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Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Combined kinematic and thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich measurements from BOSS CMASS and LOWZ halos

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Physical Review D 2021年第6期103卷 063513-063513页

作者： Emmanuel Schaan Simone Ferraro Stefania Amodeo Nicholas Battaglia Simone Aiola Jason E. Austermann James A. Beall Rachel Bean Daniel T. Becker Richard J. Bond Erminia Calabrese Victoria Calafut Steve K. Choi Edward V. Denison Mark J. Devlin Shannon M. Duff Adriaan J. Duivenvoorden Jo Dunkley Rolando Dünner Patricio A. Gallardo Yilun Guan Dongwon Han J. Colin Hill Gene C. Hilton Matt Hilton Renée Hložek Johannes Hubmayr Kevin M. Huffenberger John P. Hughes Brian J. Koopman Amanda MacInnis Jeff McMahon Mathew S. Madhavacheril Kavilan Moodley Tony Mroczkowski Sigurd Naess Federico Nati Laura B. Newburgh Michael D. Niemack Lyman A. Page Bruce Partridge Maria Salatino Neelima Sehgal Alessandro Schillaci Cristóbal Sifón Kendrick M. Smith David N. Spergel Suzanne Staggs Emilie R. Storer Hy Trac Joel N. Ullom Jeff Van Lanen Leila R. Vale Alexander van Engelen Mariana Vargas Magaña Eve M. Vavagiakis Edward J. Wollack Zhilei Xu Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics University of California Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Astronomy Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New York New York 10010 USA Quantum Sensors Group NIST 325 Broadway Boulder Colorado 80305 USA Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics 60 Saint George Street University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H8 Canada School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade Cardiff Wales CF24 3AA United Kingdom Department of Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Quantum Sensors Group NIST 325 Broadway Colorado 80305 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Department of Astrophysical Sciences Peyton Hall Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA 08544 Instituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astro-Ingeniería Facultad de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860 7820436 Macul Santiago Chile Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA Physics and Astronomy Department Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York 11794 USA Department of Physics Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4041 South Africa School of Mathematics Statistics & Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4041 South Africa David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 Saint George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H4 Canada Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 Saint George Street T

The scattering of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons off the free-electron gas in galaxies and clusters leaves detectable imprints on high resolution CMB maps: the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effects (tSZ and kSZ respectively). We use combined microwave maps from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope DR5 and Planck in combination with the CMASS (mean redshift ⟨z⟩=0.55 and host halo mass ⟨Mvir⟩=3×1013 M⊙) and LOWZ (⟨z⟩=0.31, ⟨Mvir⟩=5×1013 M⊙) galaxy catalogs from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS DR10 and DR12), to study the gas associated with these galaxy groups. Using individual reconstructed velocities, we perform a stacking analysis and reject the no-kSZ hypothesis at 6.5σ, the highest significance to date. This directly translates into a measurement of the electron number density profile, and thus of the gas density profile. Despite the limited signal to noise, the measurement shows at high significance that the gas density profile is more extended than the dark matter density profile, for any reasonable baryon abundance (formally >90σ for the cosmic baryon abundance). We simultaneously measure the tSZ signal, i.e., the electron thermal pressure profile of the same CMASS objects, and reject the no-tSZ hypothesis at 10σ. We combine tSZ and kSZ measurements to estimate the electron temperature to 20% precision in several aperture bins, and find it comparable to the virial temperature. In a companion paper, we analyze these measurements to constrain the gas thermodynamics and the properties of feedback inside galaxy groups. We present the corresponding LOWZ measurements in this paper, ruling out a null kSZ (tSZ) signal at 2.9 (13.9)σ, and leave their interpretation to future work. This paper and the companion paper demonstrate that current CMB experiments can detect and resolve gas profiles in low mass halos and at high redshifts, which are the most sensitive to feedback in galaxy formation and the most difficult to measure any othe

关键词： Cosmic microwave background Formation & evolution of stars & galaxies Large scale structure of the Universe

