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Investigating manifold learning algorithms based on magnification factors and principal spread directions

Jisuanji Xuebao/Chinese Journal of computers 2005年第12期28卷 2000-2009页

作者： He, Li Zhang, Jun-Ping Zhou, Zhi-Hua Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Department of Computer Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Key Laboratory of Complex Systems and Intelligence Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200433 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China National Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

As a new unsupervised learning technique, manifold learning has captured the attention of many researchers in the field of machine learning and cognitive sciences. The major algorithms include Isometric mapping (ISOMAP) and Locally Linear Embedding (LLE). The approaches can be used for discovering the intrinsic dimensions of nonlinear high-dimensional data effectively and aim researchers to analyze the data better. How to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the intrinsic dimensions and the observation space, however, has fewer reports. And thus further works in manifold learning may have suffered some difficulties. The paper focuses on two kinds of manifold learning algorithms (ISOMAP, LLE), and discusses magnification factors and principal spread directions from the observation space to the intrinsic low-dimensional space. Also the corresponding algorithm is proposed. Experiments show the effectiveness and advantages of the research.

关键词： Learning algorithms

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Cost-benefit trade-off analysis using BBN for aspect-oriented risk-driven development

Cost-benefit trade-off analysis using BBN for aspect-oriente...

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IEEE International Conference on engineering of Complex computer systems

作者： S.H. Houmb G. Georg R. France J. Bieman J. Jurjens Department of Computer Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway Software Assurance Laboratory Department of Computer Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA Systems Engineering Technical University Munich Munchen Germany

Security critical systems must perform at the required security level, make effective use of available resources, and meet end-users expectations. Balancing these needs, and at the same time fulfilling budget and time-to-market constraints, requires developers to design and evaluate alternative security treatment strategies. In this paper, the authors presented a development framework that utilizes Bayesian belief networks (BBN) and aspect-oriented modeling (AOM) for a cost-benefit trade-off analysis of treatment strategies. AOM allows developers to model pervasive security treatments separately from other system functionality. This eases the trade-off by making it possible to swap treatment strategies in and out when computing return on security investments (RoSI). The trade-off analysis is implemented using BBN, and RoSI is computed by estimating a set of variables describing properties of a treatment strategy. RoSI for each treatment strategy is then used as input to choice of design.

关键词： Risk analysis Information security Topology Bayesian methods computer science computer security Investments Data security Unified modeling language software performance

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Method for automatically segmenting the spinal cord and canal from 3D CT images

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11th International Conference on computer Analysis of Images and Patterns, CAIP 2005

作者： Nyúl, Lászlo G. Kanyó, Judit Máté, Eörs Makay, Géza Balogh, Emese Fidrich, Márta Kuba, Attila Department of Image Processing and Computer Graphics University of Szeged Árpád tér 2 H-6720 Szeged Hungary Clinical Software Engineering GE Medical Systems Lajos u. 48-66 H-1036 Budapest Hungary Institute of Mathematics University of Szeged Aradi vértanuk tere 1 H-6720 Szeged Hungary

ISBN: (纸本)3540289690

We present two approaches for automatically segmenting the spinal cord/canal from native CT images of the thorax region containing the spine. Different strategies are included to handle images where only part of the spinal column is visible. The algorithms require one seed point given on a slice located in the middle region of the spine, and the rest is automatic. The spatial extent of the spinal cord/canal is determined automatically. An extended region-growing technique is suggested for segmenting the spinal canal while active contours are applied if the spinal cord is to be segmented. Both methods work in 2D and use propagated information from neighboring slices. They are also very rapid in execution, that means an efficient, user-friendly workflow. The methods were evaluated by radiologists and were found to be useful (in reducing/eliminating contouring labor and time) and met the accuracy and repeatability requirements for the particular task. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： computerized tomography

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Decomposition techniques for a loosely-coupled resource allocation problem

Decomposition techniques for a loosely-coupled resource allo...

