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pFedCal: Lightweight Personalized Federated Learning with Adaptive Calibration Strategy

IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 2025年第03期18卷 1627-1640页

作者： Deng, Dongshang Wu, Xuangou Zhang, Tao Xiang, Chaocan Zhao, Wei Xu, Minrui Kang, Jiawen Han, Zhu Niyato, Dusit Anhui University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Digital Twin Technology in Metallurgical Industry Anhui Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Applications and Security of Industrial Internet Ma'anshan243002 China Beijing Jiaotong University School of Cyberspace Science and Technology Beijing100044 China Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Twin Technology in Metallurgical Industry Anhui243002 China Chongqing University College of Computer Science Chongqing400044 China Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering 639798 Singapore Guangdong University of Technology School of Automation Guangzhou510062 China University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering HoustonTX77004 United States Kyung Hee University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul446-701 Korea Republic of

Federated learning (FL) is a promising artificial intelligence framework that enables clients to collectively train models with data privacy. However, in real-world scenarios, to construct practical FL frameworks, several challenges have to be addressed, including statistical heterogeneity, constrained resources, and fairness. Therefore, we first investigate an aggregation gap caused by statistical heterogeneity during local model initialization, which not only causes additional computational overhead for clients but also leads to the degradation of fairness. To bridge this gap, we propose pFedCal, a novel personalized federated learning with lightweight adaptive calibration strategy that performs calibration compensation through the prior knowledge of clients. Specifically, we introduce compensation for each client at the model initialization, with the compensation derived from the global gradient and the latest gradient bias. To enhance the calibration effect, we introduce a smoothing-based calibration strategy, and we design an adaptive calibration strategy. A representative example demonstrates that the proposed calibration and smoothing strategies improve fairness for clients. The theoretical analysis indicates that with an appropriate learning rate, pFedCal converges to a first-order stationary point for non-convex loss functions. Comprehensive experimental results show that pFedCal achieves faster convergence, higher accuracy, and improved fairness than the state-of-the-art methods. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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MSD-Net: Pneumonia Classification Model Based on Multi-Scale Directional Feature Enhancement

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 4863-4882页

作者： Tao Zhou Yujie Guo Caiyue Peng Yuxia Niu Yunfeng Pan Huiling Lu School of Computer Science and Engineering North Minzu UniversityYinchuan750021China School of Medical Information&Engineering Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan750004China Key Laboratory of Image and Graphics Intelligent Processing of State Ethnic Affairs Commission North Minzu UniversityYinchuan750021China

computer-aided diagnosis of pneumonia based on deep learning is a research ***,there are some problems that the features of different sizes and different directions are not sufficient when extracting the features in lung X-ray images.A pneumonia classification model based on multi-scale directional feature enhancement MSD-Net is proposed in this *** main innovations are as follows:Firstly,the Multi-scale Residual Feature Extraction Module(MRFEM)is designed to effectively extract multi-scale *** MRFEM uses dilated convolutions with different expansion rates to increase the receptive field and extract multi-scale features ***,the Multi-scale Directional Feature Perception Module(MDFPM)is designed,which uses a three-branch structure of different sizes convolution to transmit direction feature layer by layer,and focuses on the target region to enhance the feature ***,the Axial Compression Former Module(ACFM)is designed to perform global calculations to enhance the perception ability of global features in different *** verify the effectiveness of the MSD-Net,comparative experiments and ablation experiments are carried *** the COVID-19 RADIOGRAPHY DATABASE,the Accuracy,Recall,Precision,F1 Score,and Specificity of MSD-Net are 97.76%,95.57%,95.52%,95.52%,and 98.51%,*** the chest X-ray dataset,the Accuracy,Recall,Precision,F1 Score and Specificity of MSD-Net are 97.78%,95.22%,96.49%,95.58%,and 98.11%,*** model improves the accuracy of lung image recognition effectively and provides an important clinical reference to pneumonia computer-Aided Diagnosis.

