degradation representation and address the task conflicts that arise when handling multiple types of degradation, we introduce the spatial-frequency prior generator. This module extracts degradation prior information in both spatial and frequency domains, and adaptively selects the most appropriate task-specific prompts based on image content, thereby improving the accuracy of image restoration. Finally, to more effectively address complex, region-dependent distortions in UIR task, we incorporate depth information derived from a large-scale pre-trained depth prediction model, thereby enabling the network to perceive and leverage depth variations across different image regions to handle localized degradation. Extensive experiments demonstrate that UniUIR can produce more attractive results across qualitative and quantitative comparisons, and shows strong generalization than state-of-the-art methods. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Design and Analysis of a Novel Hybrid Grasping Mode Microgripper for High Precision Tasks

Design and Analysis of a Novel Hybrid Grasping Mode Microgri...

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IEEE International WIE Conference on Electrical and computer engineering (WIECON-ECE)

作者： Tilok Kumar Das Rifat Shahrear Arpita Das Bijan Shirinzadeh Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET) Chattogram Bangladesh Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Temple University Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Robotics and Mechatronics Research Laboratory Monash University Melbourne Australia

This paper represents a novel piezoelectric actuated flexure-based compliant microgripper which can perform both parallel and angular grasping regardless of the geometric surface of the objects. Two compliant bridge-type mechanisms along with two symmetrical microgripper jaws at the end of the two side arms are accommodated to construct the microgripper. The two side arms of the microgripper act as lever-type amplification mechanisms. Simultaneous actuation of two bridge-type mechanisms is needed to perform linearized parallel grasping. The symmetric design is adopted to maintain better stability. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has been performed to evaluate the performance of the microgripper. FEA shows that each jaw of the microgripper can achieve a displacement of 141.72 $\mu\mathrm{m}$ resulting in a total displacement of 283.44 $\mu \mathrm{m}$ with an amplification ratio of 10.7 and 0.715% parasitic motion in y-direction of the X -axis displacement during parallel grasping. Also, each jaw can achieve a displacement of 283.88 $\mu\mathrm{m}$ which results in a total displacement of 567.76 $\mu\mathrm{m}$ with an amplification ratio of 21.5 and 5.17 mrad angular rotation about the Z-axis during angular grasping. The FEA suggests that the microgripper is capable of both parallel and angular grasping/releasing tasks.

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Optimizing Uncertainty Estimation on Scientific Visualizations Using Learning Models

Optimizing Uncertainty Estimation on Scientific Visualizatio...

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High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, SC-W: Workshops of the International Conference for

作者： Clara J. Almeida David Guerrero-Pantoja Erik Pautsch Silvio Rizzi George K. Thiruvathukal Maria Pantoja Robotics and Electrical Engineering University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz USA Computer Science and Game Design University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz USA Computer Science Loyola University Chicago Chicago USA Argonne Leadership Computing Facility Argonne National Laboratory USA Computer Science and Software Engineering California Polytechnics State University San Luis Obispo USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350355543

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355550

Scientific visualizations (SciVis) translate numerical and spatial data as images, enabling scientists to better understand the phenomena described by the data and gain insights that may be overlooked by statistical methods alone. In recent years, machine learning, particularly Deep Learning (DL), has driven significant advancements in SciVis. By combining classical numerical techniques with DL methods, we can create models that potentially achieve the accuracies needed for real-world industrial applications and simulations. However, DL models often exhibit undue confidence, particularly when faced with inputs that differ significantly from the data they were trained on, known as out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. This can lead to misclassifications where the model still produces high confidence scores, reflected in elevated softmax output values, even though its prediction is incorrect. Ideally, in such cases, the model should indicate uncertainty, effectively saying, "I do not know." In this work, we enhance the trustworthiness of DL models by quantifying their uncertainty and enabling selective classification, where the model abstains from making predictions when uncertainty is high. Instead of providing a single prediction, our model outputs a prediction distribution, allowing users to determine whether human intervention or other actions are necessary for handling high-uncertainty outputs. This paper evaluates uncertainty quantification across three different tasks: predicting airfoil pressure and velocity using a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model on a custom airfoil dataset, image classification using the ImageNet1K dataset, and digit recognition using the MNIST handwritten digits dataset.

