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Reliable Task Offloading for 6G-Based IoT Applications

computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2255-2274页

作者： Usman Mahmood Malik Muhammad Awais Javed Ahmad Naseem Alvi Mohammed Alkhathami Department of Computer Software Engineering National University of Science and Technology(NUST)Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad45550Pakistan Information Systems Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia

Fog computing is a key enabling technology of 6G systems as it provides quick and reliable computing,and data storage services which are required for several 6G *** Intelligence(AI)algorithms will be an integral part of 6G systems and efficient task offloading techniques using fog computing will improve their performance and *** this paper,the focus is on the scenario of Partial Offloading of a Task to Multiple Helpers(POMH)in which larger tasks are divided into smaller subtasks and processed in parallel,hence expediting task ***,using POMH presents challenges such as breaking tasks into subtasks and scaling these subtasks based on many interdependent factors to ensure that all subtasks of a task finish simultaneously,preventing resource ***,applying matching theory to POMH scenarios results in dynamic preference profiles of helping devices due to changing subtask sizes,resulting in a difficult-to-solve,externalities *** paper introduces a novel many-to-one matching-based algorithm,designed to address the externalities problem and optimize resource allocation within POMH ***,we propose a new time-efficient preference profiling technique that further enhances time optimization in POMH *** performance of the proposed technique is thoroughly evaluated in comparison to alternate baseline schemes,revealing many advantages of the proposed *** simulation findings indisputably show that the proposed matching-based offloading technique outperforms existing methodologies in the literature,yielding a remarkable 52 reduction in task latency,particularly under high workloads.

关键词： 6G IoT task offloading fog computing

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OptiMobileX: Optimizing Deep Transfer Learning Model for Accurate Human Posture Recognition Using a Deep Feature Fusion Technique

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第6期25卷 9759-9766页

作者： Ogundokun, Roseline Oluwaseun Damasevicius, Robertas Maskeliunas, Rytis Kaunas University of Technology Department of Software Engineering Kaunas44249 Lithuania Kaunas University of Technology Centre of Real Time Computer Systems Kaunas44249 Lithuania

Human posture recognition (HPR) has garnered growing interest given the possibility of its use in various applications, including healthcare and sports fitness. Interestingly, achieving accurate pose recognition on mobile devices with very little computing power is still tricky. The precise identification of human posture on mobile devices with constrained computational resources is of utmost importance to bring about significant advancements in healthcare, fitness, and technology engagement. By facilitating real-time monitoring and providing personalized solutions, this technology improves accessibility and well-being, revolutionizing our interaction with digital applications. In this work, we used the deep feature concatenation (DFC) mechanism to combine features extracted from input images using two modern pretrained DTL models, MobileNetV2 and Xception, which led to our proposed OptiMobileX: A deep transfer learning (DTL) model based on a DFC of the MobileNetV2 and Xception models for the overall improvement of the identification capability of this posture. The classification accuracy of 96.42% is achieved by the OptiMobileX model, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed model over MobileNetV2, Xception, AlexNet, and InceptionV3, which only manage to obtain 88.17%, 92.47%, 90.32%, and 73.48% accuracy, respectively. The OptiMobileX model exhibits notable capabilities but faces significant limitations. Inadequate details on detecting inappropriate postures and a lack of information on required computing resources hinder the study's comprehensiveness and practical implementation. The absence of insufficient discussion on dataset biases and a lack of information on the model's generalization capacity create obstacles, raising concerns about its fairness, applicability, and real-world utility. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Author profiling from Romanized Urdu text using transfer learning models

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4455-4470页

作者： Ali, Abid khan, Muhammad Sohail Khan, Muhammad Amin Khan, Sajid Ullah Khan, Faheem Department of Computer Software Engineering University of Engineering & Technology Mardan KPK Mardan23200 Pakistan Islamabad H-11/4 Islamabad44000 Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer Engineering and Sciences Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering Gachon University Seongnam-Si Korea Republic of