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IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT)

作者： P. Plamondon B. Chaib-draa A.R. Benaskeur Computer Science & Software Engineering Department Laval University Sainte Foy QUE Canada Decision Support Systems Section Defence Research and Development Canada Val-Belair QUE Canada

We are interested by contributing to stochastic problems of which the main distinction is that some tasks may create other tasks. In particular, we present a first approach which represents the problem by an acyclic graph, and solves each node in a certain order so as to produce an optimal solution. Then, we detail a second algorithm, which solves each task separately, using the first approach, and where an on-line heuristic computes the global actions to execute when the state of a task changes.

关键词： Resource management State-space methods Stochastic processes computer science software engineering Decision support systems Research and development Stochastic systems Explosions Time factors

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Attaining program affordability through integration of logistical operations and health maintenance

Attaining program affordability through integration of logis...

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1st Space Exploration Conference: Continuing the Voyage of Discovery

作者： Goforth, Andre Karsai, Gabor Orosz, Michael Neches, Robert Szekely, Pedro Ashish, Naveen NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA 94035-1000 United States Vanderbilt University Institute for Software Integrated Systems Nashville TN 37235 United States University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute Marina del Rey CA 90292 United States USRA Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA 94035 United States Code TC MS269-4 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Distributed Scalable Systems Division

ISBN: (纸本)1563477270

Program affordability needs to be built-in at the initial concept formulation stage. For NASA's space exploration vision this is critical for long range sustainability of human presence in space. What is often overlooked in the initial concept formulation of a large scale system endeavor such as NASA's Constellation program is the hidden cost of maintaining requisite operational safety margins and redundancy through adequate supply chain logistics. Ensuring adequate supply chain logistics necessitates the integration of operations and maintenance cycles. What enables this integration is the coordination and reconciliation across multiple equipment types of system health features and logistical information such as: (1) prognostic drivers from Integrated Vehicle Health Monitoring (IVHM) systems producing proactive condition-based "maintain me" demands, (2) maintenance management systems tracking usage and producing scheduled maintenance demands, (3) unscheduled maintenance demands resulting from any trouble reports entered by human observers of conditions missed by the IVHM system, and (4) implicit maintenance demands resulting from mission plans which require assignment of vehicular/robotic assets and consequently require assurance of the assigned assets' fitness for the intended tasks. In this paper we discuss how Coordinated Multi-source Maintenance on Demand (CMMD) technology, which is being is transitioned to the USMC Coherent Analytical Computing Environment (CACE) program and the Joint Strike Fighter Program, can be applied to the NASA domain, and its benefits in terms of mission affordability, operations efficiency and system health effectiveness. Using concepts derived from CMMD, we discuss the kind of IVHM capabilities needed to optimize multiple, parallel, yet inter-linked, operations-maintenance cycles, thereby optimizing program affordability while meeting specific mission supportability requirements across a broad range of mission scenarios.

关键词： Space research

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Automated detection of performance regressions: the mono experience

Automated detection of performance regressions: the mono exp...

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International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of computer and Telecommunication systems (MASCOTS)

作者： T. Kalibera L. Bulej P. Tuma Distributed Systems Research Group Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague Czech Republic Institute of Computer Science Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Czech Republic

engineering a large software project involves tracking the impact of development and maintenance changes on the software performance. An approach for tracking the impact is regression benchmarking, which involves automated benchmarking and evaluation of performance at regular intervals. Regression benchmarking must tackle the nondeterminism inherent to contemporary computer systems and execution environments and the impact of the nondeterminism on the results. On the example of a fully automated regression benchmarking environment for the mono open-source project, we show how the problems associated with nondeterminism can be tackled using statistical methods.

关键词： MONOS devices Benchmark testing software performance software testing software quality Quality assurance Automatic testing Robustness Performance analysis software engineering

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Testing and Certification of Trustworthy systems Introduction to Minitrack

Testing and Certification of Trustworthy Systems Introductio...

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Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)

作者： A.R. Hevner R.C. Linger G.H. Walton Information Systems & Decision Sciences Department University of South Florida Tampa FL USA Software Engineering Institute CERT Research Center Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Mathematics & Computer Science Florida Southern College Lakeland FL USA

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Prototype of fault adaptive embedded software for large-scale real-time systems

Prototype of fault adaptive embedded software for large-scal...