关键词： Pneumonia X-ray image ResNet multi-scale feature direction feature transformer

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Exploring Multiscale Navigation of Homogeneous and Dense Objects with Progressive Refinement in Virtual Reality 32

Exploring Multiscale Navigation of Homogeneous and Dense Obj...

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32nd IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces, VR 2025

作者： Pavanatto, Leonardo Giovannelli, Alexander Giera, Brian Bremer, Timo Miao, Haichao Bowman, Doug A. Virginia Tech Center for Human-Computer Interaction Department of Computer Science United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Center for Applied Scientific Computing United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331536459

Locating small features in a large, dense object in virtual reality (VR) poses a significant interaction challenge. While existing multiscale techniques support transitions between various levels of scale, they are not focused on handling dense, homogeneous objects with hidden features. We propose a novel approach that applies the concept of progressive refinement to VR navigation, enabling focused inspections. We conducted a user study where we varied two independent variables in our design, navigation style (STRUCTURED vs. UNSTRUCTURED) and display mode (SELECTION vs. EVERYTHING), to better understand their effects on efficiency and awareness during multiscale navigation. Our results showed that unstructured navigation can be faster than structured and that displaying only the selection can be faster than displaying the entire object. However, using an everything display mode can support better location awareness and object understanding. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Broadband spin and angle co‑multiplexed waveguide‑based metasurface for six‑channel crosstalk‑free holographic projection

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eLight 2024年第1期4卷 223-237页

作者： Zeyang Liu Hao Gao Taigao Ma Vishva Ray Niu Liu Xinliang Zhang L.Jay Guo Cheng Zhang School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Physics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Lurie Nanofabrication Facility Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Metasurface-based holograms,or metaholograms,offer unique advantages including enhanced imaging quality,expanded field of view,compact system size,and broad operational ***-channel metaholograms,capable of switching between multiple projected images based on the properties of illuminating light such as state of polarization and angle of incidence,have emerged as a promising solution for realizing switchable and dynamic holographic ***,existing designs typically grapple with challenges such as limited multiplexing channels and unwanted crosstalk,which severely constrain their practical ***,we present a new type of waveguidebased multi-channel metaholograms,which support six independent and fully crosstalk-free holographic display channels,simultaneously multiplexed by the spin and angle of guided incident light within the glass *** employ a k-space translation strategy that allows each of the six distinct target images to be selectively translated from evanescent-wave region to the center of propagation-wave region and projected into free space without crosstalk,when the metahologram is under illumination of a guided light with specific spin and azimuthal *** addition,by tailoring the encoded target images,we implement a three-channel polarization-independent metahologram and a two-channel full-color(RGB)***,the number of multiplexing channels can be further increased by expanding the k-space’s central-period region or combing the k-space translation strategy with other multiplexing techniques such as orbital angular momentum *** work provides a novel approach towards realization of high-performance and compact holographic optical elements with substantial information capacity,opening avenues for applications in AR/VR displays,image encryption,and information storage.

关键词： Metasurface Multi-channel metahologram Color metahologram Waveguide display

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A topic relevance-aware click model for web search

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Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 2024年第4期46卷 8961-8974页

作者： Jianping, Liu Yingfei, Wang Jian, Wang Meng, Wang Xintao, Chu College of Computer Science and Engineering North Minzu University Yinchuan China The Key Laboratory of Images Graphics Intelligent Processing of State Ethnic Affairs Commission North Minzu University Yinchuan China Agricultural Information Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China

To better understand users’ behavior patterns in web search, numerous click models are proposed to extract the implicit interaction feedback. Most existing click models are heavily based on the implicit information to model user behaviors, ignoring the impact of explicit information between queries and documents in search sessions. In this paper, we fully consider the topic relevance between queries and documents in search sessions and propose a novel topic relevance-aware click model (TRA-CM) for web search. TRA-CM consists of a relevance estimator and an examination predictor. The relevance estimator consists of a topic relevance predictor and a click context encoder. In the topic relevance predictor, we utilize the pre-trained BERT model to model the content information of queries and documents in search sessions. Meanwhile, we use transformer to encode users’ click behaviors in the click context encoder. We further apply a two-stage fusion strategy to obtain the final relevance scores. The examination predictor estimates the examination probability of each document. We further utilize learnable filters to attenuate log noise and obtain purer input features in both relevance estimator and examination predictor, and investigate different combination functions to integrate relevance scores and examination probabilities into click prediction. Extensive experiment results on two real-world session datasets prove that TRA-CM outperforms existing click models in both click prediction and relevance estimation tasks. © 2024 – IOS Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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Counterfactual discriminative micro-expression recognition