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Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 air pollution, 1990–2019: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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The Lancet Planetary Health 2022年第7期6卷 e586-e600页

作者： Burkart, Katrin Causey, Kate Cohen, Aaron J Wozniak, Sarah S Salvi, Devashri Digvijay Abbafati, Cristiana Adekanmbi, Victor Adsuar, Jose C Ahmadi, Keivan Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alipour, Vahid Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amegah, Adeladza Kofi Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Ansari, Fereshteh Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Aripov, Timur Babaee, Ebrahim Banach, MacIej Barnett, Anthony Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Bedi, Neeraj Behzadifar, Masoud Béjot, Yannick Bennett, Derrick A Bensenor, Isabela M Bernstein, Robert S Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Biondi, Antonio Bohlouli, Somayeh Breitner, Susanne Brenner, Hermann Butt, Zahid A Cámera, Luis Alberto Cantu-Brito, Carlos Carvalho, Felix Cerin, Ester Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chauhan, Bal Govind Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine Chu, Dinh-Toi Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Daryani, Ahmad Davletov, Kairat De Courten, Barbora Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Meghnath Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Duncan, Bruce B El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Eskandarieh, Sharareh Fareed, Mohammad Farzadfar, Farshad Fattahi, Nazir Fazlzadeh, Mehdi Fernandes, Eduarda Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A Freitas, Marisa Ghashghaee, Ahmad Gill, Paramjit Singh Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed Gopalani, Sameer Vali Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajat Das Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie Hamadeh, Randah R Hamidi, Samer Hankey, Graeme J Hasanpoor, Edris Hassen, Hamid Yimam Hay, Simon I Heibati, Behzad Hole, Michael K Hossain, Naznin Househ, Mowafa Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Jaafari, Jalil Jakovljevic, Mihajlo Jha, Ravi Prakash Jonas, Jost B Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Kasaeian, Amir Kaydi, Neda Khader, Yousef Saleh Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Junaid Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khatab, Khaled Khater, Amir M Kim, Yun Jin Kimokoti, Ruth W Kisa, Adnan Kivimäki, Mika Knibbs, Luke D Kosen, Soewarta Koul, Parvaiz A Koyanagi, Ai Defo, Barthelemy Kuate Kugbey, Nuworza Lauriola, Paolo Lee, Paul H Leili, Mostafa Lewycka, Sonia Li, Shanshan Lim, Lee-Ling Li Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA United States Research Insights and Innovation Seattle WA United States Health Effects Institute Boston MA United States School of Public Health Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Department of Population Medicine Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Sport Science Department University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain School of Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Primary Care and Public Health Imperial College London London United Kingdom Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) St Louis MO United States Health Management and Economics Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Economics Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Community and Family Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast) Barranquilla Colombia Research Group in Health Economics University of Cartagena Cartagena Colombia Department of Biomedical Science University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Cardiology Department Ca

Background: Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM_2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution. Methods: We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM_2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure–response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression—Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM_2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM_2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM_2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68–4·83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117–223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49–17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73–17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22–9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81–8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Am

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Advanced multilevel Monte Carlo methods

arXiv

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Jasra, Ajay Law, Kody Suciu, Carina Department of Statistics & Applied Probability National University of Singapore Singapore117546 Singapore Computer Science and Mathematics Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37934 United States Center for Uncertainty Quantification in Computational Science & Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal23955-6900 Saudi Arabia

This article reviews the application of advanced Monte Carlo techniques in the context of Multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC). MLMC is a strategy employed to compute expectations which can be biased in some sense, for instance, by using the discretization of a associated probability law. The MLMC approach works with a hierarchy of biased approximations which become progressively more accurate and more expensive. Using a telescoping representation of the most accurate approximation, the method is able to reduce the computational cost for a given level of error versus i.i.d. sampling from this latter approximation. All of these ideas originated for cases where exact sampling from couples in the hierarchy is possible. This article considers the case where such exact sampling is not currently possible. We consider Markov chain Monte Carlo and sequential Monte Carlo methods which have been introduced in the literature and we describe different strategies which facilitate the application of MLMC within these methods. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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The overlapping burden of the three leading causes of disability and death in sub-Saharan African children

