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The superalignment of superhuman intelligence with large language models

science China(Information sciences) 2025年第6期68卷 101-111页

作者： Minlie HUANG Yingkang WANG Shiyao CUI Pei KE Jie TANG The CoAI Group Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Laboratory of Intelligent Collaborative Computing University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Knowledge Engineering Group Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University

We have witnessed the emergence of superhuman intelligence thanks to the fast development of large language models(LLMs) and multimodal language models. As the application of such superhuman models becomes increasingly popular, a critical question arises: how can we ensure they still remain safe, reliable, and aligned well with human values encompassing moral values, Schwartz's Values, ethics, and many more? In this position paper, we discuss the concept of superalignment from a learning perspective to answer this question by outlining the learning paradigm shift from large-scale pretraining and supervised fine-tuning, to alignment training. We define superalignment as designing effective and efficient alignment algorithms to learn from noisy-labeled data(point-wise samples or pair-wise preference data) in a scalable way when the task is very complex for human experts to annotate and when the model is stronger than human experts. We highlight some key research problems in superalignment, namely, weak-to-strong generalization, scalable oversight, and evaluation. We then present a conceptual framework for superalignment, which comprises three modules: an attacker which generates the adversary queries trying to expose the weaknesses of a learner model, a learner which refines itself by learning from scalable feedbacks generated by a critic model with minimal human experts, and a critic which generates critics or explanations for a given query-response pair, with a target of improving the learner by criticizing. We discuss some important research problems in each component of this framework and highlight some interesting research ideas that are closely related to our proposed framework, for instance, self-alignment, self-play, self-refinement, and more. Last, we highlight some future research directions for superalignment, including the identification of new emergent risks and multi-dimensional alignment.

关键词： superalignment superhuman intelligence large language models scalable feedback weak-to-strong generalization

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CCM-FL:Covert communication mechanisms for federated learning in crowd sensing IoT

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 597-608页

作者： Hongruo Zhang Yifei Zou Haofei Yin Dongxiao Yu Xiuzhen Cheng Institute of Intelligent Computing School of Computer Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China

The past decades have witnessed a wide application of federated learning in crowd sensing,to handle the numerous data collected by the sensors and provide the users with precise and customized ***,how to protect the private information of users in federated learning has become an important research *** with the differential privacy(DP)technique and secure multiparty computation(SMC)strategy,the covert communication mechanism in federated learning is more efficient and energy-saving in training the ma-chine learning *** this paper,we study the covert communication problem for federated learning in crowd sensing Internet-of-Things *** from the previous works about covert communication in federated learning,most of which are considered in a centralized framework and experimental-based,we firstly proposes a centralized covert communication mechanism for federated learning among n learning agents,the time complexity of which is O(log n),approximating to the optimal ***,for the federated learning without parameter server,which is a harder case,we show that solving such a problem is NP-hard and prove the existence of a distributed covert communication mechanism with O(log logΔlog n)times,approximating to the optimal solution.Δis the maximum distance between any pair of learning *** analysis and nu-merical simulations are presented to show the performance of our covert communication *** hope that our covert communication work can shed some light on how to protect the privacy of federated learning in crowd sensing from the view of communications.

关键词： Covert communications Federated learning Crowd sensing SINR model

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Double quantum images encryption scheme based on chaotic system

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 305-320页

作者：蒋社想李杨石锦张茹 School of Computer Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China Anhui Key Laboratory of Mine Intelligent Equipment and Technology Anhui University of Science&TechnologyHuainan 232001China

This paper explores a double quantum images representation(DNEQR)model that allows for simultaneous storage of two digital images in a quantum superposition ***,a new type of two-dimensional hyperchaotic system based on sine and logistic maps is investigated,offering a wider parameter space and better chaotic behavior compared to the sine and logistic *** on the DNEQR model and the hyperchaotic system,a double quantum images encryption algorithm is ***,two classical plaintext images are transformed into quantum states using the DNEQR ***,the proposed hyperchaotic system is employed to iteratively generate pseudo-random *** chaotic sequences are utilized to perform pixel value and position operations on the quantum image,resulting in changes to both pixel values and ***,the ciphertext image can be obtained by qubit-level diffusion using two XOR operations between the position-permutated image and the pseudo-random *** corresponding quantum circuits are also *** results demonstrate that the proposed scheme ensures the security of the images during transmission,improves the encryption efficiency,and enhances anti-interference and anti-attack capabilities.

