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computer Animation

作者： A. Shahrokni L. Vacchetti V. Lepetit P. Fua Computer Graphics Laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland

In augmented reality applications, tracking and registration of both cameras and objects is required because, to combine real and rendered scenes, we must project synthetic models at the right location in real images. Although much work has been done to track objects of interest, initialization of theses trackers often remains manual. Our work aims at automating this step by integrating object recognition and tracking into an AR system. Our emphasis is on the initialization phase of the tracking. We address all the three major aspects of the problem of model-to-image registration: feature detection, correspondence and pose estimation. We have developed a novel approach based on facet detection that greatly reduces the number of possible feature correspondences making it possible to directly compute the transformation which best maps 3-D object to the image plane. We will argue that this approach offers a one-fold speed-up over existing methods. Results of our AR system which integrates initialization and tracking are shown. Our method takes about 5 seconds on our example images.

关键词： Object detection Augmented reality Face detection computer vision Application software Object recognition Geometry computer graphics Laboratories Cameras

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Novel uses of Pinch Gloves™ for virtual environment interaction techniques

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Virtual Reality 2002年第3期6卷 122-129页

作者： Bowman, D.A. Wingrave, C.A. Campbell, J.M. Ly, V.Q. Rhoton, C.J. Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech. Blacksburg VA United States College of Computing Graphics Visualization and Usability Center Georgia Institute of Technology GA United States Department of Computer Science (0106) Virginia Tech. Blacksburg VA 24061 United States

The usability of three-dimensional (3D) interaction techniques depends upon both the interface software and the physical devices used. However, little research has addressed the issue of mapping 3D input devices to interaction techniques and applications. This is especially crucial in the field of Virtual Environments (VEs), where there exists a wide range of potential 3D input devices. In this paper, we discuss the use of Pinch Gloves™ - gloves that report contact between two or more fingers - as input devices for VE systems. We begin with an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the gloves as a 3D input device. Next, we present a broad overview of three novel interaction techniques we have developed using the gloves, including a menu system, a text input technique, and a two-handed navigation technique. All three of these techniques have been evaluated for both usability and task performance. Finally, we speculate on further uses for the gloves. © Springer-Verlag London Ltd.

关键词： 3D Input Devices Interaction Techniques Pinch Gloves Usability Evaluation Virtual Environments

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Hierarchical model for real time simulation of virtual human crowds

Hierarchical model for real time simulation of virtual human...

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IEEE EMBS International Summer School on Biomedical Imaging

作者： S.R. Musse D. Thalmann Computer Graphics Laboratory EPFL Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Switzerland

This paper describes a model for simulating crowds of humans in real time. We deal with a hierarchy composed of virtual crowds, groups and individuals. The groups are the most complex structure that can be controlled in different degrees of autonomy. This autonomy refers to the extent to which the virtual agents are independent of the user intervention and also the amount of information needed to simulate crowds. Thus, depending on the complexity of the simulation, simple behaviors can be sufficient to simulate crowds. Otherwise, more complicated behavioral rules can be necessary, and in this case, it can be included in the simulation data in order to improve the realism of the animation. We present three different ways for controlling crowd behaviors: i) by using innate and scripted behaviors; ii) by defining behavioral rules, using events and reactions, and, iii) by providing an external control to guide crowd behaviors in real time. The two main contributions of our approach are: the possibility of increasing the complexity of group/agent behaviors according to the problem to be simulated, and the hierarchical structure based on groups to compose a crowd.

关键词： Humans Computational modeling Animation Application software Virtual environment computer simulation computer graphics Autonomous agents Collaboration Discrete event simulation

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Efficient compression and rendering of multi-resolution meshes 02

Efficient compression and rendering of multi-resolution mesh...

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Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '02

作者： Zachi Karni Alexander Bogomjakov Craig Gotsman Center for Graphics and Geometric Computing The Faculty of Computer Science Technion -- Israel Institute of Technology

ISBN: (纸本)9780780374980

We present a method to code the multiresolution structure of a 3D triangle mesh in a manner that allows progressive decoding and efficient rendering at a client machine. The code is based on a special ordering of the mesh vertices which has good locality and continuity properties, inducing a natural multiresolution structure. This ordering also incorporates information allowing efficient rendering of the mesh at all resolutions using the contemporary vertex buffer mechanism. The performance of our code is shown to be competitive with existing progressive mesh compression methods, while achieving superior rendering speed.

关键词： rendering wavelets geometry coding progressive compression

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Simulator sickness and presence in a high field-of-view virtual environment

Simulator sickness and presence in a high field-of-view virt...