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Nature Communications 2022年第1期13卷 1-14页

作者： Reiner, Robert C. Welgan, Catherine A. Troeger, Christopher E. Baumann, Mathew M. Weiss, Daniel J. Deshpande, Aniruddha Blacker, Brigette F. Miller-Petrie, Molly K. Earl, Lucas Bhatt, Samir Abolhassani, Hassan Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Aghaali, Mohammad Aji, Budi Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Saqib Alizade, Hesam Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almasi-Hashiani, Amir Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amare, Azmeraw T. Amini, Saeed Amugsi, Dickson A. Ancuceanu, Robert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Ansari, Fereshteh Anvari, Davood Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Ausloos, Marcel Ausloos, Floriane Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Badawi, Alaa Baig, Atif Amin Banach, Maciej Bedi, Neeraj Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhandari, Dinesh Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bijani, Ali Birhanu, Tesega Tesega Mengistu Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Butt, Zahid A. Car, Josip Carvalho, Felix Casey, Daniel C. Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Coelho, Camila H. Cook, Aubrey J. Damiani, Giovanni Daoud, Farah Gela, Jiregna Darega Darwish, Amira Hamed Daryani, Ahmad Das, Jai K. Davis Weaver, Nicole Deribe, Kebede Desalew, Assefa Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Dorostkar, Fariba Dubljanin, Eleonora Duko, Bereket Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura Effiong, Andem El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa El Tantawi, Maha Enany, Shymaa Fattahi, Nazir Feigin, Valery L. Fernandes, Eduarda Ferrara, Pietro Fischer, Florian Foigt, Nataliya A. Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Foroutan, Masoud Frostad, Joseph Jon Fukumoto, Takeshi Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji Gebrekrstos, Hailemikael Gebrekidan G. K. Gebremeskel, Leake Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Gething, Peter W. Gezae, Kebede Embaye Ghadiri, Keyghobad Ghashghaee, Ahmad Golechha, Mahaveer Gubar Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Imperial College London London United Kingdom Department of Laboratory Medicine Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Berhan Ethiopia Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Population Health Sciences King’s College London London United Kingdom Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa Department of Global Health Stellenbosch University Cape Town South Africa Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Qom University of Medical Sciences Qom Iran Faculty of Medicine and Public Health Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto Indonesia Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research Rochester MN United States John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO United States Clinical Epidemiology Center Department of Veterans Affairs St Louis MO United States Institute of Health Research University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Information Systems College of Economics and Political Science Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas Iran Department of Health Policy and Management Kuwait University Safat Kuwait International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding National University of Malaysia Bandar Tun Razak Malaysia Department of Epidemiology Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak Iran Medical Research Center

Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (under 5), primarily in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The spatial burden of each of these diseases has been estimated subnationally across SSA, yet no prior analyses have examined the pattern of their combined burden. Here we synthesise subnational estimates of the burden of LRIs, diarrhoea, and malaria in children under-5 from 2000 to 2017 for 43 sub-Saharan countries. Some units faced a relatively equal burden from each of the three diseases, while others had one or two dominant sources of unit-level burden, with no consistent pattern geographically across the entire subcontinent. Using a subnational counterfactual analysis, we show that nearly 300 million DALYs could have been averted since 2000 by raising all units to their national average. Our findings are directly relevant for decision-makers in determining which and targeting where the most appropriate interventions are for increasing child survival. © 2022, The Author(s).