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Visual Intelligence 2024年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Li, Yong Liu, Menglin Lao, Lingjie Wang, Yuanzhi Cui, Zhen Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information Ministry of Education School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China

Micro-expressions are spontaneous, rapid and subtle facial movements that can hardly be suppressed or fabricated. Micro-expression recognition (MER) is one of the most challenging topics in affective computing. It aims to recognize subtle facial movements which are quite difficult for humans to perceive in a fleeting period. Recently, many deep learning-based MER methods have been developed. However, how to effectively capture subtle temporal variations for robust MER still perplexes us. We propose a counterfactual discriminative micro-expression recognition (CoDER) method to effectively learn the slight temporal variations for video-based MER. To explicitly capture the causality from temporal dynamics hidden in the micro-expression (ME) sequence, we propose ME counterfactual reasoning by comparing the effects of the facts w.r.t. original ME sequences and the counterfactuals w.r.t. counterfactually-revised ME sequences, and then perform causality-aware prediction to encourage the model to learn those latent ME temporal cues. Extensive experiments on four widely-used ME databases demonstrate the effectiveness of CoDER, which results in comparable and superior MER performance compared with that of the state-of-the-art methods. The visualization results show that CoDER successfully perceives the meaningful temporal variations in sequential faces. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Affective computing Causal graph Counterfactual reasoning Micro-expression recognition Temporal variation

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Push-Based Content Dissemination and Machine Learning-Oriented Illusion Attack Detection in Vehicular Named Data Networking

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 3131-3150页

作者： Arif Hussain Magsi Ghulam Muhammad Sajida Karim Saifullah Memon Zulfiqar Ali State Key Laboratory ofNetworking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Post and TelecommunicationBeijing100876China Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of EssexColchesterCO43SQUK

Recent advancements in the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network(VANET)have tremendously addressed road-related ***,Named Data Networking(NDN)in VANET has emerged as a vital technology due to its outstanding ***,the NDN communication framework fails to address two important *** current NDN employs a pull-based content retrieval network,which is inefficient in disseminating crucial content in Vehicular Named Data Networking(VNDN).Additionally,VNDN is vulnerable to illusion attackers due to the administrative-less network of autonomous *** various solutions have been proposed for detecting vehicles’behavior,they inadequately addressed the challenges specific to *** deal with these two issues,we propose a novel push-based crucial content dissemination scheme that extends the scope of VNDN from pullbased content retrieval to a push-based content forwarding *** addition,we exploitMachine Learning(ML)techniques within VNDN to detect the behavior of vehicles and classify them as attackers or *** trained and tested our system on the publicly accessible dataset Vehicular Reference Misbehavior(VeReMi).We employed fiveML classification algorithms and constructed the bestmodel for illusion attack *** results indicate that RandomForest(RF)achieved excellent accuracy in detecting all illusion attack types in VeReMi,with an accuracy rate of 100%for type 1 and type 2,96%for type 4 and type 16,and 95%for type ***,RF can effectively evaluate the behavior of vehicles and identify attacker vehicles with high *** ultimate goal of our research is to improve content exchange and ***,ourML-based attack detection and preventionmechanismensures trustworthy content dissemination and prevents attacker vehicles from sharing misleading information in VNDN.

