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Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 395, pg 1779, 2020)

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LANCET 2020年第10239期395卷 1762-1762页

作者： Reiner, R. C., Jr. Hay, S., I Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States College of Health and Medical Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Nursing and Midwifery Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Pharmacy Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia School of Public Health Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Haramaya University Harar Ethiopia Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Biology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Cancer Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Economics and Management Sciences for Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Management and Economics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Microbiology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Pharmacology Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Digestive Diseases Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Iran National Institute of Health Research Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and

SummaryBackgroundAcross low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), one in ten deaths in children younger than 5 years is attributable to diarrhoea. The substantial between-country variation in both diarrhoea incidence and mortality is attributable to interventions that protect children, prevent infection, and treat disease. Identifying subnational regions with the highest burden and mapping associated risk factors can aid in reducing preventable childhood diarrhoea. MethodsWe used Bayesian model-based geostatistics and a geolocated dataset comprising 15 072 746 children younger than 5 years from 466 surveys in 94 LMICs, in combination with findings of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, to estimate posterior distributions of diarrhoea prevalence, incidence, and mortality from 2000 to 2017. From these data, we estimated the burden of diarrhoea at varying subnational levels (termed units) by spatially aggregating draws, and we investigated the drivers of subnational patterns by creating aggregated risk factor estimates. FindingsThe greatest declines in diarrhoeal mortality were seen in south and southeast Asia and South America, where 54·0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 38·1–65·8), 17·4% (7·7–28·4), and 59·5% (34·2–86·9) of units, respectively, recorded decreases in deaths from diarrhoea greater than 10%. Although children in much of Africa remain at high risk of death due to diarrhoea, regions with the most deaths were outside Africa, with the highest mortality units located in Pakistan. Indonesia showed the greatest within-country geographical inequality; some regions had mortality rates nearly four times the average country rate. Reductions in mortality were correlated to improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) or reductions in child growth failure (CGF). Similarly, most high-risk areas had poor WASH, high CGF, or low oral rehydration therapy coverage. InterpretationBy co-analysing geospatial trends in dia

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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A Measurement of the DR6 CMB Lensing Power Spectrum and its Implications for Structure Growth

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Qu, Frank J. Sherwin, Blake D. Madhavacheril, Mathew S. Han, Dongwon Crowley, Kevin T. Abril-Cabezas, Irene Ade, Peter A.R. Aiola, Simone Alford, Tommy Amiri, Mandana Amodeo, Stefania An, Rui Atkins, Zachary Austermann, Jason E. Battaglia, Nicholas Battistelli, Elia Stefano Beall, James A. Bean, Rachel Beringue, Benjamin Bhandarkar, Tanay Biermann, Emily Bolliet, Boris Richard Bond, J. Cai, Hongbo Calabrese, Erminia Calafut, Victoria Capalbo, Valentina Carrero, Felipe Carron, Julien Challinor, Anthony Chesmore, Grace E. Cho, Hsiao-Mei Choi, Steve K. Clark, Susan E. Rosado, Rodrigo Córdova Cothard, Nicholas F. Coughlin, Kevin Coulton, William Dalal, Roohi Darwish, Omar Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon Doze, Peter Duell, Cody J. Duff, Shannon M. Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J. Dunkley, Jo Dünner, Rolando Fanfani, Valentina Fankhanel, Max Farren, Gerrit Ferraro, Simone Freundt, Rodrigo Fuzia, Brittany Gallardo, Patricio A. Garrido, Xavier Gluscevic, Vera Golec, Joseph E. Guan, Yilun Halpern, Mark Harrison, Ian Hasselfield, Matthew Healy, Erin Henderson, Shawn Hensley, Brandon Hervías-Caimapo, Carlos Colin Hill, J. Hilton, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hložek, Renée Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty Huber, Zachary B. Hubmayr, Johannes Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, John P. Irwin, Kent Isopi, Giovanni Jense, Hidde T. Keller, Ben Kim, Joshua Knowles, Kenda Koopman, Brian J. Kosowsky, Arthur Kramer, Darby Kusiak, Aleksandra Posta, Adrien La Lague, Alex Lakey, Victoria Lee, Eunseong Li, Zack Li, Yaqiong Limon, Michele Lokken, Martine Louis, Thibaut Lungu, Marius MacCrann, Niall MacInnis, Amanda Maldonado, Diego Maldonado, Felipe Mallaby-Kay, Maya Marques, Gabriela A. McMahon, Jeff Mehta, Yogesh Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Morris, Thomas W. Mroczkowski, Tony Naess, Sigurd Namikawa, Toshiya Nati, Federico Newburgh, Laura Nicola, Andrina Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Orlowski-Scherer, John Page, Lyman A. Pandey, Shivam Partridge, Bruce Prince, Heather Puddu, Roberto Radiconi, Federico Robertson, Naomi Rojas, Felipe Sakuma, T DAMTP Centre for Mathematical Sciences University of Cambridge Wilberforce Road CambridgeCB3 OWA United Kingdom Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge Madingley Road CambridgeCB3 0HA United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade Cardiff WalesCF24 3AA United Kingdom Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 5th Avenue New YorkNY10010 United States Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Université de Strasbourg CNRS Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg UMR 7550 StrasbourgF-67000 France University of Southern California Department of Physics and Astronomy 825 Bloom Walk ACB 439 Los AngelesCA90089-0484 United States NIST Quantum Sensors Group 325 Broadway Mailcode 817.03 BoulderCO80305 United States Department of Astronomy Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Sapienza University of Rome Physics Department Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 Rome00185 Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 3H8 Canada Instituto de Astrofísica Centro de Astro-Ingeniería Facultad de Fìsica Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Macul Santiago7820436 Chile Université de Genève Département de Physique Théorique et CAP 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet Genève 4CH-1211 Switzerland Institute of Astronomy Madingley Road CambridgeCB3 0HA United Kingdo