This research concentrates on author profiling using transfer learning models for classifying age and gender. The investigation encompassed a diverse set of transfer learning techniques, including Roberta, BERT, ALBERT, Distil BERT, Distil Roberta, ELECTRA, and XLNet. Through meticulous evaluation using metrics such as the Matthews Correlation Coefficient, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1 Score, the study examined the efficacy of these models. The curated dataset was divided for gender and age tasks, resulting in robust gender prediction with the XLNet model and age prediction with the BERT model. Notably, the XLNet model achieved the highest MCC (0.7946), Accuracy (0.8957), Precision (0.8992), Recall (0.8957), and F1 Score (0.8958) values in gender classification, while the BERT model excelled in age prediction with an MCC of (0.7338), Accuracy of (0.8220), Precision of (0.8324), Recall of (0.8220), and F1 Score of (0.8243). Visualized outcomes provide valuable insights into the model’s performance nuances, paving the way for their practical implementation. This research offers novel contributions to author profiling tasks, bridging the gap between theory and real-world applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Scene and Aerial Image Classification Based on Advanced Deep Learning Technique 8th

Scene and Aerial Image Classification Based on Advanced Deep...

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8th World Conference on Smart Trends in systems Security and Sustainability, WorldS4 2024

作者： Mehmood, Maryam Hussain, Farhan Ijaz, Asad Department of Computer and Software Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad44000 Pakistan Department of Software Engineering National University of Modern Languages Islamabad Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Mirpur University of Science and Technology MUST AJK Mirpur Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819786947

Classifying scenes and aerial imagery is a critical component in applications such as land-use analysis, land cover mapping, and remote sensing technologies. Numerous existing models leverage Convolutional Neural Networks for classification, but they often involve intricate designs with a vast number of parameters, necessitating extensive computational power and prolonged training periods. This paper introduces a refined strategy employing a pre-trained EfficientNet B0 framework. Modification of parameters and layers through careful fine-tuning has resulted in notable enhancements in the model's classification precision. The superiority of EfficientNet B0 over comparative CNN architectures was confirmed by testing with three disparate datasets, particularly within the sphere of remote sensing imagery. The EfficientNet B0's superior performance is credited to its optimal structure that strikes a balance between model complexity and efficiency. Effective fine-tuning coupled with judicious computational resource allocation yields substantial accuracy in categorization. Moreover, its adaptability to assimilate remote sensing data exemplifies its widespread applicability. This study accentuates the significance of refining prevailing deep learning models to cater to specified objectives. Tailoring pre-trained models such as EfficientNet B0 enables marked advancements in classification precision, circumventing the necessity for intricate systems or significant computational demands. This methodology is promising for elevating both the proficiency and impact of scene and aerial image classification across a range of fields, with particular implications for remote sensing endeavors. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Resource allocation

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EEMLCR: Energy-Efficient Machine Learning-Based Clustering and Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 70849-70871页

作者： Akram, Muhammad Ullah Bazai, Sibghat Imran Ghafoor, Muhammad Akram, Saira Ilyas, Qazi Mudassar Mehmood, Abid Iqbal, Sajid Asim Rafique, Muhammad Department of Software Engineering Quetta87300 Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering Quetta87300 Pakistan Pakistan Television Corporation Department of Engineering Lahore44000 Pakistan King Faisal University College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology Department of Information Systems Al Hofuf31982 Saudi Arabia King Faisal University College of Business Administration Department of Management Information Systems Al Hofuf31982 Saudi Arabia

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) offer a powerful technology for sensing and transmitting data across vast geographical regions. However, limitations inherent to WSNs, such as low-power sensor units, communication constraints, and limited processing capabilities, can significantly impact their lifespan. To address these limitations and enhance the energy efficiency of WSNs, it is often necessary to divide sensors into clusters and establish routing to conserve energy. Machine learning algorithms can potentially automate these processes, minimizing energy consumption and extending network lifetime. This research investigates the application of machine learning algorithms, specifically Q-learning and K-means clustering, to propose the Energy-Efficient Machine Learning-based Clustering and Routing (EEMLCR) method for WSNs. This method facilitates cluster formation and routing path selection. The proposed method is compared with the well-established LEACH algorithm and two multi-hop variants, DMHT LEACH and EDMHT LEACH to validate its effectiveness. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of EEMLCR compared to LEACH and its multi-hop variants (DMHT LEACH and EDMHT LEACH). After 600 rounds in networks comprising 400 nodes, EEMLCR showed significant improvements in key performance metrics. These include increased alive nodes, reduced average energy consumption, higher remaining energy levels, and improved packet reception. Additionally, we compared EEMLCR with recent state-of-the-art algorithms such as EECDA and CMML, where our method demonstrated comparable or superior performance in terms of network lifetime and energy efficiency. By optimizing clustering and routing strategies, WSNs can reduce energy consumption, leading to more efficient utilization of the limited energy resources available to sensor nodes. The primary objective of this research is to contribute to the development of energy-efficient WSNs by leveraging machine learning algorithms for dat

