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7th International Conference on the Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, PATAT 2008

作者： Mayer, Alfred Nothegger, Clemens Chwatal, Andreas Raidl, Günther R. Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Spatial Data from Laser Scanning and Remote Sensing Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria

In this work we present a new approach to tackle the problem of Post Enrolment Course Timetabling as specified for the International Timetabling Competition 2007 (ITC2007), competition track 2. The heuristic procedure is based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) where artificial ants successively construct solutions based on pheromones (stig-mergy) and local information. The key feature of our algorithm is the use of two distinct but simplified pheromone matrices (representing event–timeslot and event–room relations, respectively) in order to improve convergence but still provide enough flexibility for effectively guiding the solution construction process. Furthermore a local improvement method is embedded. We applied our algorithm to instances used for the First and Second International Timetabling Competition (TTComp2002 and ITC2007). The results document that our approach is among the leading algorithms for this problem;in many cases the optimal solution could be found. © Practice and Theory of Automated Timetabling, PATAT *** right reserved.

关键词： Ant colony optimization

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Using linguistic patterns in FCA-based approach for automatic acquisition of taxonomies from Malay text

Using linguistic patterns in FCA-based approach for automati...

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International Symposium on Information technology 2008, ITSim

作者： Nazri, Mohd Zakree Ahmad Bakar, Azuraliza Abu Shamsudin, Siti Mariyam Ghani, Tarmizi Abd Center for Artificial Intelligence Technology FTSM Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia Department of Computer Graphics and Multimedia FSKSM Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai Johor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781424423286

Previous work has shown that Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) can be used to automatically acquire taxonomies from Indo-European text. The taxonomies are built via FCA using syntactic dependencies as attributes such as verb/head-object, verb/head-subject and verb/prepositional phrase-complement. This paper discusses the overall process of learning taxonomy using FCA with the same syntactic dependencies as the English language which is then applied on Malay texts. Malay, an Austronesian language follows the same Subject-Verb-Object sentence structure like English but syntactically different. The result shows a lower recall and precision compared to related work in other languages. The poor result is caused by several factors such as the selection of smoothing technique. The experimental result indicates that the current smoothing technique with FCA does not produce good results. Therefore, as an addition to the syntactic dependencies, we used linguistic pattern such as Hearst's pattern in finding similarities between terms. We compare the results of our technique against the cosine used in the FCA-based taxonomy learning approach. The proposed technique attains both higher precision and recall than the previous technique. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Formal concept analysis

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On combining classifiers for assessing portrait image compliance with ICAO/ISO standards

On combining classifiers for assessing portrait image compli...

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Special Interest Group on Biometrics and Electronic Signatures, BIOSIG 2008

作者： Storer, Markus Urschler, Martin Bischof, Horst Birchbauer, Josef A. Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 16/II 8010 Graz Austria Siemens Biometrics Center Siemens IT Solutions and Services Strassgangerstrasse 315 8054 Graz Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9783885792314

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has selected biometrics - in particular face - as the technique for travel documents to verify the association between such documents and the person in possession of them. The International Standard Organization (ISO) has defined a standard for the digital face images to be used in Machine Readable Travel Documents. Due to the ISO/IEC 19794-5 international standard, there exists a high demand for automatically checking portrait images to assist civil service employees in decision making regarding ICAO/ISO compliance. We present a face normalization and analysis system implementing several requirements of the ISO/IEC 19794-5 specification. We address the criteria eyes-open and mouthclosed and highlight the fusion of complementary classifiers to boost performance of the overall analysis system. Our results show that classifier fusion is capable of improving the classification performance considerably as compared to a single classifier decision.