We present new measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing over 9400 deg2 of the sky. These lensing measurements are derived from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) Data Release 6 (DR6) CMB dataset, which consists of five seasons of ACT CMB temperature and polarization observations. We determine the amplitude of the CMB lensing power spectrum at 2.3% precision (43σ significance) using a novel pipeline that minimizes sensitivity to foregrounds and to noise properties. To ensure our results are robust, we analyze an extensive set of null tests, consistency tests, and systematic error estimates and employ a blinded analysis framework. Our CMB lensing power spectrum measurement provides constraints on the amplitude of cosmic structure that do not depend on Planck or galaxy survey data, thus giving independent information about large-scale structure growth and potential tensions in structure measurements. The baseline spectrum is well fit by a lensing amplitude of Alens = 1.013±0.023 relative to the Planck 2018 CMB power spectra best-fit ΛCDM model and Alens = 1.005 ± 0.023 relative to the ACT DR4 + WMAP best-fit model. From our lensing power spectrum measurement, we derive constraints on the parameter combination S8CMBL ≡ σ8 (Ωm/0.3)0.25 of S8CMBL = 0.818 ± 0.022 from ACT DR6 CMB lensing alone and S8CMBL = 0.813 ± 0.018 when combining ACT DR6 and Planck NPIPE CMB lensing power spectra. These results are in excellent agreement with ΛCDM model constraints from Planck or ACT DR4 + WMAP CMB power spectrum measurements. Our lensing measurements from redshifts z ∼ 0.5-5 are thus fully consistent with ΛCDM structure growth predictions based on CMB anisotropies probing primarily z ∼ 1100. We find no evidence for a suppression of the amplitude of cosmic structure at low redshifts. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmology

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Author Correction: The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids

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Nature 2023年第7965期618卷 E19-E20页