关键词： Sensor nodes

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Message Control for Blockchain Rewriting

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年第3期22卷 1864-1876页

作者： Li, Yingjiu Sengupta, Binanda Tian, Yangguang Yuan, Jiaming Yuen, Tsz Hon School of Computer and Information Science University of Oregon EugeneOR United States School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Surrey Guilford Surrey United Kingdom Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur India Department of Software Systems and Cybersecurity Monash University MelbourneVIC Australia

Blockchain rewriting is necessary for modifying illegal or messages included in blockchain transactions, while maintaining the consistency of subsequent blocks in the blockchain. However, arbitrary blockchain rewriting is not desirable as it defeats the purpose of blockchain rewriting. In this work, we propose a new security primitive named message-controlled chameleon hash (MCH) and apply it for message control in blockchain rewriting to ensure that no unspecified messages are generated from blockchain rewriting. The proposed MCH enables permitted parties to select candidate messages from designated message sets for blockchain rewriting at the message level. Our evaluation shows that the proposed MCH can be easily integrated into both permissioned and permissionless blockchains. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Smart contract

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Parkinson’s Disease Detection from Resting State EEG Using Multi-head Graph Structure Learning with Gradient Weighted Graph Attention Explanations 7th

Parkinson’s Disease Detection from Resting State EEG Using...

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7th International Workshop on Machine Learning in Clinical Neuroimaging, MLCN 2024, Held in Conjunction with 27th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2024

作者： Neves, Christopher Zeng, Yong Xiao, Yiming Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Concordia University MontrealQC Canada Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering Concordia University MontrealQC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9783031787607

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that has severe impacts on an individual’s quality of life. Compared with structural and functional MRI-based biomarkers for the disease, electroencephalography (EEG) can provide more accessible alternatives for clinical insights. While deep learning (DL) techniques have provided excellent outcomes, many techniques fail to model spatial information and dynamic brain connectivity, and face challenges in robust feature learning, limited data sizes, and poor explainability. To address these issues, we proposed a novel graph neural network (GNN) technique for explainable PD detection using resting state EEG. Specifically, we employ structured global convolutions with contrastive learning to better model complex features with limited data, a novel multi-head graph structure learner to capture the non-Euclidean structure of EEG data, and a head-wise gradient-weighted graph attention explainer to offer neural connectivity insights. We developed and evaluated our method using the UC San Diego Parkinson’s disease EEG dataset, and achieved 69.40% detection accuracy in subject-wise leave-one-out cross-validation while generating intuitive explanations for the learnt graph topology. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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A Comparison of Deep Learning and Machine Learning Methods for Water Quality Prediction 3

A Comparison of Deep Learning and Machine Learning Methods f...

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3rd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things, IDCIoT 2025

作者： Srinivasa Gupta, N. Valarmathi, B. Hiwanj, Ishaan Department of Manufacturing Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India Department of Software and Systems Engineering School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India Department of Information Technology School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527549