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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Constraints on Pre-Recombination Early Dark Energy

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Colin Hill, J. Calabrese, Erminia Aiola, Simone Battaglia, Nicholas Bolliet, Boris Choi, Steve K. Devlin, Mark J. Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J. Dunkley, Jo Ferraro, Simone Gallardo, Patricio A. Gluscevic, Vera Hasselfield, Matthew Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hložek, Renée Koopman, Brian J. Kosowsky, Arthur Posta, Adrien La Louis, Thibaut Madhavacheril, Mathew S. McMahon, Jeff Moodley, Kavilan Naess, Sigurd Natale, Umberto Nati, Federico Newburgh, Laura Niemack, Michael D. Page, Lyman A. Partridge, Bruce Qu, Frank J. Salatino, Maria Schillaci, Alessandro Sehgal, Neelima Sherwin, Blake D. Sifón, Cristóbal Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Storer, Emilie R. van Engelen, Alexander Vavagiakis, Eve M. Wollack, Edward J. Xu, Zhilei Department of Physics Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New YorkNY10010 United States School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade Wales CardiffCF24 3AA United Kingdom Department of Astronomy Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University Peyton Hall PrincetonNJ08544 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics UC Berkeley CA94720 United States Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90007 United States Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban4041 South Africa School of Mathematics Statistics & Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban4041 South Africa David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George St. TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Dunlap Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics 50 St. George St. TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Université Paris-Saclay CNRS IN2P3 IJCLab Orsay91405 France Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street N WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Physics University of Chicago C

The early dark energy (EDE) scenario aims to increase the value of the Hubble constant (H0) inferred from cosmic microwave background (CMB) data over that found in the standard cosmological model (ΛCDM), via the introduction of a new form of energy density in the early universe. The EDE component briefly accelerates cosmic expansion just prior to recombination, which reduces the physical size of the sound horizon imprinted in the CMB. Previous work has found that non-zero EDE is not preferred by Planck CMB power spectrum data alone, which yield a 95% confidence level (CL) upper limit fEDE Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Budget control

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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Probing the baryon content of SDSS DR15 galaxies with the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effects

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Vavagiakis, Eve M. Gallardo, Patricio A. Calafut, Victoria Amodeo, Stefania Aiola, Simone Austermann, Jason E. Battaglia, Nicholas Battistelli, Elia S. Beall, James A. Bean, Rachel Bond, J. Richard Calabrese, Erminia Choi, Steve K. Cothard, Nicholas F. Devlin, Mark J. Duell, Cody J. Duff, S.M. Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J. Dunkley, Jo Dunner, Rolando Ferraro, Simone Guan, Yilun Hill, J. Colin Hilton, G.C. Hilton, Matt Hložek, Renee Huber, Zachary B. Hubmayr, Johannes Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, John P. Koopman, Brian J. Kosowsky, Arthur Li, Yaqiong Lokken, Martine Madhavacheril, Mathew McMahon, Jeff Moodley, Kavilan Naess, Sigurd Nati, Federico Newburgh, Laura B. Niemack, Michael D. Page, Lyman Partridge, Bruce Schaan, Emmanuel Schillaci, Alessandro Sifon, Cristobal Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Ullom, Joel N. Vale, Leila R. van Engelen, Alexander van Lanen, J. Wollack, Edward J. Xu, Zhilei Department of Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Astronomy Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New YorkNY10010 United States NIST Quantum Sensors Group 325 Broadway BoulderCO80305 United States Physics Department Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 RomeI-00185 Italy Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 3H8 Canada School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade CardiffCF24 3AA United Kingdom Department of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Peyton Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Instituto de Astrofísica Centro de Astro-Ingeniería Facultad de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Macul Santiago7820436 Chile Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics UC Berkeley CA94720 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Department of Physics Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban4041 South Africa David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George St. TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George St. TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Department of Physics Florida State University TallahasseeFL32306 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers The State