关键词： Named data networking vehicular networks pull-push illusion attack machine learning

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Comments on 'VERSA: Verifiable Secure Aggregation for Cross-Device Federated Learning'

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2024年第1期21卷 499-500页

作者： Luo, Fucai Wang, Haiyan Yan, Xingfu Zhejiang Gongshang University College of Computer and Information Engineering Hangzhou310000 China Peng Cheng Laboratory Department of New Networks Shenzhen518066 China South China Normal University School of Computer Science Guangzhou510631 China

Federated learning (FL) allows a large number of users to collaboratively train machine learning (ML) models by sending only their local gradients to a central server for aggregation in each training iteration, without sending their raw training data. The main security issues of FL, that is, the privacy of the gradient vector and the correctness verification of the aggregated gradient, are gaining increasing attention from industry and academia. To protect the privacy of the gradient, a secure aggregation was proposed;to verify the correctness of the aggregated gradient, a verifiable secure aggregation that requires the server to provide a verifiable aggregated gradient was proposed. In 2021, Hahn et al. proposed VERSA, a verifiable secure aggregation. However, in this article, we will point out a flaw in VERSA, which indicates that VERSA does not work. To address the flaw, we present several approaches with different advantages and disadvantages. We hope that by identifying the flaw, similar errors can be avoided in future designs of verifiable secure aggregation. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Learning systems

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Combining permuted language model and adversarial training for Chinese machine reading comprehension

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Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 2024年第4期46卷 10059-10073页

作者： Liu, Jianping Chu, Xintao Wang, Jian Wang, Meng Wang, Yingfei College of Computer Science and Engineering North Minzu University Yinchuan China The Key Laboratory of Images Graphics Intelligent Processing of State Ethnic Affairs Commission North Minzu University Yinchuan China Agricultural Information Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China

Due to the polysemy and complexity of the Chinese language, Chinese machine reading comprehension has always been a challenging task. To improve the semantic understanding and robustness of Chinese machine reading comprehension models, we propose a model that utilizes adversarial training algorithms and Permuted Language Model (PERT). Firstly, we employ the PERT pre-training model to embed paragraphs and questions into vector space to obtain corresponding sequential representations. Secondly, we use a multi-head self-attention mechanism to extract key textual information from the sequence and employ a Bi-GRU network to semantically fuse the output feature vectors, aiming to learn deep semantic representations in the text. Finally, we introduce perturbations into the model training process. We achieve this by utilizing adversarial training algorithms such as Fast Gradient Method (FGM) and Projected Gradient Descent (PGD). These algorithms generate adversarial samples to enhance the model’s robustness and stability when facing diverse inputs. We conducted comparative experiments on the publicly available Chinese reading comprehension datasets CMRC2018 and DRCD. The experimental results show that our proposed model has achieved significant improvements in both EM and F1-Score compared to the baseline model. To validate the model’s generalization and robustness, we utilized ChatGPT to construct a scientific dataset that includes a large number of domain-specific terms, sentences with mixed Chinese and English, and complex comprehension tasks. Our model also performed remarkably well on the self-built dataset. In conclusion, the proposed model not only effectively enhances the understanding of semantic information in Chinese text but also demonstrates a certain level of generalization capability. © 2024 – IOS Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vector spaces

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Security and privacy issues in blockchain and its applications

IET Blockchain

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IET Blockchain 2023年第4期3卷 169-171页

作者： Wang, Liangmin Sheng, Victor S. Düdder, Boris Wu, Haiqin Zhu, Huijuan School of Cyber Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China Department of Computer Science Texas Tech University LubbockTX United States Department of Computer Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing East China Normal University Shanghai China School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China

The papers in the first category focus on analyzing and providing insights into the security of blockchain applications. [...]significant research efforts have been dedicated to security analysis and detection in typical blockchain applications. The framework incorporates pre-training and fine-tuning, enabling the pre-trained model (teacher) to effectively adapt to the new data distribution and improve prediction performance. [...]to enhance the practicality of the system, they implement a copyright blockchain framework called ICP-Chain and conduct evaluations to assess its security and reliability. [...]the authors would like to express their utmost appreciation to the editors-in-chief and the editorial office for their unwavering support and guidance throughout this venture.

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