作者： Sarah E Graham Shoa L Clarke Kuan-Han H Wu Stavroula Kanoni Greg J M Zajac Shweta Ramdas Ida Surakka Ioanna Ntalla Sailaja Vedantam Thomas W Winkler Adam E Locke Eirini Marouli Mi Yeong Hwang Sohee Han Akira Narita Ananyo Choudhury Amy R Bentley Kenneth Ekoru Anurag Verma Bhavi Trivedi Hilary C Martin Karen A Hunt Qin Hui Derek Klarin Xiang Zhu Gudmar Thorleifsson Anna Helgadottir Daniel F Gudbjartsson Hilma Holm Isleifur Olafsson Masato Akiyama Saori Sakaue Chikashi Terao Masahiro Kanai Wei Zhou Ben M Brumpton Humaira Rasheed Sanni E Ruotsalainen Aki S Havulinna Yogasudha Veturi QiPing Feng Elisabeth A Rosenthal Todd Lingren Jennifer Allen Pacheco Sarah A Pendergrass Jeffrey Haessler Franco Giulianini Yuki Bradford Jason E Miller Archie Campbell Kuang Lin Iona Y Millwood George Hindy Asif Rasheed Jessica D Faul Wei Zhao David R Weir Constance Turman Hongyan Huang Mariaelisa Graff Anubha Mahajan Michael R Brown Weihua Zhang Ketian Yu Ellen M Schmidt Anita Pandit Stefan Gustafsson Xianyong Yin Jian'an Luan Jing-Hua Zhao Fumihiko Matsuda Hye-Mi Jang Kyungheon Yoon Carolina Medina-Gomez Achilleas Pitsillides Jouke Jan Hottenga Gonneke Willemsen Andrew R Wood Yingji Ji Zishan Gao Simon Haworth Ruth E Mitchell Jin Fang Chai Mette Aadahl Jie Yao Ani Manichaikul Helen R Warren Julia Ramirez Jette Bork-Jensen Line L Kårhus Anuj Goel Maria Sabater-Lleal Raymond Noordam Carlo Sidore Edoardo Fiorillo Aaron F McDaid Pedro Marques-Vidal Matthias Wielscher Stella Trompet Naveed Sattar Line T Møllehave Betina H Thuesen Matthias Munz Lingyao Zeng Jianfeng Huang Bin Yang Alaitz Poveda Azra Kurbasic Claudia Lamina Lukas Forer Markus Scholz Tessel E Galesloot Jonathan P Bradfield E Warwick Daw Joseph M Zmuda Jonathan S Mitchell Christian Fuchsberger Henry Christensen Jennifer A Brody Mary F Feitosa Mary K Wojczynski Michael Preuss Massimo Mangino Paraskevi Christofidou Niek Verweij Jan W Benjamins Jorgen Engmann Rachel L Kember Roderick C Slieker Ken Sin Lo Nuno R Zilhao Phuong Le Marcus E Kleber Graciela E Delgado Shaofeng Huo Dai Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. VA Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto CA USA. Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA. Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. William Harvey Research Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA. Department of Genetics Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA. Clinical Pharmacology William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Endocrinology Boston Children's Hospital Boston MA USA. Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute Cambridge MA USA. Department of Genetic Epidemiology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany. McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine Washington University St Louis MO USA. Department of Precision Medicine Division of Genome Science National Institute of Health Cheongju-si South Korea. Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan. Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa. Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA. Blizard Institute Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK. Wellcome Sanger Institute Hinxton UK. Department of Epidemiology Emory University Rollins School of Public Health Atlanta GA USA. Atlanta VA Health Care System Decatur GA USA. Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center Gainesville FL USA. Division of Vascular Sur

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The atacama cosmology telescope: Summary of dr4 and dr5 data products and data access

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Mallaby-Kay, Maya Atkins, Zachary Aiola, Simone Amodeo, Stefania Austermann, Jason E. Beall, James A. Becker, Daniel T. Bond, J. Richard Calabrese, Erminia Chesmore, Grace E. Choi, Steve K. Crowley, Kevin T. Darwish, Omar Denison, Edward V. Devlin, Mark J. Duff, Shannon M. Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J. Dunkley, Jo Ferraro, Simone Fichman, Kyra Gallardo, Patricio A. Golec, Joseph E. Guan, Yilun Han, Dongwon Hasselfield, Matthew Hill, J. Colin Hilton, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hložek, Renée Hubmayr, Johannes Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, John P. Koopman, Brian J. Louis, Thibaut MacInnis, Amanda Madhavacheril, Mathew S. McMahon, Jeff Moodley, Kavilan Naess, Sigurd Namikawa, Toshiya Nati, Federico Newburgh, Laura B. Nibarger, John P. Niemack, Michael D. Page, Lyman A. Salatino, Maria Schaan, Emmanuel Schillaci, Alessandro Sehgal, Neelima Sherwin, Blake D. Sifón, Cristóbal Simon, Sara Staggs, Suzanne T. Storer, Emilie R. Ullom, Joel N. Van Engelen, Alexander Van Lanen, Jeff Vale, Leila R. Wollack, Edward J. Xu, Zhilei Department of Astronomy University of Chicago ChicagoIL United States Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 5th Avenue New YorkNY10010 United States Department of Astronomy Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States NIST Quantum Devices Group 325 Broadway Mailcode 817.03 BoulderCO80305 United States Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto 60 St. George Street TorontoONM5S 3H8 Canada School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade CardiffCF24 3AA United Kingdom Department of Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Physics University of California Berkeley LeConte Hall BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Wilberforce Road CambridgeCB3 0WA United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Peyton Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborUSA48103 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Physics and Astronomy Department Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States Department of Physics Columbia University 538 West 120th Street New YorkNY10027 United States Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New YorkNY10003 United States Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban4041 South Africa School of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal We

