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4th Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation, WMT 2009, immediately preceding the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, EACL 2009

作者： Snover, Matthew Madnani, Nitin Dorr, Bonnie J. Schwartz, Richard Laboratory For Computational Linguistics And Information Processing Institute For Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park United States Human Language Technology Center of Excellence Bbn Technologies

Automatic Machine Translation (MT) evaluation metrics have traditionally been evaluated by the correlation of the scores they assign to MT output with human judgments of translation performance. Different types of human judgments, such as Fluency, Adequacy, and HTER, measure varying aspects of MT performance that can be captured by automatic MT metrics. We explore these differences through the use of a new tunable MT metric: TER-Plus, which extends the Translation Edit Rate evaluation metric with tunable parameters and the incorporation of morphology, synonymy and paraphrases. TER-Plus was shown to be one of the top metrics in NIST's Metrics MATR 2008 Challenge, having the highest average rank in terms of Pearson and Spearman correlation. Optimizing TER-Plus to different types of human judgments yields significantly improved correlations and meaningful changes in the weight of different types of edits, demonstrating significant differences between the types of human judgments. ©2009 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Machine translation

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Semi-supervised discriminant analysis via spectral transduction

Semi-supervised discriminant analysis via spectral transduct...

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2009 20th British Machine Vision Conference, BMVC 2009

作者： Zhai, Deming Chang, Hong Li, Bo Shan, Shiguang Chen, Xilin Gao, Wen School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Digital Media Peking University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)1901725391

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is a popular method for dimensionality reduction and classification. In real-world applications when there is no sufficient labeled data, LDA suffers from serious performance drop or even fails to work. In this paper, we propose a novel method called Spectral Transduction Semi-Supervised Discriminant Analysis (STSDA), which can alleviate such problem by utilizing both labeled and unla-beled data. Our method takes into consideration both label augmenting and local structure preserving. First, we formulate label transduction with labeled and unlabeled data as a constrained convex optimization problem and solve it efficiently with a closed-form solution by using orthogonal projector matrices. Then, unlabeled data with reliable class estimations are selected with a balanced strategy to augment the original labeled data set. At last, LDA with manifold regularization is performed. Experimental results on face recognition demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. © 2009. The copyright of this document resides with its authors.

关键词： Convex optimization

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Parallel sentences mining from the web

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Journal of Computational information Systems 2009年第6期5卷 1633-1641页

作者： Yan, Zhenxiang Feng, Yanhui Hong, Yu Yao, Jianmin Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Information Processing Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China

Parallel sentences can benefit many NLP applications (e.g., machine translation, cross language information retrieval.) In this paper, the candidate bilingual webs pages are returned by submit sentence pairs to search engine and then validated by surface patterns. We propose an algorithm to candidate bilingual resource extraction and filter useless bilingual web pages. The pair sentences included in the candidate bilingual web pages is verified by a maximum entropy classifier combining length, word-overlap, alignment and text location features. Training sets and the mining seeds are acquired automatically. Experiment shows satisfactory parallel resource mining performance. 1553-9105/ Copyright © 2009 Binary information Press.

关键词： Websites

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Improving a simple bigram HMM part-of-speech tagger by latent annotation and self-training

Improving a simple bigram HMM part-of-speech tagger by laten...

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2009 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, NAACL-HLT 2009

作者： Huang, Zhongqiang Eidelman, Vladimir Harper, Mary Laboratory for Computational Linguistics and Information Processing Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park United States Human Language Technology Center of Excellence Johns Hopkins University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781932432428

In this paper, we describe and evaluate a bigram part-of-speech (POS) tagger that uses latent annotations and then investigate using additional genre-matched unlabeled data for self-training the tagger. The use of latent annotations substantially improves the performance of a baseline HMM bigram tagger, outperforming a trigram HMM tagger with sophisticated smoothing. The performance of the latent tagger is further enhanced by self-training with a large set of unlabeled data, even in situations where standard bigram or trigram taggers do not benefit from self-training when trained on greater amounts of labeled training data. Our best model obtains a state-of-the-art Chinese tagging accuracy of 94.78% when evaluated on a representative test set of the Penn Chinese Treebank 6.0. © 2009 Association for Computational Linguistics

关键词： Computational linguistics

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A joint language model with fine-grain syntactic tags

A joint language model with fine-grain syntactic tags

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2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language processing, EMNLP 2009, Held in Conjunction with ACL-IJCNLP 2009

作者： Filimonov, Denis Harper, Mary Laboratory for Computational Linguistics and Information Processing Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park United States Human Language Technology Center of Excellence Johns Hopkins University United States

We present a scalable joint language model designed to utilize fine-grain syntactic tags. We discuss challenges such a design faces and describe our solutions that scale well to large tagsets and corpora. We advocate the use of relatively simple tags that do not require deep linguistic knowledge of the language but provide more structural information than POS tags and can be derived from automatically generated parse trees - a combination of properties that allows easy adoption of this model for new languages. We propose two fine-grain tagsets and evaluate our model using these tags, as well as POS tags and SuperARV tags in a speech recognition task and discuss future directions. © 2009 ACL and AFNLP.

关键词： Syntactics

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Self-training PCFG grammars with latent annotations across languages

Self-training PCFG grammars with latent annotations across l...