关键词： Regulatory compliance

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Focus+Context visualization with distortion minimization

Focus+Context visualization with distortion minimization

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作者： Wang, Yu-Shuen Lee, Tong-Yee Tai, Chiew-Lan Computer Graphics Goup Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng-Kung University No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Road Tainan 701 Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Hong Kong Hong Kong

The need to examine and manipulate large surface models is commonly found in many science, engineering, and medical applications. On a desktop monitor, however, seeing the whole model in detail is not possible. In this paper, we present a new, interactive Focus+Context method for visualizing large surface models. Our method, based on an energy optimization model, allows the user to magnify an area of interest to see it in detail while deforming the rest of the area without perceivable distortion. The rest of the surface area is essentially shrunk to use as little of the screen space as possible in order to keep the entire model displayed on screen. We demonstrate the efficacy and robustness of our method with a variety of models. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Medical applications

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Visual equivalence: An object-based approach to image quality

Visual equivalence: An object-based approach to image qualit...

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16th Color Imaging Conference: Color Science and Engineering Systems, Technologies, and Applications

作者： Ferwerda, James A. Ramanarayanan, Ganesh Walter, Bruce Bala, Kavita Munsell Color Science Laboratory Center for Imaging Science Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY United States Department of Computer Science Cornell University Ithaca NY United States Program of Computer Graphics Cornell University Ithaca NY United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780892082810

In this paper we introduce a new approach to characterizing image quality: visual equivalence, Images are visually equivalent if they convey the same information about object appearance even if they are visibly different. In a series of psychophysical experiments we explore how object geometry, material, and illumination interact to produce images that are visually equivalent, and we identify how two kinds of transformations on illumination fields (blurring and warping) influence observers' judgments of equivalence. We use the results of the experiments to derive metrics that can serve as visual equivalence predictors (VEPs) and we generalize these metrics so they can be applied to novel objects and scenes. Finally we validate the predictors in a confirmatory study, and show that they reliably predict observer's judgments of equivalence. Visual equivalence is a significant new approach to measuring image quality that goes beyond existing visible difference metrics by leveraging the fact that some kinds of image differences do not matter to human observers. By taking advantage of higher order aspects of visual object coding, visual equivalence metrics should enable the development of powerful new classes of image capture, compression, rendering, and display algorithms.

关键词： Image quality

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Fast and exact solution of Total Variation models on the GPU

Fast and exact solution of Total Variation models on the GPU

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IEEE computer Society Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Thomas Pock Markus Unger Daniel Cremers Horst Bischof Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria Department of Computer Science University of Bonn Germany

This paper discusses fast and accurate methods to solve total variation (TV) models on the graphics processing unit (GPU). We review two prominent models incorporating TV regularization and present different algorithms to solve these models. We mainly concentrate on variational techniques, i.e. algorithms which aim at solving the Euler Lagrange equations associated with the variational model. We then show that particularly these algorithms can be effectively accelerated by implementing them on parallel architectures such as GPUs. For comparison we chose a state-of-the-art method based on discrete optimization techniques. We then present the results of a rigorous performance evaluation including 2D and 3D problems. As a main result we show that the our GPU based algorithms clearly outperform discrete optimization techniques in both speed and maximum problem size.

关键词： computer vision computer graphics TV Lagrangian functions Acceleration Optical computing Iterative algorithms Image denoising Equations Parallel architectures

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A probabilistic approach for tracking fibers

A probabilistic approach for tracking fibers

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： Michael Donoser Thomas Mauthner Horst Bischof Johannes Kritzinger Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Austria Institute for Paper Technology Graz University of Technology Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781424421749

This paper describes a combination of an automated image acquisition method and a probabilistic tracking method for analysis of the 3D microstructure of a sheet of paper. A prototype which combines microtomy and light microscopy enables efficient and fully automated digitization of paper samples in high resolution. A particle filter based tracking method then allows to segment individual fibers from the obtained 3D data sets. The capability of accessing the properties of individual fibers enables analysis of e. g. 3D fiber mass distribution, 3D fiber orientation or fiber morphology. Experiments show that the method provides results consistent with the knowledge of paper experts.

