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Spatial Computing: Concept, Applications, Challenges and Future Directions

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yenduri, Gokul Ramalingam, M. Maddikunta, Praveen Kumar Reddy Gadekallu, Thippa Reddy Jhaveri, Rutvij H. Bandi, Ajay Chen, Junxin Wang, Wei Shirawalmath, Adarsh Arunkumar Ravishankar, Raghav Wang, Weizheng School of Computer Science and Engineering VIT-AP University Andhra Pradesh Amaravati522237 India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology TamilNadu 632014 India Zhongda Group Haiyan County Zhejiang Province Jiaxing City314312 China College of Information Science and Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing314001 China Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University Phagwara India Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Technology Pandit Deendayal Energy University Gandhinagar India School of Computer Science and Information Systems Northwest Missouri State University 800 University Dr MaryvilleMO64468 United States School of Software Dalian University of Technology Dalian116621 China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Emotional Intelligence and Pervasive Computing Artificial Intelligence Research Institute Shenzhen MSU-BIT University Guangdong Shenzhen518172 China School of Medical Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology TamilNadu 632014 India Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Spatial computing is a technological advancement that facilitates the seamless integration of devices into the physical environment, resulting in a more natural and intuitive digital world user experience. Spatial computing has the potential to become a significant advancement in the field of computing. From GPS and location-based services to healthcare, spatial computing technologies have influenced and improved our interactions with the digital world. The use of spatial computing in creating interactive digital environments has become increasingly popular and effective. This is explained by its increasing significance among researchers and industrial organisations, which motivated us to conduct this review. This review provides a detailed overview of spatial computing, including its enabling technologies and its impact on various applications. Projects related to spatial computing are also discussed. In this review, we also explored the potential challenges and limitations of spatial computing. Furthermore, we discuss potential solutions and future directions. Overall, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of spatial computing, its enabling technologies, their impact on various applications, emerging challenges, and potential solutions. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Augmented reality

Empirical Comparison between Cross-Validation and Mutation-Validation in Model Selection

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Yu, Jinyang Hamdan, Sami Sasse, Leonard Morrison, Abigail Patil, Kaustubh R. Research Center Jülich Germany Institute of Systems Neuroscience Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Germany Research Center Jülich Germany Department of Computer Science 3 - Software Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Max Planck School of Cognition Stephanstrasse 1a Leipzig Germany

Mutation validation (MV) is a recently proposed approach for model selection, garnering significant interest due to its unique characteristics and potential benefits compared to the widely used cross-validation (CV) method. In this study, we empirically compared MV and k-fold CV using benchmark and real-world datasets. By employing Bayesian tests, we compared generalization estimates yielding three posterior probabilities: practical equivalence, CV superiority, and MV superiority. We also evaluated the differences in the capacity of the selected models and computational efficiency. We found that both MV and CV select models with practically equivalent generalization performance across various machine learning algorithms and the majority of benchmark datasets. MV exhibited advantages in terms of selecting simpler models and lower computational costs. However, in some cases MV selected overly simplistic models leading to underfitting and showed instability in hyperparameter selection. These limitations of MV became more evident in the evaluation of a real-world neuroscientific task of predicting sex at birth using brain functional connectivity. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational efficiency

Automated identification of security discussions in microservices systems: Industrial surveys and experiments

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Rezaei-Nasab, Ali Shahin, Mojtaba Liang, Peng Basiri, Mohammad Ehsan Raviz, Seyed Ali Hoseyni Khalajzadeh, Hourieh Waseem, Muhammad Naseri, Amineh School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Department of Software Systems and Cybersecurity Faculty of IT Monash University Melbourne3800 Australia Department of Computer Engineering Shahrekord University Shahrekord64165478 Iran Department of Computer Engineering Sirjan University of Technology Sirjan*** Iran

Lack of awareness and knowledge of microservices-specific security challenges and solutions often leads to ill-informed security decisions in microservices system development. We claim that identifying and leveraging security discussions scattered in existing microservices systems can partially close this gap. We define security discussion as "a paragraph from developer discussions that includes design decisions, challenges, or solutions relating to security". We first surveyed 67 practitioners and found that securing microservices systems is a unique challenge and that having access to security discussions is useful for making security decisions. The survey also confirms the usefulness of potential tools that can automatically identify such security discussions. We developed fifteen machine/deep learning models to automatically identify security discussions. We applied these models on a manually constructed dataset consisting of 4,813 security discussions and 12,464 non-security discussions. We found that all the models can effectively identify security discussions: an average precision of 84.86%, recall of 72.80%, F1-score of 77.89%, AUC of 83.75% and G-mean 82.77%. DeepM1, a deep learning model, performs the best, achieving above 84% in all metrics and significantly outperforms three baselines. Finally, the practitioners' feedback collected from a validation survey reveals that security discussions identified by DeepM1 have promising applications in practice. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surveys

Phraseformer: Multimodal key-phrase extraction using transformer and graph embedding