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2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language processing, EMNLP 2009, Held in Conjunction with ACL-IJCNLP 2009

作者： Huang, Zhongqiang Harper, Mary Laboratory for Computational Linguistics and Information Processing Institute for Advanced Computer Studies University of Maryland College Park United States Human Language Technology Center of Excellence Johns Hopkins University United States

We investigate the effectiveness of self-training PCFG grammars with latent annotations (PCFG-LA) for parsing languages with different amounts of labeled training data. Compared to Charniak's lexicalized parser, the PCFG-LA parser was more effectively adapted to a language for which parsing has been less well developed (i.e., Chinese) and benefited more from self-training. We show for the first time that self-training is able to significantly improve the performance of the PCFG-LA parser, a single generative parser, on both small and large amounts of labeled training data. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art parsing accuracies for a single parser on both English (91.5%) and Chinese (85.2%). © 2009 ACL and AFNLP.

关键词： Natural language processing systems

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Research on answer extraction method for domain question answering system(QA)

Research on answer extraction method for domain question ans...

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2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security, CIS 2009

作者： Mao, Cun-Li Li, Li-Na Yu, Zheng-Tao Han, Lu Guo, Jian-Yi Lei, Xiong-Li School of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650051 China Institute of Intelligent Information Processing Computer Technology Application Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province Kunming 650051 China School of Computer Science and Technology Kunming College of Metallurgy Kunming 650093 China School of Architecture and Arts Kunming College of Metallurgy Kunming 650093 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769539317

The domain knowledge has a direct impact on the result of question - answering (Q & A) in the restricted domain Question Answering System (QA). In this paper, a method of answer extraction for domain Chinese question-and-answer (Q&A) is proposed, which based on the analysis of interrogative sentence and the answer type, carrying on the text retrieval with the help of the domain knowledge and obtaining the relevant paragraphs of the question as the candidate answer. For the question of numeral or list entity type, extracted the question center related domain entity as the answers by adopting the naming entity recognition. For the definition questions, the sentences or paragraphs with higher relevance can be extracted to become the answer based on the relevance ranking between the candidate sentences or paragraphs and questions by combined the computing method of keywords weighting and the method of semantic similarity between the sentences and questions. Experimented on the answer extraction in Yunnan tourism domain, the results show that more remarkable effects have been achieved by adopting the method of answer extraction from domain Chinese question-and-answer. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Domain Knowledge

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A parallel artificial immune model for optimization

A parallel artificial immune model for optimization

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2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security, CIS 2009

作者： Qi, Yutao Liu, Fang Jiao, Licheng School of Computer Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Xidian University Xi'an China Inst. of Intelligent Information Processing and Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education Xidian University Xi'an China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769539317

This paper presents a parallel artificial immune model termed as tower master-slave model (TMSM) for solving optimising problems. Based on TMSM, the parallel immune memory clonal selection algorithm (PIMCSA) is also proposed. TMSM is a two level coarse-grained parallel artificial immune model with distributed immune response and distributed immune memory. In PIMCSA, vaccines are extracted and migrated between populations rather than individual migration as has been done in parallel genetic algorithms. It is a good balance between population diversity and the convergent speed. Experimental results on the numerical optimization and TSP problems show that PIMCSA achieves good performance in terms of both solution quality and computation time. © 2009 IEEE.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Secure and efficient VSS scheme based on partial broadcast channels

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Journal of Computational information Systems 2009年第3期5卷 1149-1155页

作者： Wang, Jialing Zhu, Yanqin Luo, Xizhao School of Computer Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Information Processing Technology Suzhou 215006 China

In the conventional verifiable secret sharing scheme, a dealer uses point-to-point secure channels to distribute the shares of a secret to a number of participants. Rei and Wang proposed a secret sharing scheme based on partial broadcast channels, which reduced the number of the channels. But it supposed that both the dealer and participants were honest. In this paper, we present a secure and efficient verifiable secret sharing (VSS) scheme based on partial broadcast channels, which solves the problem in Rei and Wang's scheme. Through the analysis of the scheme, we get that it is secure and efficient, and has the advantage of the number of channels and the total communications needed compared with the conventional verifiable secret sharing scheme. 1553-9105/ Copyright © 2009 Binary information Press.

关键词： Codes (symbols)

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A real-time scheduling algorithm for industrial communication

A real-time scheduling algorithm for industrial communicatio...

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IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems (ICIS)

作者： Ming Tan Zhen Wei School of Computer and Information Key Laboratory of Network and Intelligent Information Processing Hefei University of Technology Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424447374;9781424447541

To overcome the drawback that switched Ethernet does not guarantee the timely delivery of real-time messages in industrial communication, an improved FTT (flexible time-triggered communication) paradigm was proposed for hard real-time communications of periodic messages on switched Ethernet. In addition, an optimization condition for feasibility check of periodic messages was given. Particularly, we proposed an EDF-based algorithm to schedule periodic messages to be transmitted within their deadlines over COTS switched Ethernet running in the cut-through mode. Simulation results showed the advantages of the proposed real-time scheduling algorithm in terms of using the aggregated switch throughput.

关键词： Scheduling algorithm Communication industry Ethernet networks Communication switching Job shop scheduling Switches Protocols Processor scheduling Throughput Traffic control

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