Two recent large data releases for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), called DR4 and DR5, are available for public access. These data include temperature and polarization maps that cover nearly half the sky at arcminute resolution in three frequency bands;lensing maps and componentseparated maps covering ∼ 2,100 deg2 of sky;derived power spectra and cosmological likelihoods;a catalog of over 4,000 galaxy clusters;and supporting ancillary products including beam functions and masks. The data and products are described in a suite of ACT papers;here we provide a summary. In order to facilitate ease of access to these data we present a set of Jupyter IPython notebooks developed to introduce users to DR4, DR5, and the tools needed to analyze these data. The data products (excluding simulations) and the set of notebooks are publicly available on the NASA Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis (LAMBDA);simulation products are available on the National Energy Research Scientific Computing center (NERSC). © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： NASA

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Ten simple rules for reproducible research in jupyter notebooks

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Rule, Adam Birmingham, Amanda Zuniga, Cristal Altintas, Ilkay Huang, Shih-Cheng Knight, Rob Moshiri, Niema Nguyen, Mai H. Rosenthal, Sara Brin Pérez, Fernando Rose, Peter W. Design Lab UC San Diego San DiegoCA United States Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics UC San Diego San DiegoCA United States Department of Pediatrics UC San Diego San DiegoCA United States Data Science Hub San Diego Supercomputer Center UC San Diego San DiegoCA United States Departments of Bioengineering and Computer Science and Engineering Center for Microbiome Innovation UC San Diego San DiegoCA United States Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program UC San Diego San DiegoCA United States Department of Statistics Berkeley Institute for Data Science UC Berkeley Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Biomedical Informatics Graduate Program Stanford University StanfordCA United States

Reproducibility of computational studies is a hallmark of scientific methodology. It enables researchers to build with confidence on the methods and findings of others, reuse and extend computational pipelines, and thereby drive scientific progress. Since many experimental studies rely on computational analyses, biologists need guidance on how to set up and document reproducible data analyses or simulations. In this paper, we address several questions about reproducibility. For example, what are the technical and non-technical barriers to reproducible computational studies? What opportunities and challenges do computational notebooks offer to overcome some of these barriers? What tools are available and how can they be used effectively? We have developed a set of rules to serve as a guide to scientists with a specific focus on computational notebook systems, such as Jupyter Notebooks, which have become a tool of choice for many applications. Notebooks combine detailed workflows with narrative text and visualization of results. Combined with software repositories and open source licensing, notebooks are powerful tools for transparent, collaborative, reproducible, and reusable data analyses. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Digital storage

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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Detection of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect with SDSS DR15 galaxies

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Physical Review D 2021年第4期104卷 043502-043502页

作者： V. Calafut P. A. Gallardo E. M. Vavagiakis S. Amodeo S. Aiola J. E. Austermann N. Battaglia E. S. Battistelli J. A. Beall R. Bean J. R. Bond E. Calabrese S. K. Choi N. F. Cothard M. J. Devlin C. J. Duell S. M. Duff A. J. Duivenvoorden J. Dunkley R. Dunner S. Ferraro Y. Guan J. C. Hill G. C. Hilton M. Hilton R. Hložek Z. B. Huber J. Hubmayr K. M. Huffenberger J. P. Hughes B. J. Koopman A. Kosowsky Y. Li M. Lokken M. Madhavacheril J. McMahon K. Moodley S. Naess F. Nati L. B. Newburgh M. D. Niemack L. A. Page B. Partridge E. Schaan A. Schillaci C. Sifón D. N. Spergel S. T. Staggs J. N. Ullom L. R. Vale A. Van Engelen J. Van Lanen E. J. Wollack Z. Xu Department of Astronomy Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New York New York 10010 USA NIST Quantum Devices Group 325 Broadway Mailcode 817.03 Boulder Colorado 80305 USA Physics Department Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H8 Canada School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Department of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York USA 14853 Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Department of Astrophysical Sciences Peyton Hall Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Instituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astro-Ingeniería Facultad de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Avenue Vicuña Mackenna 4860 7820436 Macul Santiago Chile Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics UC Berkeley Berkley California 94720 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA Department of Physics Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4041 South Africa David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H4 Canada Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H4 Canada Department of Physics Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA Department of Physics and