关键词： Particle filters Particle tracking Image segmentation Image analysis Microstructure Image reconstruction computer vision Paper technology Prototypes Morphology

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A Lagrangian Relax‐and‐Cut Approach for the Bounded Diameter Minimum Spanning Tree Problem

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2008年第1期1048卷 446-449页

作者： Günther R. Raidl Martin Gruber Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms Vienna University of Technology Favoritenstrasse 9‐11/186 1040 Vienna Austria

We consider the problem of finding for a given weighted graph a minimum cost spanning tree whose diameter does not exceed a specified upper bound. This problem is NP‐hard and has several applications, e.g. when designing communication networks and quality of service is of concern. We model the problem as an integer linear program (ILP) using so‐called jump inequalities. Since the number of these constraints grows exponentially with the problem size, solving this ILP directly is not feasible. Instead, we relax the jump constraints in a Lagrangian fashion and apply a cutting plane algorithm to separate violated inequalities. This relax‐and‐cut approach yields relatively tight lower bounds especially for larger problem instances on which exact techniques are not applicable. High quality feasible solutions, i.e. upper bounds, are obtained by a repair heuristic in combination with a powerful variable neighborhood descent strategy.

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Assessment of a blended product lifecycle management course utilizing online and face-to-face delivery mechanisms

Assessment of a blended product lifecycle management course ...

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2008 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Wittenborn, Daniel Richey, Michael Miller, Craig Purdue University College of Technology Purdue University Boeing Company FAA AMTAS Center of Excellent University of Washington A and A Department Aircraft Structures Composite and Manufacturing Certificate Programs Department of Computer Graphics Technology Purdue University Indiana Campus West Lafayette United States

Employees in the fields of engineering and technology must frequently receive continuing education in order to remain competitive. One solution to this problem is to provide employees with continuing education from academic experts in a distance learning format;bridging the divide between academia and industry. This paper will introduce a study that investigated the effectiveness of a new blended learning course aimed at engineers actively engaged in industry by means of a mixed research methodology. Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) techniques and theories were taught, focusing on the area of solid part modeling and surface modeling using a high-end computer-aided design (CAD) software program. The 10-week course was delivered using a blended learning format in which both distance learning (through online lectures and demonstrations) and experiential learning (through hand's on computer labs) were incorporated. All of the students were engineers or technologists at The Boeing Company, located in the greater Seattle, Washington area. This study investigates the course through different methodologies (quantitative and qualitative), reporters (students and instructors), and information (course effectiveness, satisfaction, and transportability). A pre-test/post-test design was used to test the learning outcomes on PLM theoretical knowledge and CAD skills. Quantitative survey data were also collected from students and instructors in the form of Likertscale responses. In addition to these quantitative data, qualitative data were also collected. These data were obtained through short questionnaires throughout the course as well as follow-up interviews with students two months after the conclusion of the course. These interviews helped to enrich the quantitative data by providing explanations of students' experiences in the class in more detail and investigating how well the course content relates to their career. The two-month follow-up interviews with students also prov

关键词： Students

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Performance evaluation of multibiometric face recognition systems

Performance evaluation of multibiometric face recognition sy...

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Special Interest Group on Biometrics and Electronic Signatures, BIOSIG 2008

作者： Neves, Margarida Castro Chindaro, Samuel Ng, Ming Zhou, Ziheng Deravi, Farzin Security Technology Dept. Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD Fraunhoferstr. 5 64283 Darmstadt Germany Department of Electronics University of Kent Canterbury CT2 7NT United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9783885792314

The 3D Face project investigates the use of 3D face recognition technologies, and aims to improve their performance so that it would be possible to use such technologies in unsupervised access control scenarios in airports. During this project novel sensors, 2D, 3D, skin texture matchers and fusion algorithms have been developed. A technology performance test has been performed on all algorithms, in order to evaluate the technology improvements. This paper describes the independent test and evaluation activities for this project and gives an overview of the results obtained.

关键词： Access control

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