关键词： Uncertainty Statistical analysis Atmospheric modeling Computational modeling Predictive models Spatial databases Numerical models Reliability Automotive components Standards

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Low-Light Enhancement Effect on Classification and Detection: An Empirical Study

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wu, Xu Lai, Zhihui Jie, Zhou Gao, Can Hou, Xianxu Zhang, Ya-Nan Shen, Linlin The Computer Vision Institute College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Shenzhen518060 China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China School of AI and Advanced Computing Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University China The National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University SZU Branch Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Guangdong Shenzhen518060 China

Low-light images are commonly encountered in real-world scenarios, and numerous low-light image enhancement (LLIE) methods have been proposed to improve the visibility of these images. The primary goal of LLIE is to generate clearer images that are more visually pleasing to humans. However, the impact of LLIE methods in high-level vision tasks, such as image classification and object detection, which rely on high-quality image datasets, is not well explored. To explore the impact, we comprehensively evaluate LLIE methods on these high-level vision tasks by utilizing an empirical investigation comprising image classification and object detection experiments. The evaluation reveals a dichotomy: While Low-Light Image Enhancement (LLIE) methods enhance human visual interpretation, their effect on computer vision tasks is inconsistent and can sometimes be harmful. Our findings suggest a disconnect between image enhancement for human visual perception and for machine analysis, indicating a need for LLIE methods tailored to support high-level vision tasks effectively. This insight is crucial for the development of LLIE techniques that align with the needs of both human and machine vision. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine vision

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Robotic Learning of Haptic Skills from Expert Demonstration for Contact-Rich Manufacturing Tasks

Robotic Learning of Haptic Skills from Expert Demonstration ...

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IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and engineering (CASE)

作者： Sara Hamdan Yusuf Aydin Erhan Oztop Cagatay Basdogan Robotics and Mechatronics Laboratory and the KUIS-AI Center Koc University Istanbul Turkey Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering MEF University Istanbul Turkey Department of Computer Science Ozyegin University Istanbul Turkey SISReC/OTRI Osaka University Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798350358513

ISBN: (纸本)9798350358520

We propose a learning from demonstration (LfD) approach that utilizes an interaction (admittance) controller and two force sensors for the robot to learn the force applied by an expert from demonstrations in contact-rich tasks such as robotic polishing. Our goal is to equip the robot with the haptic expertise of an expert by using a machine learning (ML) approach while providing the flexibility for the user to intervene in the task at any point when necessary by using an interaction controller. The utilization of two force sensors, a pivotal concept in this study, allows us to gather environmental data crucial for effectively training our system to accommodate workpieces with diverse material and surface properties and maintain the contact of polisher with their surfaces. In the demonstration phase of our approach where an expert guiding the robot to perform a polishing task, we record the force applied by the human (F h ) and the interaction force (F int ) via two separate force sensors for the polishing trajectory followed by the expert to extract information about the environment (F env =F h −F int ). An admittance controller, which takes the interaction force as the input is used to output a reference velocity to be tracked by the internal motion controller (PID) of the robot to regulate the interactions between the polisher and the surface of a workpiece. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) model was trained to learn the human force profile based on the inputs of Cartesian position and velocity of the polisher, environmental force (F env ), and friction coefficient between the polisher and the surface to the model. During the deployment phase, in which the robot executes the task autonomously, the human force estimated by our system $\left({{{\hat F}_h}}\right)$ is utilized to balance the reaction forces coming from the environment and calculate the force $\left({{{\hat F}_h} - {F_{env}}}\right)$ needs to be inputted to the admittance controller to gene

关键词： Surface cleaning Force Robot sensing systems Real-time systems Haptic interfaces Trajectory Manufacturing Force sensors Admittance Robots

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Cooperative vs. Teleoperation Control of the Steady Hand Eye Robot with Adaptive Sclera Force Control: A Comparative Study

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Esfandiari, Mojtaba Kim, Ji Woong Zhao, Botao Amirkhani, Golchehr Hadi, Muhammad Gehlbach, Peter Taylor, Russell H. Iordachita, Iulian The Department of Mechanical Engineering Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics The Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States The Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins Hospital BaltimoreMD21287 United States The Department of Computer Science The Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics The Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States