We present a 5.4σ detection of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (kSZ) effect using Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and Planck CMB observations in combination with Luminous Red Galaxy samples from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR15 catalog. Results are obtained using three ACT CMB maps: co-added 150 and 98 GHz maps, combining observations from 2008–2018 (ACT DR5), which overlap with SDSS DR15 over 3,700 sq. deg., and a component-separated map using night-time only observations from 2014–2015 (ACT DR4), overlapping with SDSS DR15 over 2,089 sq. deg. Comparisons of the results from these three maps provide consistency checks in relation to potential frequency-dependent foreground contamination. A total of 343,647 galaxies are used as tracers to identify and locate galaxy groups and clusters from which the kSZ signal is extracted using aperture photometry. We consider the impact of various aperture photometry assumptions and covariance estimation methods on the signal extraction. Theoretical predictions of the pairwise velocities are used to obtain best-fit, mass-averaged, optical depth estimates for each of five luminosity-selected tracer samples. A comparison of the kSZ-derived optical depth measurements obtained here to those derived from the thermal SZ effect for the same sample is presented in a companion paper.

关键词： Cosmic microwave background Cosmological parameters Large scale structure of the Universe

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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Probing the baryon content of SDSS DR15 galaxies with the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effects

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Physical Review D 2021年第4期104卷 043503-043503页

作者： E. M. Vavagiakis P. A. Gallardo V. Calafut S. Amodeo S. Aiola J. E. Austermann N. Battaglia E. S. Battistelli J. A. Beall R. Bean J. R. Bond E. Calabrese S. K. Choi N. F. Cothard M. J. Devlin C. J. Duell S. M. Duff A. J. Duivenvoorden J. Dunkley R. Dunner S. Ferraro Y. Guan J. C. Hill G. C. Hilton M. Hilton R. Hložek Z. B. Huber J. Hubmayr K. M. Huffenberger J. P. Hughes B. J. Koopman A. Kosowsky Y. Li M. Lokken M. Madhavacheril J. McMahon K. Moodley S. Naess F. Nati L. B. Newburgh M. D. Niemack L. A. Page B. Partridge E. Schaan A. Schillaci C. Sifón D. N. Spergel S. T. Staggs J. N. Ullom L. R. Vale A. Van Engelen J. Van Lanen E. J. Wollack Z. Xu Department of Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Astronomy Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New York New York 10010 USA NIST Quantum Sensors Group 325 Broadway Boulder Colorado 80305 USA Physics Department Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H8 Canada School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Department of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Department of Astrophysical Sciences Peyton Hall Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Instituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astro-Ingeniería Facultad de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860 7820436 Macul Santiago Chile Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics UC Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA Department of Physics Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4041 South Africa David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H4 Canada Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H4 Canada Department of Physics Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers Th

We present measurements of the average thermal Sunyaev Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect from optically selected galaxy groups and clusters at high signal-to-noise (up to 12σ) and estimate their baryon content within a 2.1′ radius aperture. Sources from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR15 catalog overlap with 3,700 sq deg of sky observed by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) from 2008 to 2018 at 150 and 98 GHz (ACT DR5), and 2,089 sq deg of internal linear combination component-separated maps combining ACT and Planck data (ACT DR4). The corresponding optical depths τ¯, which depend on the baryon content of the halos, are estimated using results from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations assuming an active galactic nuclei feedback radiative cooling model. We estimate the mean mass of the halos in multiple luminosity bins, and compare the tSZ-based τ¯ estimates to theoretical predictions of the baryon content for a Navarro-Frenk-White profile. We do the same for τ¯ estimates extracted from fits to pairwise baryon momentum measurements of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect (kSZ) for the same dataset obtained in a companion paper. We find that the τ¯ estimates from the tSZ measurements in this work and the kSZ measurements in the companion paper agree within 1σ for two out of the three disjoint luminosity bins studied, while they differ by 2–3σ in the highest luminosity bin. The optical depth estimates account for one-third to all of the theoretically predicted baryon content in the halos across luminosity bins. Potential systematic uncertainties are discussed. The tSZ and kSZ measurements provide a step toward empirical Compton-y¯−τ¯ relationships to provide new tests of cluster formation and evolution models.