We present measurements of the average thermal Sunyaev Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect from optically selected galaxy groups and clusters at high signal-to-noise (up to 12σ) and estimate their baryon content within a 2.10 radius aperture. Sources from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) DR15 catalog overlap with 3,700 sq. deg. of sky observed by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) from 2008 to 2018 at 150 and 98 GHz (ACT DR5), and 2,089 sq. deg. of internal linear combination component-separated maps combining ACT and Planck data (ACT DR4). The corresponding optical depths, τ¯, which depend on the baryon content of the halos, are estimated using results from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations assuming an AGN feedback radiative cooling model. We estimate the mean mass of the halos in multiple luminosity bins, and compare the tSZ-based τ¯ estimates to theoretical predictions of the baryon content for a Navarro–Frenk–White profile. We do the same for τ¯ estimates extracted from fits to pairwise baryon momentum measurements of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect (kSZ) for the same data set obtained in a companion paper. We find that the τ¯ estimates from the tSZ measurements in this work and the kSZ measurements in the companion paper agree within 1σ for two out of the three disjoint luminosity bins studied, while they differ by 2-3σ in the highest luminosity bin. The optical depth estimates account for one third to all of the theoretically predicted baryon content in the halos across luminosity bins. Potential systematic uncertainties are discussed. The tSZ and kSZ measurements provide a step towards empirical Compton-ȳ-¯ τ relationships to provide new tests of cluster formation and evolution models. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hadrons

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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Detection of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect with SDSS DR15 galaxies

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Calafut, Victoria Gallardo, Patricio A. Vavagiakis, Eve M. Amodeo, Stefania Aiola, Simone Austermann, Jason E. Battaglia, Nicholas Battistelli, Elia S. Beall, James A. Bean, Rachel Bond, J. Richard Calabrese, Erminia Choi, Steve K. Cothard, Nicholas F. Devlin, Mark J. Duell, Cody J. Duff, S.M. Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J. Dunkley, Jo Dunner, Rolando Ferraro, Simone Guan, Yilun Hill, J. Colin Hilton, G.C. Hilton, Matt Hlozek, Renee Huber, Zachary B. Hubmayr, Johannes Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, John P. Koopman, Brian J. Kosowsky, Arthur Li, Yaqiong Lokken, Martine Madhavacheril, Mathew McMahon, Jeff Moodley, Kavilan Naess, Sigurd Nati, Federico Newburgh, Laura B. Niemack, Michael D. Page, Lyman Partridge, Bruce Schaan, Emmanuel Schillaci, Alessandro Sifon, Cristobal Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Ullom, Joel N. Vale, Leila R. van Engelen, Alexander van Lanen, J. Wollack, Edward J. Xu, Zhilei Department of Astronomy Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New YorkNY10010 United States NIST Quantum Devices Group 325 Broadway Mailcode 817.03 BoulderCO80305 United States Physics Department Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 RomeI-00185 Italy Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 3H8 Canada School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade CardiffCF24 3AA United Kingdom Department of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Peyton Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Instituto de Astrofísica Centro de Astro-Ingeniería Facultad de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Macul Santiago7820436 Chile Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics UC Berkeley CA94720 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Department of Physics Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban4041 South Africa David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George St. TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George St. TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Department of Physics Florida State University TallahasseeFL32306 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Ru

We present a 5.4σ detection of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect using Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and Planck CMB observations in combination with Luminous Red Galaxy samples from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR15 catalog. Results are obtained using three ACT CMB maps: co-added 150 GHz and 98 GHz maps, combining observations from 2008-2018 (ACT DR5), which overlap with SDSS DR15 over 3,700 sq. deg., and a component-separated map using night-time only observations from 2014-2015 (ACT DR4), overlapping with SDSS DR15 over 2,089 sq. deg. Comparisons of the results from these three maps provide consistency checks in relation to potential frequency-dependent foreground contamination. A total of 343,647 galaxies are used as tracers to identify and locate galaxy groups and clusters from which the kSZ signal is extracted using aperture photometry. We consider the impact of various aperture photometry assumptions and covariance estimation methods on the signal extraction. Theoretical predictions of the pairwise velocities are used to obtain best-fit, mass-averaged, optical depth estimates for each of five luminosity-selected tracer samples. A comparison of the kSZ-derived optical depth measurements obtained here to those derived from the thermal SZ effect for the same sample is presented in a companion paper. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Kinematics

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Model-assisted probability of detection of flaws in aluminum blocks using polynomial chaos expansions