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Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

作者： Seay, A. Fleming Krum, David M. Hodges, Larry Ribarsky, William Human Computer Interaction Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States Graphics Visualization/Usability C. Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0170 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581134541

The effect of field-of-view, display type and user role on the experience of simulator sickness and presence in users of a virtual environment was investigated. A PC based assessment instrument was created to administer the Presence, Immersive Tendencies and Simulator Sickness questionnaires. The field-of-view was found to be the major determinant of both simulator sickness and presence.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Hierarchical top down enhancement of robust PCA 9th

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Joint IAPR 9th International Workshop on Structural and Syntactic Pattern Recognition, SSPR 2002 and 4th International Workshop on Statistical Techniques in Pattern Recognition, SPR 2002

作者： Langs, Georg Bischof, Horst Kropatsch, Walter G. Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Group 183/2 Institute for Computer Aided Automation Vienna University of Technology Favoritenstr. 9 ViennaA-1040 Austria Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision TU Graz Inffeldgasse 16 2.OG GrazA-8010 Austria

ISBN: (纸本)3540440119

In this paper we deal with performance improvement of robust PCA algorithms by replacing regular subsampling of images by an irregular image pyramid adapted to the expected image content. The irregular pyramid is a structure built based on knowledge gained from the training set of images. It represents different regions of the image with different level of detail, depending on their importance for reconstruction. This strategy enables us to improve reconstruction results and therefore the recognition significantly. The training algorithm works on the data necessary to perform robust PCA and therefore requires no additional input. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Efficient compression and rendering of multi-resolution meshes

Efficient compression and rendering of multi-resolution mesh...

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IEEE Conference on Visualization

作者： Z. Karni A. Bogomjakov C. Gotsman Center for Graphics and Geometric Computing The Faculty of Computer Science Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Israel

关键词： Rendering (computer graphics) Geometry Decoding Solid modeling Multiresolution analysis computer graphics computer science Internet Web server Rough surfaces

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Visual image query 02

Visual image query

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2nd International Symposium on Smart graphics, SMARTGRAPH '02

作者： Matković, Krešimir Neumann, László Siglaer, Johannes Kompast, Martin Purgathofer, Werner VRVis Research Center Vienna Austria Maros u. 36 H-1122 Budapest Hungary Institute for Design and Assessment of Technology TU Vienna Austria Institute of Computer Graphics and Algorithms TU Vienna Austria

ISBN: (纸本)1581135556

The explosion of storage media size and bandwidth has led to huge image databases. Methods are needed to find a particular image based on a crude description by the user. Keywording is not only tedious, but also subjective and therefore often incorrect. Available visual query systems have different properties, and are mostly based on some image transformation. An alternative visual query system is introduced, which finds an image similar to a user drawn sketch, or to any other reference image. A descriptor is created for each image in the database, and for the query image. Descriptors are compared in order to find the best matches. Descriptors are computed by inserting a limited number of quasi-random rectangles in the image, and computing the average colors of the rectangles. Furthermore, a reduced color histogram is computed and stored in the descriptor. The difference between descriptors is calculated as the weighted average of CIE LUV differences between corresponding rectangles. Using the Contrast Sensitivity Function this average is adapted to the users perception. The metric used for comparing images operates in the original image space, which makes the whole algorithm intuitive and easy to understand, and enables the comparison of images sections, as well. Copyright 2002 ACM.

关键词： Color

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The Virtual Articulator - applying VR technologies to dentistry

The Virtual Articulator - applying VR technologies to dentis...

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International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV)

作者： A. Bisler U. Bockholt G. Voss Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Darmstadt Germany Centre for Advanced Media Technology (CAMTech) Singapore

The use of virtual reality (VR) techniques for computer-aided diagnosis is revolutionizing the medical routing in various medical disciplines. Especially in the field of dentistry VR in combination with CAD/CAM technologies offers a high potential for implant planning/design resulting in a higher accuracy and a shorter therapy time period. The geometry of the teeth is recognisable and digitisable using an intraoral camera, the implant models can be designed with specialized CAD systems and the final implants are generated using a CNC machine. In this context the "Virtual Articulator" (VA) completes the digital manufacturing pipeline and offers the possibility to consider patient-specific jaw biomechanics in the implant generation process. The objective of this project is the development of a system for dental occlusion diagnosis. For this important diagnosis in today's dental routine the mechanical articulator is used. The VA simulates and augments the functionalities of the mechanical articulator. Therefore it takes a digital 3-D representation of the jaws as input data, generates a simulation of the jaw movements, and delivers a dynamical visualization of the occlusion points. The high technical demands to the system are given through the high accuracy necessary for dental applications and the large models that have to be handled in the system.

关键词： Virtual reality Dentistry Implants Medical diagnostic imaging Design automation computer aided diagnosis Routing computer aided manufacturing CADCAM technology planning

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Mobile robot localization under varying illumination

Mobile robot localization under varying illumination

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作者： Jogan, Matjaž Leonardis, Aleš Wildenauer, Horst Bischof, Horst Faculty of Computer and Information Science University of Ljubljana Tržaška 25 1001 Ljubljana Slovenia Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Group Institute for Computer Aided Automation Vienna University of Technology Favoritenstrasse 9/1832 A-1040 Vienna Austria Institute for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz University of Technology Inffeldgasse 16 2. OG A-8010 Graz Austria

Methods for mobile robot localization that use eigenspaces of panoramic snapshots of the environment are in general sensitive to changes in the illumination of the environment. Therefore, we propose an approach which achieves a reliable localization under severe illumination conditions. The method uses gradient filtering of the eigenspace. After testing the approach on images obtained by a mobile robot, we show that it outperforms the standard eigenspace-based recognition method. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile robots

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