关键词： double quantum images encryption chaotic system pixel scrambling XOR operation

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Predicting circRNA-Disease Associations by Using Multi-Biomolecular Networks Based on Variational Graph Auto-Encoder with Attention Mechanism

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第6期33卷 1526-1537页

作者： Jing YANG Xiujuan LEI Yi PAN School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bioinformatics Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology

CircRNA-disease association(CDA) can provide a new direction for the treatment of diseases. However,traditional biological experiment is time-consuming and expensive, this urges us to propose the reliable computational model to predict the associations between circRNAs and diseases. And there is existing more and more evidence indicates that the combination of multi-biomolecular information can improve the prediction accuracy. We propose a novel computational model for CDA prediction named MBCDA, we collect the multi-biomolecular information including circRNA, disease, miRNA and lncRNA based on 6 databases, and construct three heterogeneous network among them, then the multi-heads graph attention networks are applied to these three networks to extract the features of circRNAs and diseases from different views, the obtained features are put into variational graph auto-encoder(VGAE) network to learn the latent distributions of the nodes, a fully connected neural network is adopted to further process the output of VGAE and uses sigmoid function to obtain the predicted probabilities of circRNA-disease *** a result, MBCDA achieved the values of AUC and AUPR under 5-fold cross-validation of 0.893 and 0.887. MBCDA was applied to the analysis of the top-25 predicted associations between circRNAs and diseases, these experimental results show that our proposed MBCDA is a powerful computational model for CDA prediction.

关键词： Knowledge engineering Attention mechanisms Computational modeling Biological system modeling Predictive models Feature extraction Heterogeneous networks Topology Data mining Diseases

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A survey of acoustic eavesdropping attacks:Principle,methods,and progress

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High-Confidence Computing 2024年第4期4卷 116-128页

作者： Yiwei Chen Wenhao Li Xiuzhen Cheng Pengfei Hu Institute of Intelligent Computing the School of Computer Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China

In today’s information age,eavesdropping has been one of the most serious privacy threats in information security,such as exodus spyware(Rudie et al.,2021)and pegasus spyware(Anatolyevich,2020).And the main one of them is acoustic *** eavesdropping(George and Sagayarajan,2023)is a technology that uses microphones,sensors,or other devices to collect and process sound signals and convert them into readable *** much research has been done in this area,there is still a lack of comprehensive investigation into the timeliness of this technology,given the continuous advancement of technology and the rapid development of eavesdropping *** this article,we have given a selective overview of acoustic eavesdropping,focusing on the methods of acoustic *** specifically,we divide acoustic eavesdropping into three categories:motion sensor-based acoustic eavesdropping,optical sensor-based acoustic eavesdropping,and RFbased acoustic *** these three representative frameworks,we review the results of acoustic eavesdropping according to the type of equipment they use and the physical principles of ***,we also introduce several important but challenging applications of these acoustic eavesdropping *** addition,we compared the systems that meet the requirements of acoustic eavesdropping in real-world scenarios from multiple perspectives,including whether they are nonintrusive,whether they can achieve unconstrained word eavesdropping,and whether they use machine learning,*** general template of our article is as follows:firstly,we systematically review and classify the existing eavesdropping technologies,elaborate on their working mechanisms,and give corresponding ***,these eavesdropping methods were compared and analyzed,and each method’s effectiveness and technical difficulty were evaluated from multiple *** addition to an assessment of the current state of the field,we dis

关键词： Acoustic eavesdropping Attack scenarios and threat models Acoustic side-channel attacks

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Image Enhancement via Associated Perturbation Removal and Texture Reconstruction Learning

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第11期11卷 2253-2269页

作者： Kui Jiang Ruoxi Wang Yi Xiao Junjun Jiang Xin Xu Tao Lu IEEE the School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute Harbin Institute of Technology the School of Artificial Intelligence Jianghan University the School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University the Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System Wuhan University of Science and Technology the School of Computer Science and Engineering and also with the Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robot Wuhan Institute of Technology

Degradation under challenging conditions such as rain, haze, and low light not only diminishes content visibility, but also results in additional degradation side effects, including detail occlusion and color distortion. However, current technologies have barely explored the correlation between perturbation removal and background restoration, consequently struggling to generate high-naturalness content in challenging scenarios. In this paper, we rethink the image enhancement task from the perspective of joint optimization: Perturbation removal and texture reconstruction. To this end, we advise an efficient yet effective image enhancement model, termed the perturbation-guided texture reconstruction network(PerTeRNet). It contains two subnetworks designed for the perturbation elimination and texture reconstruction tasks, respectively. To facilitate texture recovery,we develop a novel perturbation-guided texture enhancement module(PerTEM) to connect these two tasks, where informative background features are extracted from the input with the guidance of predicted perturbation priors. To alleviate the learning burden and computational cost, we suggest performing perturbation removal in a sub-space and exploiting super-resolution to infer high-frequency background details. Our PerTeRNet has demonstrated significant superiority over typical methods in both quantitative and qualitative measures, as evidenced by extensive experimental results on popular image enhancement and joint detection tasks. The source code is available at https://***/kuijiang94/PerTeRNet.

