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IEEE Annual International Symposium Virtual Reality

作者： Peter Weir Christian Sandor Matt Swoboda Thanh Nguyen Ulrich Eck Gerhard Reitmayr Arindam Day Magic Vision Lab University of South Australia Adelaide Australia Fairlight UK Institute of Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Graz Austria University of South Australia Adelaide SA AU

Augmented Reality systems that run interactively and in real time, using high quality graphical displays and sensational cues, can create the illusion of virtual objects appearing to be real. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of BurnAR, a novel demonstration which enables users to experience the illusion of seeing their own hands burning, which we achieve by overlaying virtual flames and smoke on their hands. Surprisingly, some users reported an involuntary warming sensation of their hands. Based on these comments, we hypothesized that stimulation of multiple sensory modalities presented in this AR environment can induce an involuntary experience in an additional sensory pathway: observation of virtual flames resulting in a heat sensation. This cross-modal transfer, known as virtual synesthesia, is a temporary experience which affects some people who are not synesthetes and only lasts for a short time during the illusory experience. To verify our hypothesis, we conducted an exploratory study where participants experienced the BurnAR demonstration under controlled conditions.

关键词： Heating Visualization Virtual environments Three-dimensional displays Augmented reality Streaming media

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Decoupled deferred shading for hardware rasterization 12

Decoupled deferred shading for hardware rasterization

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2012 16th ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and Games, I3D 2012

作者： Liktor, Gábor Dachsbacher, Carsten Computer Graphics Group Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450311946

In this paper we present decoupled deferred shading: a rendering technique based on a new data structure called compact geometry buffer, which stores shading samples independently from the visibility. This enables caching and efficient reuse of shading computation, e.g. for stochastic rasterization techniques. In contrast to previous methods, our decoupled shading can be efficiently implemented on current graphics hardware. We describe two variants which differ in the way the shading samples are cached: the first maintains a single cache for the entire image in global memory, while the second pursues a tile-based approach leveraging local memory of the GPU's multiprocessors. We demonstrate the application of decoupled deferred shading to speed up the rendering in applications with stochastic supersampling, depth of field, and motion blur. © 2012 ACM.

关键词： Rasterization

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Deformation-Aware Split Grammars for Architectural Models

Deformation-Aware Split Grammars for Architectural Models

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International Conference on Cyberworlds

作者： René Zmugg Wolfgang Thaller Ulrich Krispel Johannes Edelsbrunner Sven Havemann Dieter W. Fellner Institute for Computer Graphics and Knowledge Visualization (CGV) Graz University of Technology Graz Austria Graphisch-Interaktive Systeme (GRIS) TU Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Fraunhofer IGD TU Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany

With the current state of video games growing in scale, manual content creation may no longer be feasible in the future. Split grammars are a promising technology for large scale procedural generation of urban structures, which are very common in video games. Buildings with curved parts, however, can currently only be approximated by static pre-modeled assets, and rules apply only to planar surface parts. We present an extension to current split grammar systems that allows the generation of curved architecture through free-form deformations that can be introduced at any level in a grammar. Further subdivision rules can then adapt to these deformations to maintain length constraints, and repetitions can adjust to more or less space.

关键词： Shape Grammar Geometry Buildings Adaptation models Games computer architecture

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Ray prioritization using stylization and visual saliency

Ray prioritization using stylization and visual saliency

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作者： Steinberger, Markus Kainz, Bernhard Hauswiesner, Stefan Khlebnikov, Rostislav Kalkofen, Denis Schmalstieg, Dieter Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria

This paper presents a new method to control scene sampling in complex ray-based rendering environments. It proposes to constrain image sampling density with a combination of object features, which are known to be well perceived by the human visual system, and image space saliency, which captures effects that are not based on the objects geometry. The presented method uses Non-Photorealistic Rendering techniques for the object space feature evaluation and combines the image space saliency calculations with image warping to infer quality hints from previously generated frames. In order to map different feature types to sampling densities, we also present an evaluation of the object space and image space features impact on the resulting image quality. In addition, we present an efficient, adaptively aligned fractal pattern that is used to reconstruct the image from sparse sampling data. Furthermore, this paper presents an algorithm which uses our method in order to guarantee a desired minimal frame rate. Our scheduling algorithm maximizes the utilization of each given time slice by rendering features in the order of visual importance values until a time constraint is reached. We demonstrate how our method can be used to boost or stabilize the rendering time in complex ray-based image generation consisting of geometric as well as volumetric data. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Volume rendering

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A SVDD Method Based on Maximum Distance between Two Centers of Spheres

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电子学报(英文版) 2012年第1期21卷 107-111页

作者： FANG Jinglong WANG Wanliang WANG Xingqi LONG Zhe LIANG Dongsheng ZHOU Qili School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310023 China Institute of Graphics and Image Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 China

On the base of the method of Support vec- tor data description (SVDD), this paper proposes a SVDD method based on maximum distance between two centers of spheres. It applies two hyperspheres to separate two kinds of training instance and maximize distance between two centers of hyperspheres at the same time. Experimen- tal results show that the method is effective, especially for unbalance problem, our method can get better results than all other methods.