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International Conference and Workshop on engineering of computer-Based systems

作者： D. Messie M. Jung J.C. Oh Shweta Shetty S. Nordstrom M. Haney Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Syracuse University Syracuse NY USA Institute for Software Integrated Systems Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA High Energy Physics University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana-Champaign IL USA

This paper describes a comprehensive prototype of large-scale fault adaptive embedded software developed for the proposed Fermilab BTeV high energy physics experiment. Lightweight self-optimizing agents embedded within Level 1 of the prototype are responsible for proactive and reactive monitoring and mitigation based on specified layers of competence. The agents are self-protecting, detecting cascading failures using a distributed approach. Adaptive, reconfigurable, and mobile objects for reliablility are designed to be self-configuring to adapt automatically to dynamically changing environments. These objects provide a self-healing layer with the ability to discover, diagnose, and react to discontinuities in real-time processing. A generic modeling environment was developed to facilitate design and implementation of hardware resource specifications, application data flow, and failure mitigation strategies. Level 1 of the planned BTeV trigger system alone will consist of 2500 DSPs, so the number of components and intractable fault scenarios involved make it impossible to design an 'expert system' that applies traditional centralized mitigative strategies based on rules capturing every possible system state. Instead, a distributed reactive approach is implemented using the tools and methodologies developed by the Real-Time Embedded systems group.

关键词： software prototyping Embedded software Large-scale systems Real time systems Prototypes Condition monitoring Power system faults Power system protection Hardware Digital signal processing

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The RTES project - BTeV, and beyond

The RTES project - BTeV, and beyond

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2005 14TH IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference

作者： Haney, Michael J. Ahuja, Shikha Bapty, Ted Cheung, Harry Kalbarczyk, Zbigniew Khanna, Akhilesh Kowalkowski, Jim Messie, Derek Mossé, Daniel Neema, Sandeep Nordstrom, Steve Oh, Jae Sheldon, Paul Shetty, Shweta Volper, Dmitri Wang, Long Yao, Di IEEE High Energy Physics University of Illinois 1110 W. Green Street Urbana IL 61801 United States Institute for Software Integrated Systems Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Batavia IL 60510 United States Electrical and Computer Science University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 United States Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Syracuse University Syracuse NY 13244 United States Computer Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15250 United States Physics and Astronomy Department Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780391837

The Real Time Embedded systems (RTES) project was created to study the design and implementation of high-performance, heterogeneous, and fault-adaptive real time embedded systems. The driving application for this research was the proposed BTeV high energy physics experiment, which called for large farms of embedded computational elements (DSPs), as well as a large farm of conventional high-performance processors to implement its Level 1 and Level 2/3 triggers. At the time of BTeV's termination early in 2005, the RTES project was within days of completing a prototype implementation for providing a reliable and fault-adaptive infrastructure to the L2/3 farm;a prototype for the L1 farm had been completed in 2003. This paper documents the conclusion of the RTES focus on BTeV, and provides an evaluation of the applicability of the RTES concepts to other systems. ©2005 IEEE.

关键词： Embedded systems

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Service-oriented software reengineering: Bertie3 as Web services

Service-oriented software reengineering: Bertie3 as Web serv...

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IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS)

作者： S. Chung P.S. Young J. Nelson Computing & Software Systems Institute of Technology University of Washington Tacoma Tacoma WA USA Department of Computer Science College of Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA Interdisciplinary Arts & Sciences University of Washington Tacoma Tacoma WA USA

This research proposes to modernize a legacy software system by using Web services as the main building blocks of the software reengineering. For this purpose, a legacy theorem proof checking and derivation tool called Bertie3 is reengineered in terms of service-oriented architecture, service-oriented componentization, and external data representation and serialization. With the Web services of derivation checking engines and first-order markup languages, a minimal amount of development time can be spent working on well-known and well-developed components. More time can be spent updating the features that make the tool unique. This case study shows that modernizing a software system with Web services will allow the business components of the system to be easily expanded and integrated with other application components for future demands.

关键词： Web services Logic Markup languages Engines software systems Lifting equipment Business Distributed computing User interfaces Graphical user interfaces

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