关键词： Cosmic microwave background Cosmological parameters Cosmology Large scale structure of the Universe

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Union of Intersections (UoI) for interpretable data driven discovery and prediction

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Bouchard, Kristofer E. Bujan, Alejandro F. Roosta-Khorasani, Farbod Ubaru, Shashanka Prabhat Snijders, Antoine M. Mao, Jian-Hua Chang, Edward F. Mahoney, Michael W. Bhattacharyya, Sharmodeep Biological Systems and Engineering Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience University of California at Berkeley Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience University of California at San Francisco Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience University of California at Berkeley International Computer Science Institute Department of Statistics University of California at Berkeley Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin Cities National Energy Research Super Computing Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Biological Systems and Engineering Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Biological Systems and Engineering Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory UCSF Epilepsy Center University of California at San Francisco Department of Neurological Surgery University of California at San Francisco International Computer Science Institute Department of Statistics University of California at Berkeley Department of Statistics Oregon State University

The increasing size and complexity of scientific data could dramatically enhance discovery and prediction for basic scientific applications. Realizing this potential, however, requires novel statistical analysis methods that are both interpretable and predictive. We introduce Union of Intersections (UoI), a flexible, modular, and scalable framework for enhanced model selection and estimation. Methods based on UoI perform model selection and model estimation through intersection and union operations, respectively. We show that UoI-based methods achieve low-variance and nearly unbiased estimation of a small number of interpretable features, while maintaining high-quality prediction accuracy. We perform extensive numerical investigation to evaluate a UoI algorithm (UoILasso) on synthetic and real data. In doing so, we demonstrate the extraction of interpretable functional networks from human electrophysiology recordings as well as accurate prediction of phenotypes from genotype-phenotype data with reduced features. We also show (with the UoIL1Logistic and UoICUR variants of the basic framework) improved prediction parsimony for classification and matrix factorization on several benchmark biomedical data sets. These results suggest that methods based on the UoI framework could improve interpretation and prediction in data-driven discovery across scientific fields. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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Constraining CMB temperature evolution with Sunyaev-Zel’dovich galaxy clusters from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Li, Yunyang Hincks, Adam D. Amodeo, Stefania Battistelli, Elia S. Richard Bond, J. Calabrese, Erminia Devlin, Mark J. Dunkley, Jo Ferraro, Simone Gluscevic, Vera Guan, Yilun Halpern, Mark Hilton, Matt Hlozek, Renee Marriage, Tobias A. McMahon, Jeff Moodley, Kavilan Naess, Sigurd Nati, Federico Niemack, Michael D. Orlowski-Scherer, John Page, Lyman Partridge, Bruce Salatino, Maria Schaan, Emmanuel Schillaci, Alessandro Sehgal, Neelima Sifón, Cristóbal Staggs, Suzanne T. van Engelen, Alexander Wollack, Edward J. Xu, Zhilei Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University 3701 San Martin Drive BaltimoreMD21218 United States Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George St. TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Department of Astronomy Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Sapienza—University of Rome—Physics department Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 RomeI-00185 Italy Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto 60 St. George St. TorontoONM5S 3H8 Canada School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade Cardiff WalesCF24 3AA United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University Peyton Hall PrincetonNJ08544 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics UC Berkeley CA94720 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban4041 South Africa School of Mathematics Statistics & Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban4041 South Africa Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George St. TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave. ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics University of Chicago Chicago

The Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect introduces a specific distortion of the blackbody spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation when it scatters off hot gas in clusters of galaxies. The frequency dependence of the distortion is only independent of the cluster redshift when the evolution of the CMB radiation is adiabatic. Using 370 clusters within the redshift range 0.07 . z . 1.4 from the largest SZ-selected cluster sample to date from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, we provide new constraints on the deviation of CMB temperature evolution from the standard model α = 0.017+0.029−0.032, where T(z) = T0(1 + z)1−α. This result is consistent with no deviation from the standard adiabatic model. Combining it with previous, independent datasets we obtain a joint constraint of α = −0.001± 0.012. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmology

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Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Combined kinematic and thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich measurements from BOSS CMASS and LOWZ halos

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Physical Review D 2021年第6期103卷 063513-063513页

作者： Emmanuel Schaan Simone Ferraro Stefania Amodeo Nicholas Battaglia Simone Aiola Jason E. Austermann James A. Beall Rachel Bean Daniel T. Becker Richard J. Bond Erminia Calabrese Victoria Calafut Steve K. Choi Edward V. Denison Mark J. Devlin Shannon M. Duff Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden Jo Dunkley Rolando Dünner Patricio A. Gallardo Yilun Guan Dongwon Han J. Colin Hill Gene C. Hilton Matt Hilton Renée Hložek Johannes Hubmayr Kevin M. Huffenberger John P. Hughes Brian J. Koopman Amanda MacInnis Jeff McMahon Mathew S. Madhavacheril Kavilan Moodley Tony Mroczkowski Sigurd Naess Federico Nati Laura B. Newburgh Michael D. Niemack Lyman A. Page Bruce Partridge Maria Salatino Neelima Sehgal Alessandro Schillaci Cristóbal Sifón Kendrick M. Smith David N. Spergel Suzanne Staggs Emilie R. Storer Hy Trac Joel N. Ullom Jeff Van Lanen Leila R. Vale Alexander van Engelen Mariana Vargas Magaña Eve M. Vavagiakis Edward J. Wollack Zhilei Xu Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Astronomy Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New York New York 10010 USA Quantum Sensors Group NIST 325 Broadway Boulder Colorado 80305 USA Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics 60 Saint George Street University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H8 Canada School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade Cardiff Wales CF24 3AA United Kingdom Department of Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Quantum Sensors Group NIST 325 Broadway Colorado 80305 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Department of Astrophysical Sciences Peyton Hall Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA 08544 Instituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astro-Ingeniería Facultad de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860 7820436 Macul Santiago Chile Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA Physics and Astronomy Department Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Department of Physics Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4041 South Africa School of Mathematics Statistics & Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4041 South Africa David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 Saint George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H4 Canada Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 Saint George Street T

The scattering of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons off the free-electron gas in galaxies and clusters leaves detectable imprints on high resolution CMB maps: the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effects (tSZ and kSZ respectively). We use combined microwave maps from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope DR5 and Planck in combination with the CMASS (mean redshift ⟨z⟩=0.55 and host halo mass ⟨Mvir⟩=3×1013 M⊙) and LOWZ (⟨z⟩=0.31, ⟨Mvir⟩=5×1013 M⊙) galaxy catalogs from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS DR10 and DR12), to study the gas associated with these galaxy groups. Using individual reconstructed velocities, we perform a stacking analysis and reject the no-kSZ hypothesis at 6.5σ, the highest significance to date. This directly translates into a measurement of the electron number density profile, and thus of the gas density profile. Despite the limited signal to noise, the measurement shows at high significance that the gas density profile is more extended than the dark matter density profile, for any reasonable baryon abundance (formally >90σ for the cosmic baryon abundance). We simultaneously measure the tSZ signal, i.e., the electron thermal pressure profile of the same CMASS objects, and reject the no-tSZ hypothesis at 10σ. We combine tSZ and kSZ measurements to estimate the electron temperature to 20% precision in several aperture bins, and find it comparable to the virial temperature. In a companion paper, we analyze these measurements to constrain the gas thermodynamics and the properties of feedback inside galaxy groups. We present the corresponding LOWZ measurements in this paper, ruling out a null kSZ (tSZ) signal at 2.9 (13.9)σ, and leave their interpretation to future work. This paper and the companion paper demonstrate that current CMB experiments can detect and resolve gas profiles in low mass halos and at high redshifts, which are the most sensitive to feedback in galaxy formation and the most difficult to measure any othe

关键词： Cosmic microwave background Formation & evolution of stars & galaxies Large scale structure of the Universe

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