Predicting water quality is essential to preserving human health and environmental sustainability. Traditional water quality assessment methods often face scalability and real-time monitoring limitations. With accuracies of 62%, 72%, 83%, 69%, 63%, 66%, 71%, 63%, and 64%, respectively, the current techniques utilized were Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest Regressor, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Naive Bayes, K-nearest neighbors, Support Vector Machine, AdaBoost, and Bagging [9]. This study addresses these challenges by leveraging Adaptive Synthetic Sampling (ADASYN) to balance the dataset and evaluating model performance on datasets of 5,000 and 10,000 entries per class. A robust dataset obtained from Kaggle was used, with five models – Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Random Forest – evaluated and compared. The proposed methods demonstrate significant improvements in accuracy, with XGBoost achieving the highest accuracy of 95.53%, followed by Random Forest at 93.98%. This work underscores the importance of advanced machine learning techniques in addressing the limitations of traditional methods, enhancing accuracy, scalability, and adaptability in water quality prediction. These findings contribute to advancing environmental monitoring and management practices with reliable, data-driven insights. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Structure learning of Bayesian networks using sparrow optimization algorithm

International Journal of Systematic Innovation

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International Journal of Systematic Innovation 2025年第2期9卷 14-25页

作者： Kareem, Shahab Wahhab Awla, Hoshang Qasim Mohammed, Amin Salih Department of Technical Information Systems Engineering Erbil Technical Engineering College Erbil Polytechnic University Erbil Iraq Department of Computer Technical Engineering Al-Qalam University College Kirkuk Iraq Department of Computer Science Faculty of Science Soran University Soran Iraq Department of Software and Informatics Salahaddin University Erbil Iraq

Bayesian networks are powerful analytical models in machine learning, used to represent probabilistic relationships among variables and create learning structures. These networks are made up of parameters that show conditional probabilities and a structure that shows how random variables interact with each other. The structure is shown by a directed acyclic graph. Despite the NP-hard nature of learning Bayesian network structures, there has been significant progress in improving the accuracy of approximation solutions. The main focus is on score-based search strategies, which make use of functions to evaluate network models and identify structures with high scores. This study is significantly focused on structure learning Bayesian networks using the Bayesian Dirichlet equivalent uniform scoring function and metaheuristic search strategies. To this end, this paper presents the sparrow optimization algorithm (SOA), a new metaheuristic algorithm derived from the foraging behavior of sparrows. SOA performs a concurrent optimization in the solution space by simultaneously performing a local and global search that leads to the discovery of near-optimal structures. The results from our experiments on several benchmark datasets show that SOA yields overall better performance than SA and greedy search algorithms. In particular, it is claimed that by applying the proposed approach of SOA, the convergence speed is significantly higher compared with the existing ones;F1 score is 0.35 and 0.05 for the Hamming distance with better results. Given these results, signed operators prove to be very efficient in SOA’s Bayesian network structure learning as a concept, especially for real-world use. © (2024), (Society of Sytematic Innovation). All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Bayesian Network Global and Local Search Search and Score Sparrow Search Optimization Algorithm Structure Learning

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Estimation of orange tree production by regression from video segments under uncontrolled conditions

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第5期37卷 3703-3717页

作者： Mollineda, Ramón A. Sandoval, Javier Rodríguez, Christian D. Heredia, José A. Institute of New Imaging Technologies Universitat Jaume I Castelló de la Plana Spain Department of Computer Languages and Systems Universitat Jaume I Castelló de la Plana Spain Ambimetrics S.L. Castelló de la Plana Spain Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design Castelló de la Plana Spain

Precision agriculture covers a wide range of information and communications technologies aimed at supporting current challenges in crop estimation, productivity increase, and food security. In particular, crop yield estimation can provide very valuable information on crop distribution, with the aim of optimising logistics and harvest timing. This paper focuses on deep learning-based regression solutions for estimating the number of visible oranges on trees, from real-world crop row videos captured by a camera placed on a farm vehicle. Count predictions based on individual frames were compared with those based on variable size sequences of frames centred on each tree (video segments). The performance of three deep neural networks designed for regression was evaluated in terms of the regression error and the uncertainty of the estimates, and differences were analysed using nonparametric hypothesis testing. Experiments were conducted on a new dataset composed of annotated video segments of orange tree rows acquired under uncontrolled conditions, which has been made publicly available. Results statistically prove the value of considering multiple frames and the feasibility of yield estimation by regression in the wild. These findings are expected to contribute to optimising decision-making in crop resource management. Unlike most efforts so far, which involve counting fruits by detection in tree images usually captured manually, this work explores counting fruits by regression on trees from real-world video data. © The Author(s) 2024.

关键词： Citrus fruits

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