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Nikzad–Khasmakhi, Narjes Feizi-Derakhshia, Mohammad-Reza Asgari-Chenaghlu, Meysam Ali-Balafar, Mohammad Feizi-Derakhshi, Ali-Reza Rahkar-Farshi, Taymaz Ramezani, Majid Jahanbakhsh-Nagadeh, Zoleikha Zafarani-Moattar, Elnaz Ranjbar-Khadivi, Mehrdad Computerized Intelligence Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran Department of Computer Engineering University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran Department of Software Engineering Ayvansaray University Istanbul Turkey Department of Computer Engineering Naghadeh Branch Islamic Azad University Naghadeh Iran Department of Computer Engineering Tabriz Branch Islamic Azad University Tabriz Iran Department of Computer Engineering Shabestar Branch Islamic Azad University Shabestar Iran

Background Keyword extraction is a popular research topic in the field of natural language processing. Keywords are terms that describe the most relevant information in a document. The main problem that researchers are facing is how to efficiently and accurately extract the core keywords from a document. However, previous keyword extraction approaches have utilized the text and graph features, there is the lack of models that can properly learn and combine these features in a best way. Methods In this paper, we develop a multimodal Key-phrase extraction approach, namely Phraseformer, using transformer and graph embedding techniques. In Phraseformer, each keyword candidate is presented by a vector which is the concatenation of the text and structure learning representations. Phraseformer takes the advantages of recent researches such as BERT and ExEm to preserve both representations. Also, the Phraseformer treats the key-phrase extraction task as a sequence labeling problem solved using classification task. Results We analyze the performance of Phraseformer on three datasets including Inspec, SemEval2010 and SemEval 2017 by F1-score. Also, we investigate the performance of different classifiers on Phraseformer method over Inspec dataset. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of Phraseformer method over the three datasets used. Additionally, the Random Forest classifier gain the highest F1-score among all classifiers. Conclusions Due to the fact that the combination of BERT and ExEm is more meaningful and can better represent the semantic of words. Hence, Phraseformer significantly outperforms single-modality methods. © 2021, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Decision trees

software Project Management Effectiveness Evaluation Tool 20

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Software Project Management Effectiveness Evaluation Tool

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on software and Information engineering

作者： Mohamed Ellithey Barghoth Akram Salah Manal A Ismail Master in Software Engineering Program Egyptian E-Learning University Giza Egypt Cairo University Giza Egypt Department of Computer Engineering and Systems Helwan University Helwan Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9781450377218

Project management is important for the success of a software project. Enhancing software project management effectiveness measurements should lead the project manager to advance practices that contribute to the successful development of software projects. This study aims to enhance project management effectiveness measurements in the direction of increase the likelihood of software project success. An enhanced evaluation model of software project management effectiveness has been proposed in this study. Correspondingly, the model fed into a developed software project management effectiveness evaluation tool. This measurement tool helps software development managers to evaluate, monitor and improve project management effectiveness in software projects. The developed software project management effectiveness evaluation tool has been validated by a feedback survey. Feedback survey participants have been demonstrated the importance of the developed project management effectiveness measurement tool.

关键词： software project management model Measurements of software project management effectiveness software project management effectiveness software project success

Feature Aggregating Network with Inter-Frame Interaction for Efficient Video Super-Resolution

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Feature Aggregating Network with Inter-Frame Interaction for...

IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM)

作者： Yawei Li Zhao Zhang Suiyi Zhao Jicong Fan Haijun Zhang Mingliang Xu School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data (Ministry of Education) & Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province Hefei University of Technology Hefei China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Software Engineering Kunming China Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen China School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China Department of Computer Science Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China

Video super-resolution (VSR) on mobile devices aims to restore high-resolution frames from their low-resolution counterparts, satisfying the requirements of performance, FLOPs and latency. On one hand, partial feature processing, as a classic and acknowledged strategy, is developed in current studies to reach an appropriate trade-off between FLOPs and accuracy. However, the splitting of partial feature processing strategy are usually performed in a blind manner, thereby reducing the computational efficiency and performance gains. On the other hand, current methods for mobile platforms primarily treat VSR as an extension of single-image super-resolution to reduce model calculation and inference latency. However, lacking inter-frame information interaction in current methods results in a suboptimal latency and accuracy trade-off. To this end, we propose a novel architecture, termed Feature Aggregating Network with Inter-frame Interaction (FANI), a lightweight yet considering frame-wise correlation VSR network, which could achieve real-time inference while maintaining superior performance. Our FANI accepts adjacent multi-frame low-resolution images as input and generally consists of several fully-connection-embedded modules, i.e., Multi-stage Partial Feature Distillation (MPFD) for capturing multi-level feature representations. Moreover, considering the importance of inter-frame alignment, we further employ a tiny Attention-based Frame Alignment (AFA) module to promote inter-frame information flow and aggregation efficiently. Extensive experiments on the well-known dataset and real-world mobile device demonstrate the superiority of our proposed FANI, which means that our FANI could be well adapted to mobile devices and produce visually pleasing results.