关键词：最大距离球体数据描述超球面最大化不平衡时间

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Synergy-based learning of facial identity

Synergy-based learning of facial identity

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Joint 34th Symposium of the German Association for Pattern Recognition, DAGM 2012 and 36th Symposium of the Austrian Association for Pattern Recognition, OAGM 2012

作者： Köstinger, Martin Roth, Peter M. Bischof, Horst Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783642327162

In this paper we address the problem that most face recognition approaches neglect that faces share strong visual similarities, which can be exploited when learning discriminative models. Hence, we propose to model face recognition as multi-task learning problem. This enables us to exploit both, shared common information and also individual characteristics of faces. In particular, we build on Mahalanobis metric learning, which has recently shown good performance for many computer vision problems. Our main contribution is twofold. First, we extend a recent efficient metric learning algorithm to multi-task learning. The resulting algorithm supports label-incompatible learning which allows us to tap the rather large pool of anonymously labeled face pairs also for face identification. Second, we show how to learn and combine person specific metrics for face identification improving the classification power. We demonstrate the method for different face recognition tasks where we are able to match or slightly outperform state-of-the-art multi-task learning approaches. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

关键词： Face recognition

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Exploring the design of hybrid interfaces for augmented posters in public spaces 12

Exploring the design of hybrid interfaces for augmented post...

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7th Nordic Conference on Human-computer Interaction: Making Sense Through Design, NordiCHI 2012

作者： Grubert, Jens Grasset, Raphaël Reitmayr, Gerhard Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450314824

The use of Augmented Reality for overlaying visual information on print media like street posters has become widespread over the last few years. While this user interface metaphor represents an instance of cross-media information spaces the specific context of its use has not yet been carefully studied, resulting in productions generally relying on trial-and-error approaches. In this paper, we explicitly consider mobile contexts in the consumption of augmented print media. We explore the design space of hybrid user interfaces for augmented posters and describe different case studies to validate our approach. Outcomes of this work inform the design of future interfaces for publicly accessible augmented print media in mobile contexts. Copyright © 2012 ACM.

关键词： Augmented reality

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AUTOMATIC FUSION OF PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTIONS 22

AUTOMATIC FUSION OF PARTIAL RECONSTRUCTIONS

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22nd Congress of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing: Imaging a Sustainable Future, ISPRS 2012

作者： Wendel, Andreas Hoppe, Christof Bischof, Horst Leberl, Franz Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria

Novel image acquisition tools such as micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) in form of quad- or octo-rotor helicopters support the creation of 3D reconstructions with ground sampling distances below 1 cm. The limitation of aerial photogrammetry to nadir and oblique views in heights of several hundred meters is bypassed, allowing close-up photos of facades and ground features. However, the new acquisitionmodality also introduces challenges: First, flight space might be restricted in urban areas, which leads to missing views for accurate 3D reconstruction and causes fracturing of large models. This could also happen due to vegetation or simply a change of illumination during image acquisition. Second, accurate geo-referencing of reconstructions is difficult because of shadowed GPS signals in urban areas, so alignment based on GPS information is often not possible. In this paper, we address the automatic fusion of such partial reconstructions. Our approach is largely based on the work of (Wendel et al., 2011a), but does not require an overhead digital surface model for fusion. Instead, we exploit that patch-based semi-dense reconstruction of the fractured model typically results in several point clouds covering overlapping areas, even if sparse feature correspondences cannot be established. We approximate orthographic depth maps for the individual parts and iteratively align them in a global coordinate system. As a result, we are able to generate point clouds which are visually more appealing and serve as an ideal basis for further processing. Mismatches between parts of the fused models depend only on the individual point density, which allows us to achieve a fusion accuracy in the range of 1 cm on our evaluation dataset.

关键词： Aerial Close Range Fusion Reconstruction Registration Robotics Vision

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On-line inverse multiple instance boosting for classifier grids

On-line inverse multiple instance boosting for classifier gr...

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作者： Sternig, Sabine Roth, Peter M. Bischof, Horst Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria

Classifier grids have shown to be a considerable choice for object detection from static cameras. By applying a single classifier per image location the classifier's complexity can be reduced and more specific and thus more accurate classifiers can be estimated. In addition, by using an on-line learner a highly adaptive but stable detection system can be obtained. Even though long-term stability has been demonstrated such systems still suffer from short-term drifting if an object is not moving over a long period of time. The goal of this work is to overcome this problem and thus to increase the recall while preserving the accuracy. In particular, we adapt ideas from multiple instance learning (MIL) for on-line boosting. In contrast to standard MIL approaches, which assume an ambiguity on the positive samples, we apply this concept to the negative samples: inverse multiple instance learning. By introducing temporal bags consisting of background images operating on different time scales, we can ensure that each bag contains at least one sample having a negative label, providing the theoretical requirements. The experimental results demonstrate superior classification results in presence of non-moving objects. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adaptive boosting

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ScatterAlloc: Massively parallel dynamic memory allocation for the GPU

ScatterAlloc: Massively parallel dynamic memory allocation f...

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2012 Innovative Parallel Computing, InPar 2012

作者： Steinberger, Markus Kenzel, Michael Kainz, Bernhard Schmalstieg, Dieter Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781467326322

In this paper, we analyze the special requirements of a dynamic memory allocator that is designed for massively parallel architectures such as graphics Processing Units (GPUs). We show that traditional strategies, which work well on CPUs, are not well suited for the use on GPUs and present the thorough design of ScatterAlloc, which can efficiently deal with hundreds of requests in parallel. Our allocator greatly reduces collisions and congestion by scattering memory requests based on hashing. We analyze ScatterAlloc in terms of allocation speed, data access time and fragmentation, and compare it to current state-of-the-art allocators, including the one provided with the NVIDIA CUDA toolkit. Our results show, that ScatterAlloc clearly outperforms these other approaches, yielding speed-ups between 10 to 100. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： graphics processing unit

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