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2018年第1期1949卷

作者： Xiaosong Du Leifur Leifsson Robert Grandin William Meeker Ronald Roberts Jiming Song 1Computational Design Laboratory Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA 2Center of Nondestructive Evaluation Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA 3Department of Statistics Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA 4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA

Probability of detection (POD) is widely used for measuring reliability of nondestructive testing (NDT) systems. Typically, POD is determined experimentally, while it can be enhanced by utilizing physics-based computational models in combination with model-assisted POD (MAPOD) methods. With the development of advanced physics-based methods, such as ultrasonic NDT testing, the empirical information, needed for POD methods, can be reduced. However, performing accurate numerical simulations can be prohibitively time-consuming, especially as part of stochastic analysis. In this work, stochastic surrogate models for computational physics-based measurement simulations are developed for cost savings of MAPOD methods while simultaneously ensuring sufficient accuracy. The stochastic surrogate is used to propagate the random input variables through the physics-based simulation model to obtain the joint probability distribution of the output. The POD curves are then generated based on those results. Here, the stochastic surrogates are constructed using non-intrusive polynomial chaos (NIPC) expansions. In particular, the NIPC methods used are the quadrature, ordinary least-squares (OLS), and least-angle regression sparse (LARS) techniques. The proposed approach is demonstrated on the ultrasonic testing simulation of a flat bottom hole flaw in an aluminum block. The results show that the stochastic surrogates have at least two orders of magnitude faster convergence on the statistics than direct Monte Carlo sampling (MCS). Moreover, the evaluation of the stochastic surrogate models is over three orders of magnitude faster than the underlying simulation model for this case, which is the UTSim2 model.

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Superclustering with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and Dark Energy Survey: I. Evidence for thermal energy anisotropy using oriented stacking

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Lokken, Martine Hložek, R. van Engelen, A. Madhavacheril, M. Baxter, E. DeRose, J. Doux, C. Pandey, S. Rykoff, E.S. Stein, G. To, C. Abbott, T.M.C. Adhikari, S. Aguena, M. Allam, S. Andrade-Oliveira, F. Annis, J. Battaglia, N. Bernstein, G.M. Bertin, E. Bond, J.R. Brooks, D. Calabrese, E. Carnero Rosell, A. Carrasco Kind, M. Carretero, J. Cawthon, R. Choi, A. Costanzi, M. Crocce, M. da Costa, L.N. da Silva Pereira, M.E. De Vicente, J. Desai, S. Dietrich, J.P. Doel, P. Dunkley, J. Everett, S. Evrard, A.E. Ferraro, S. Flaugher, B. Fosalba, P. Frieman, J. Gallardo, P.A. García-Bellido, J. Gaztanaga, E. Gerdes, D.W. Giannantonio, T. Gruen, D. Gruendl, R.A. Gschwend, J. Gutierrez, G. Hill, J.C. Hilton, M. Hincks, A.D. Hinton, S.R. Hollowood, D.L. Honscheid, K. Hoyle, B. Huang, Z. Hughes, J.P. Huterer, D. Jain, B. James, D.J. Jeltema, T. Kuehn, K. Lima, M. Maia, M.A.G. Marshall, J.L. McMahon, J. Melchior, P. Menanteau, F. Miquel, R. Mohr, J.J. Moodley, K. Morgan, R. Nati, F. Page, L. Ogando, R.L.C. Palmese, A. Paz-Chinchón, F. Plazas Malagón, A.A. Pieres, A. Romer, A.K. Rozo, E. Sanchez, E. Scarpine, V. Schillaci, A. Schubnell, M. Serrano, S. Sevilla-Noarbe, I. Sheldon, E. Shin, T. Sifón, C. Smith, M. Soares-Santos, M. Suchyta, E. Swanson, M.E.C. Tarle, G. Thomas, D. Tucker, D.L. Varga, T.N. Weller, J. Wechsler, R.H. Wilkinson, R.D. Wollack, E.J. Xu, Z. David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George St. TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto 60 St. George St. TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada Dunlap Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics 50 St. George St. TorontoONM5S 3H4 Canada School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street N WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90007 United States Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai'i 2680 Woodlawn Drive HonoluluHI96822 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology Stanford University P. O. Box 2450 StanfordCA94305 United States Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics 341 Campbell Hall University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics Stanford University 382 Via Pueblo Mall StanfordCA94305 United States Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory Casilla 603 La Serena Chile Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave. ChicagoIL60637 United States Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA Rua Gal. José Cristino 77 RJ Rio de Janeiro20921-400 Brazil Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P. O. Box 500 BataviaIL60510 United States Instituto de Física Teórica Universidade Estadual Paulista São Paulo Brazil Department of Astronomy Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States CNRS UMR 7095 Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ParisF-75014 Fra