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Surround-View Fisheye Optics in computer Vision and Simulation: Survey and Challenges

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Jakab, Daniel Deegan, Brian Michael Sharma, Sushil Grua, Eoin Martino Horgan, Jonathan Ward, Enda Van De Ven, Pepijn Scanlan, Anthony Eising, Ciarán The Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Limerick LimerickV94 T9PX Ireland The Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Galway GalwayH91 HX31 Ireland The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Software University of Limerick LimerickV94 T9PX Ireland Valeo Vision Systems Dunmore Rd. Co. Galway TuamH54 Y276 Ireland

In this paper, we provide a survey on automotive surround-view fisheye optics, with an emphasis on the impact of optical artifacts on computer vision tasks in autonomous driving and ADAS. The automotive industry has advanced in applying state-of-the-art computer vision to enhance road safety and provide automated driving functionality. When using camera systems on vehicles, there is a particular need for a wide field of view to capture the entire vehicle's surroundings, in areas such as low-speed maneuvering, automated parking, and cocoon sensing. However, one crucial challenge in surround-view cameras is the strong optical aberrations of the fisheye camera, which is an area that has received little attention in the literature. Additionally, a comprehensive dataset is needed for testing safety-critical scenarios in vehicle automation. The industry has turned to simulation as a cost-effective strategy for creating synthetic datasets with surround-view camera imagery. We examine different simulation methods (such as model-driven and data-driven simulations) and discuss the simulators' ability (or lack thereof) to model real-world optical performance. Overall, this paper highlights the optical aberrations in automotive fisheye datasets, and the limitations of optical reality in simulated fisheye datasets, with a focus on computer vision in surround-view optical systems. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Cameras

Empirical Analysis on Productivity Prediction and Locality for Use Case Points Method

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Azzeh, Mohammad Nassif, Ali Bou Martín, Cuauhtémoc López Department of Software Engineering Applied Science Private University Jordan Department of Computer Engineering University of Sharjah UAE United Arab Emirates Department of Information Systems Universidad de Guadalajara ZapopanJalisco Mexico

Use Case Points (UCP) method has been around for over two decades. Although, there was a substantial criticism concerning the algebraic construction and factors assessment of UCP, it remains an efficient early size estimation method. Predicting software effort from UCP is still an ever-present challenge. The earlier version of UCP method suggested using productivity as a cost driver, where fixed or a few pre-defined productivity ratios have been widely agreed. While this approach was successful when no enough historical data is available, it is no longer acceptable because software projects are different in terms of development aspects. Therefore, it is better to understand the relationship between productivity and other UCP variables. This paper examines the impact of data locality approaches on productivity and effort prediction from multiple UCP variables. The environmental factors are used as partitioning factors to produce local homogeneous data either based on their influential levels or using clustering algorithms. Different machine learning methods, including solo and ensemble methods, are used to construct productivity and effort prediction models based on the local data. The results demonstrate that the prediction models that are created based on local data surpass models that use entire data. Also, the results show that conforming the hypothetical assumption between productivity and environmental factors is not necessarily a requirement for success of locality. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Productivity

Pl-Densenet: Enhancing Disease Classification in Pear Leaves Using Deep Learning

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SSRN

SSRN 2023年

作者： Gulzar, Yonis Ünal, Zeynep Ayoub, Shahnawaz Wani, Sharyar Mir, Mohammad Shuaib Soomro, Arjumand Bano Department of Management Information Systems College of Business Administration King Faisal University Al-Ahsa31982 Saudi Arabia Department of Biosystem Engineering Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Central Campus Türkiye Niğde51240 Turkey Mirzapur Pole U.P. Saharanpur247121 India Department of Computer Science Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology International Islamic University Malaysia Kuala Lumpur53100 Malaysia Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology University of Sindh Sindh Pakistan

Over the past two decades, climate changes have negatively impacted agriculture. It hasn’t left any stage of production unaffected. These noticeable changes have left formers no choice but to adopt new technological measures to tackle such changes. Deep learning has played a great role in improving decision-making in agriculture. This research introduces a novel deep learning model, PL-DenseNet, designed to accurately identify various disease types present in pear leaves. The PL-DenseNet model is an adaptation of the original DenseNet architecture, incorporating significant modifications to enhance its disease classification capabilities. The modifications involve replacing the classification layer of the DenseNet with three additional layers: Global Average Pooling 2D, Batch Normalization, and Dropout layers. Moreover, the final layer of the PL-DenseNet model comprises four nodes dedicated to classifying pear leaf diseases. The integration of these modifications aims to improve disease identification accuracy and enhance overall classification performance within the context of pear leaf diseases. The PL-DenseNet model also incorporated transfer learning and data augmentation to increase the variety and quantity of training data. The model's performance was evaluated on the DiaMOS Plant dataset, which comprises four different pear leaf diseases under real field conditions with varying brightness, disease similarity, complex background, and multiple leaves. Experimental evaluation reveals that the proposed PL-DenseNet model achieves notable advancements compared to the baseline model. It demonstrates higher accuracy (99.18%), precision (98.83), recall (99.06), and F1-score (93.58). Additionally, the proposed model surpasses other state-of-the-art models, including EfficientNetB0, InceptionV2, MobileNetV2, ResNet50, and VGG16, underscoring its superior performance in disease classification. Moreover, this research demonstrates how transfer learning and data augmentati

关键词： Image classification