关键词： Association learning attention mechanism image enhancement perturbation modeling

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COMPrompter: reconceptualized segment anything model with multiprompt network for camouflaged object detection

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 189-203页

作者： Xiaoqin ZHANG Zhenni YU Li ZHAO Deng-Ping FAN Guobao XIAO Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Informatics for Safety and Emergency Wenzhou University Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (SHENZHEN FUTIAN) College of Computer Science Nankai University School of Computer Science and Technology Tongji University

We rethink the segment anything model(SAM) and propose a novel multiprompt network called COMPrompter for camouflaged object detection(COD). SAM has zero-shot generalization ability beyond other models and can provide an ideal framework for COD. Our network aims to enhance the single prompt strategy in SAM to a multiprompt strategy. To achieve this, we propose an edge gradient extraction module, which generates a mask containing gradient information regarding the boundaries of camouflaged objects. This gradient mask is then used as a novel boundary prompt, enhancing the segmentation process. Thereafter, we design a box-boundary mutual guidance module, which fosters more precise and comprehensive feature extraction via mutual guidance between a boundary prompt and a box prompt. This collaboration enhances the model's ability to accurately detect camouflaged objects. Moreover, we employ the discrete wavelet transform to extract high-frequency features from image embeddings. The high-frequency features serve as a supplementary component to the multiprompt ***, our COMPrompter guides the network to achieve enhanced segmentation results, thereby advancing the development of SAM in terms of COD. Experimental results across COD benchmarks demonstrate that COMPrompter achieves a cutting-edge performance, surpassing the current leading model by an average positive metric of 2.2% in COD10K. In the specific application of COD, the experimental results in polyp segmentation show that our model is superior to top-tier methods as well. The code will be made available at https://***/guobaoxiao/COMPrompter.

关键词： segment anything model camouflaged object detection boundary prompt

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Overlapping community‐based particle swarm optimization algorithm for influence maximization in social networks

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence technology 2023年第3期8卷 893-913页

作者： Lei Zhang Yutong Liu Haipeng Yang Fan Cheng Qi Liu Xingyi Zhang Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of EducationSchool of Computer Science and TechnologyAnhui UniversityHefeiChina School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina

Influence maximization,whose aim is to maximise the expected number of influenced nodes by selecting a seed set of k influential nodes from a social network,has many applications such as goods advertising and rumour *** the existing influence maximization methods,the community‐based ones can achieve a good balance between effectiveness and ***,this kind of algorithm usually utilise the network community structures by viewing each node as a non‐overlapping *** fact,many nodes in social networks are overlapping ones,which play more important role in influence *** this end,an overlapping community‐based particle swarm opti-mization algorithm named OCPSO for influence maximization in social networks,which can make full use of overlapping nodes,non‐overlapping nodes,and their interactive information is ***,an overlapping community detection algorithm is used to obtain the information of overlapping community structures,based on which three novel evolutionary strategies,such as initialisation,mutation,and local search are designed in OCPSO for better finding influential *** results in terms of influence spread and running time on nine real‐world social networks demonstrate that the proposed OCPSO is competitive and promising comparing to several state‐of‐the‐arts(***,CMA‐IM,CIM,CDH‐SHRINK,CNCG,and CFIN).

关键词： computational intelligence data mining social network

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Energy-Efficient Dynamic Configurable Datapath Architecture for IoT Devices

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2024年第3期9卷 251-261页

作者： Ruizhe Zhang Junhui Liu Han Wang Li Lu Laboratory of Intelligent Collaborative Computing University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China

This paper introduces a novel RISC-V processor architecture designed for ultra-low-power and energy-efficient applications,particularly for Internet of things(IoT)*** architecture enables runtime dynamic reconfiguration of the datapath,allowing efficient balancing between computational performance and power *** is achieved through interchangeable components and clock gating mechanisms,which help the processor adapt to varying workloads.A prototype of the architecture was implemented on a Xilinx Artix 7 field programmable gate array(FPGA).Experimental results show significant improvements in power efficiency and *** mini configuration achieves an impressive reduction in power consumption,using only 36%of the baseline ***,the full configuration boosts performance by 8%over the *** flexible and adaptable nature of this architecture makes it highly suitable for a wide range of low-power IoT applications,providing an effective solution to meet the growing demands for energy efficiency in modern IoT devices.

关键词： dynamic reconfiguration Internet of things(IoT) power efficiency RISC-V

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Data-driven output regulation control for constrained linear systems

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第3期68卷 338-353页

作者： Chaoyu XIA Yi DONG Chaoli WANG Shengyuan XU Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Tongji University College of Electronic and Information Engineering Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous SystemsTongji University Department of Control Science and Engineering School of Optical-Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and Technology Department of Automation Nanjing University of Science and Technology

This study introduces a data-driven approach for state and output feedback control addressing the constrained output regulation problem in unknown linear discrete-time systems. Our method ensures effective tracking performance while satisfying the state and input constraints, even when system matrices are not available. We first establish a sufficient condition necessary for the existence of a solution pair to the regulator equation and propose a data-based approach to obtain the feedforward and feedback control gains for state feedback control using linear programming. Furthermore, we design a refined Luenberger observer to accurately estimate the system state, while keeping the estimation error within a predefined set. By combining output regulation theory, we develop an output feedback control strategy. The stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously proved to be asymptotically stable by further leveraging the concept of λ-contractive sets.

关键词： output regulation constrained system data-driven.

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