The cosmic web contains filamentary structure on a wide range of scales. On the largest scales, superclustering aligns multiple galaxy clusters along inter-cluster bridges, visible through their thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich signal in the Cosmic Microwave Background. We demonstrate a new, flexible method to analyze the hot gas signal from multi-scale extended structures. We use a Compton-y map from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) stacked on redMaPPer cluster positions from the optical Dark Energy Survey (DES). Cutout images from the y map are oriented with large-scale structure information from DES galaxy data such that the superclustering signal is aligned before being overlaid. We find evidence for an extended quadrupole moment of the stacked y signal at the 3.5σ level, demonstrating that the large-scale thermal energy surrounding galaxy clusters is anisotropically distributed. We compare our ACT×DES results with the Buzzard simulations, finding broad agreement. Using simulations, we highlight the promise of this novel technique for constraining the evolution of anisotropic, non-Gaussian structure using future combinations of microwave and optical surveys. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Telescopes

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Euclid: Early Release Observations – A preview of the Euclid era through a galaxy cluster magnifying lens

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Atek, Hakim Gavazzi, R. Weaver, J.R. Diego, J.M. Schrabback, T. Hatch, N.A. Aghanim, N. Dole, H. Hartley, W.G. Taamoli, S. Congedo, G. Jimenez-Teja, Y. Cuillandre, J.-C. Bañados, E. Belladitta, S. Bowler, R.A.A. Franco, M. Jauzac, M. Mahler, G. Richard, J. Rocci, P.-F. Serjeant, S. Toft, S. Abriola, D. Bergamini, P. Biviano, A. Dimauro, P. Ezziati, M. Golden-Marx, J.B. Grillo, C. Hughes, A.C.N. Kang, Y. Kneib, J.-P. Lombardi, M. Mamon, G.A. McPartland, C.J.R. Meneghetti, M. Miyatake, H. Montes, M. Mortlock, D.J. Oesch, P.A. Okabe, N. Rosati, P. Taylor, A.N. Tarsitano, F. Weller, J. Kluge, M. Laureijs, R. Paltani, S. Saifollahi, T. Schirmer, M. Stone, C. Mora, A. Altieri, B. Amara, A. Andreon, S. Auricchio, N. Baldi, M. Balestra, A. Bardelli, S. Basset, A. Bender, R. Bodendorf, C. Bonino, D. Branchini, E. Brescia, M. Brinchmann, J. Camera, S. Candini, G.P. Capobianco, V. Carbone, C. Cardone, V.F. Carretero, J. Casas, S. Castander, F.J. Castellano, M. Cavuoti, S. Cimatti, A. Conselice, C.J. Conversi, L. Copin, Y. Corcione, L. Courbin, F. Courtois, H.M. Da Silva, A. Degaudenzi, H. Di Giorgio, A.M. Dinis, J. Douspis, M. Dubath, F. Dupac, X. Dusini, S. Ealet, A. Farina, M. Farrens, S. Ferriol, S. Fotopoulou, S. Frailis, M. Franceschi, E. Galeotta, S. Gillard, W. Gillis, B. Giocoli, C. Gómez-Alvarez, P. Grazian, A. Grupp, F. Guzzo, L. Hailey, M. Haugan, S.V.H. Hoar, J. Hoekstra, H. Holliman, M.S. Holmes, W. Hook, I. Hormuth, F. Hornstrup, A. Hudelot, P. Jahnke, K. Jhabvala, M. Keihänen, E. Kermiche, S. Kiessling, A. Kitching, T. Kohley, R. Kubik, B. Kuijken, K. Kümmel, M. Kunz, M. Kurki-Suonio, H. Lahav, O. Le Mignant, D. Ligori, S. Lilje, P.B. Lindholm, V. Lloro, I. Maino, D. Maiorano, E. Mansutti, O. Marggraf, O. Markovic, K. Martinet, N. Marulli, F. Massey, R. Maurogordato, S. McCracken, H.J. Mei, S. Mellier, Y. Merlin, E. Meylan, G. Moresco, M. Moscardini, L. Nakajima, R. Nichol, R.C. Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris UMR 7095 CNRS Sorbonne Université 98 bis boulevard Arago Paris75014 France Aix-Marseille Université CNRS CNES LAM Marseille France Department of Astronomy University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003 United States Instituto de Física de Cantabria Edificio Juan Jordá Avenida de los Castros Santander39005 Spain Universität Innsbruck Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik Technikerstr. 25/8 Innsbruck6020 Austria School of Physics and Astronomy University of Nottingham University Park NottinghamNG7 2RD United Kingdom Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut d’astrophysique spatiale Orsay91405 France Department of Astronomy University of Geneva ch. d’Ecogia 16 Versoix1290 Switzerland Physics and Astronomy Department University of California 900 University Ave. RiversideCA92521 United States Institute for Astronomy University of Edinburgh Royal Observatory Blackford Hill EdinburghEH9 3HJ United Kingdom Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía Granada18080 Spain Observatorio Nacional Rua General Jose Cristino 77-Bairro Imperial de Sao Cristovao Rio de Janeiro20921-400 Brazil Université Paris-Saclay Université Paris Cité CEA CNRS AIM Gif-sur-Yvette91191 France Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie Königstuhl 17 Heidelberg69117 Germany INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 Bologna40129 Italy Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Manchester Oxford Road ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States Department of Physics Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy Durham University South Road DH1 3LE United Kingdom Department of Physics Institute for Computational Cosmology Durham University South Road DH1 3LE United Kingdom Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban4041 South Africa School of