A surgeon's physiological hand tremor can significantly impact the outcome of delicate and precise retinal surgery, such as retinal vein cannulation (RVC) and epiretinal membrane peeling. Robot-assisted eye surgery technology provides ophthalmologists with advanced capabilities such as hand tremor cancellation, hand motion scaling, and safety constraints that enable them to perform these otherwise challenging and high-risk surgeries with high precision and safety. Steady-Hand Eye Robot (SHER) with cooperative control mode can filter out surgeon's hand tremor, yet another important safety feature, that is, minimizing the contact force between the surgical instrument and sclera surface for avoiding tissue damage cannot be met in this control mode. Also, other capabilities, such as hand motion scaling and haptic feedback, require a teleoperation control framework. In this work, for the first time, we implemented a teleoperation control mode incorporated with an adaptive sclera force control algorithm using a PHANTOM Omni haptic device and a force-sensing surgical instrument equipped with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors attached to the SHER 2.1 end-effector. This adaptive sclera force control algorithm allows the robot to dynamically minimize the tool-sclera contact force. Moreover, for the first time, we compared the performance of the proposed adaptive teleoperation mode with the cooperative mode by conducting a vessel-following experiment inside an eye phantom under a microscope. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Remote control

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AXI-REALM: A Lightweight and Modular Interconnect Extension for Traffic Regulation and Monitoring of Heterogeneous Real-Time SoCs

AXI-REALM: A Lightweight and Modular Interconnect Extension ...

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Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition

作者： Thomas Benz Alessandro Ottaviano Robert Balas Angelo Garofalo Francesco Restuccia Alessandro Biondi Luca Benini Integrated Systems Laboratory ETH Zurich Switzerland Department of Electrical Electronic and Information Engineering University of Bologna Italy Department of Computer Science and Engineering UC San Diego San Diego CA USA Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa Italy

ISBN: (数字)9783981926385

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348606

The increasing demand for heterogeneous functionality in the automotive industry and the evolution of chip manufac-turing processes have led to the transition from federated to integrated critical real-time embedded systems (CRTESs). This leads to higher integration challenges of conventional timing predictability techniques due to access contention on shared resources, which can be resolved by providing system-level observability and controllability in hardware. We focus on the interconnect as a shared resource and propose AXI-REALM, a lightweight, modular, and technology - independent real-time extension to industry-standard AXI4 interconnects, available open-source. AXI-REALM uses a credit-based mechanism to distribute and control the bandwidth in a multi-subordinate system on periodic time windows, proactively prevents denial of service from malicious actors in the system, and tracks each manager's access and interference statistics for optimal budget and period selection. We provide detailed performance and implementation cost assessment in a 12nm node and an end-to-end functional case study implementing AXI-REALM into an open-source Linux-capable RISC-V SoC. In a system with a general-purpose core and a hardware accelerator's DMA engine causing interference on the interconnect, AXI-REALM achieves fair bandwidth distribution among managers, allowing the core to recover 68.2 % of its performance compared to the case without contention. Moreover, near-ideal performance (above 95 %) can be achieved by distributing the available bandwidth in favor of the core, improving the worst-case memory access latency from 264 to below eight cycles. Our approach minimizes buffering compared to other solutions and introduces only 2.45 % area overhead compared to the original SoC.

关键词： Bandwidth Interference Real-time systems Hardware Regulation Timing System-on-chip

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Multimodal Detection and Identification of Robot Manipulation Failures

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Inceoglu, Arda Aksoy, Eren Erdal Sariel, Sanem Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Laboratory Faculty of Computer and Informatics Engineering Istanbul Technical University Maslak Turkey School of Information Technology Center for Applied Intelligent Systems Research Halmstad University Halmstad Sweden

An autonomous service robot should be able to interact with its environment safely and robustly without requiring human assistance. Unstructured environments are challenging for robots since the exact prediction of outcomes is not always possible. Even when the robot behaviors are well-designed, the unpredictable nature of physical robot-object interaction may prevent success in object manipulation. Therefore, execution of a manipulation action may result in an undesirable outcome involving accidents or damages to the objects or environment. Situation awareness becomes important in such cases to enable the robot to (i) maintain the integrity of both itself and the environment, (ii) recover from failed tasks in the short term, and (iii) learn to avoid failures in the long term. For this purpose, robot executions should be continuously monitored, and failures should be detected and classified appropriately. In this work, we focus on detecting and classifying both manipulation and post-manipulation phase failures using the same exteroception setup. We cover a diverse set of failure types for primary tabletop manipulation actions. In order to detect these failures, we propose FINO-Net [1], a deep multimodal sensor fusion based classifier network. Proposed network accurately detects and classifies failures from raw sensory data without any prior knowledge. In this work, we use our extended FAILURE dataset [1] with 99 new multimodal manipulation recordings and annotate them with their corresponding failure types. FINO-Net achieves 0.87 failure detection and 0.80 failure classification F1 scores. Experimental results show that proposed architecture is also appropriate for real-time use. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robots

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SVM-based Extended Kalman Filter State Estimation of Biped Robot

SVM-based Extended Kalman Filter State Estimation of Biped R...

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2022 IEEE International Conference on robotics and Biomimetics, ROBIO 2022

作者： Gao, Chengzhi Xie, Ye Zhu, Shiqiang Huang, Guanyu Kong, Lingyu Xie, Anhuan Gu, Jianjun Zhang, Dan Research Center for Intelligent Robotics Research Institute of Interdisciplinary Innovation Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou311100 China Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Robotics Hangzhou311100 China Zhejiang University Zhejiang Hangzhou311100 China York University North YorkM3J 1P3 Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dalhousie University HalifaxNSB3H 4R2 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781665481090

At present, more and more attention has been paid to the exploration of biped robots. As the precondition of biped stable walking, the state estimation of robot has also received the attention of many experts. Biped robot has special motion characteristics, has a hybrid dynamic system and belongs to a floating base, so it must obtain the contact information of two feet before realizing the motion state estimation of the robot. The contribution of this paper is to introduce soft support vector machine to detect contact phase. This method based on support vector machine (SVM) eliminates the need for force sensors on two feet because they are vulnerable to the impact between the foot and the contact surface. In addition, precise dynamic modeling is not required. Furthermore, this paper uses SVM to obtain the touchdown information, and proposes a state estimation method using extended Kalman filter to combine motion estimation with IMU data. Finally, the touchdown detection algorithm and the state estimation algorithm are verified through experiments, and the accuracy and feasibility of the SVM method are proved through the touchdown detection experiments. Based on this, the full state estimation of the robot is realized through the state estimation experiments. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： State estimation

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Smart Insole: Stand-Alone Soft 3-Axis Force Sensing Array in a Shoe

Smart Insole: Stand-Alone Soft 3-Axis Force Sensing Array in...

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IEEE SENSORS

作者： Jian Gao Zihao Pu Ruixin Qiu Ying Li Xiulun Yin Kieran Morton Sadan Wani Justin Wyss Michael Steszyn Ryusuke Ishizaki Fumiya Hamatsu Takeshi Ohsato John D.W. Madden Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Advanced Material Processing Engineering Laboratory University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada i-generator Portland USA Frontier Robotics Honda R&D Co. Ltd Saitama Japan

Foot plantar force monitoring has been explored using in-shoe soft insole measurements for application in diabetic foot and to assess footwear performance. Sensors are impractical for regular use due to bulky electronics and short battery life. They typically lack shear sensing. A soft flexible and custom configurable 3-axis capacitive sensing array is demonstrated through a customizable arrangement of 16-shear and normal force taxels completely imbedded in a shoe insole that wirelessly updates at 50 $\mathrm{n}_{2}$ . A patterned silicone dielectric mounted on a flex printed circuit board enables normal and shear sensitivities of 19.9 and 2.8 $\text{kPa}^{-1}$ . The 20 $\text{mW}$ power consumption includes transmission of data to a nearby mobile device, which is satisfied for more than 50 hours using a built-in 350 mAh LiPo battery. Operation in a shoe is demonstrated.

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