We present the first analysis of the Euclid Early Release Observations (ERO) program that targets fields around two lensing clusters, Abell 2390 and Abell 2764. We use VIS and NISP imaging to produce photometric catalogs for a total of ∼ 500 000 objects. The imaging data reach a 5 σ typical depth in the range 25.1–25.4 AB in the NISP bands, and 27.1–27.3 AB in the VIS band. Using the Lyman-break method in combination with photometric redshifts, we search for high-redshift galaxies. We identify 30 Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) candidates at z > 6 and 139 extremely red sources (ERSs), most likely at lower redshift. The deeper VIS imaging compared to NISP means we can routinely identify high-redshift Lyman breaks of the order of 3 magnitudes, which reduces contamination by brown dwarf stars and low-redshift galaxies. The difficulty of spatially resolving most of these sources in 0′′ . 3 pix−1 imaging makes the distinction between galaxies and quasars more challenging. Spectroscopic followup campaigns of such bright sources will help constrain both the bright end of the ultraviolet galaxy luminosity function and the quasar luminosity function at z > 6, and constrain the physical nature of these objects. Additionally, we have performed a combined strong lensing and weak lensing analysis of A2390, and demonstrate how Euclid will contribute to better constraining the virial mass of galaxy clusters. From these data, we also identify optical and near-infrared counterparts of known z > 0.6 clusters, which exhibit strong lensing features, establishing the ability of Euclid to characterize high-redshift clusters. Finally, we provide a glimpse of Euclid’s ability to map the intracluster light out to larger radii than current facilities, enabling a better understanding of the cluster assembly history and mapping of the dark matter distribution. This initial dataset illustrates the diverse spectrum of legacy science that will be enabled by the Euclid survey. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Galaxies

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