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simulation Winter Conference

作者： J. Tolujev P. Lorenz D. Beier T.J. Schriber Faculty of Automation and Computing Techniques Dept of Modeling and Simulation Riga Technical University Riga Latvia Faculty of Computer Science Institute for Simulation and Graphics University of Magdeburg Magdeburg Germany Michigan Business School Computer and Information Systems University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Many important characteristics of simulation models, including queuing models, can be investigated by the use of metamodels. Problems in qualitative analysis such as analyzing model dynamics and coming to a careful understanding of model behavior can be dealt with this way. Metamodels can provide precise results even for quantitative analysis tasks, such as those involving the movement of dynamic model elements. This paper describes the use of a type of metamodeling to support the assessment of simulation models based on the analysis of trace files produced at the time of model execution. Because of the simple structure of these trace files, a simulation model can create them easily. The analysis and interpretation of trace files that is described here is independent of the simulation language used to create the original model. The tools presented in this article can be used for these purposes: to construct generic model structures at the metamodel level and then animate aspects of model behavior in terms of these structures; to build a graphic display indicating which dynamic model elements moved at which times between which points in the model, and in which real-time order in cases of time ties; to determine when (and if) user-specified model conditions come about; and to develop statistical information that might not have been planned for in the design of the original model. Future plans call for making these tools available in a World Wide Web environment to support assessment of simulation models.

关键词： Analytical models Metamodeling Computational modeling computer simulation Automation computer science Information systems computer graphics Animation Displays

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Assessment of simulation models based on trace-file analysis: a metamodeling approach 98

Assessment of simulation models based on trace-file analysis...

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Proceedings of the 30th conference on Winter simulation

作者： Juri Tolujev Peter Lorenz Daniel Beier Thomas J. Schriber Faculty of Automation and Computing Techniques Dept of Modeling and Simulation Riga Technical University LV-1658 Riga LATVIA Faculty of Computer Science Institute for Simulation and Graphics University of Magdeburg D-39106 Magdeburg GERMANY Michigan Business School Computer and Information Systems The University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI

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Simulated casualties and medics for emergency training

Simulated casualties and medics for emergency training

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作者： Chi, Diane M. Kokkevis, Evangelos Ogunyemi, Omolola Bindiganavale, Rama Hollick, Michael J. Clarke, John R. Webber, Bonnie L. Badler, Norman I. Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania 200 S. 33rd Street Philadelphia PA 19104-6389 United States

The MediSim system extends virtual environment technology to allow medical personnel to interact with and train on simulated casualties. The casualty model employs a three-dimensional animated human body that displays appropriate physical and behavioral responses to injury and/or treatment. Medical corpsmen behaviors were developed to allow the actions of simulated medical personnel to conform to both military practice and medical protocols during patient assessment and stabilization. A trainee may initiate medic actions through a mouse and menu interface;a VR interface has also been created by Stansfield's research group at Sandia National Labs. © 1997 The authors.

关键词： Virtual reality

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A hybrid web-based toolkit for human modeling

A hybrid web-based toolkit for human modeling

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1997 Scientific Visualization Conference, dagstuhl 1997

作者： Bender, M. Klein, R. Ebert, A. Rodrian, H. Computer Graphics Group Department of Computer Science University of Kaiserslautern Germany Intelligent Visualization and Simulation Systems German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence GmbH Germany Human Modeling Department TECMATH GmbH and Co. KG Kaiserslautern Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769505031

Modern web-based Scientific Visualization applications try to overcome common limitations imposed by limited internet bandwidth, server bottlenecks or network latency. A further aspect is the desire to gain platform independence by solely using instruments which are platform independent by conception: the programming language Java, the Virtual Reality modeling Language (VRML), or the 3D API *** present a prototype of a hybrid web-based Scientific Visualization system which makes use of the increasing computational power of modern desktop workstations and personal computers on the client side, and the superior performance provided by a powerful machine on the server side. In order to achieve high interaction rates and to balance computational load the user can dynamically assign selected tasks to his client or to the *** the scientific field of human modeling we have implemented a hybrid web-based toolkit for the modeling of human muscles and skin. Our application allows the on-line generation and manipulation of three-dimensional implicit muscle models in a heterogeneous network and it offers various parameters to adjust computation and response time versus rendering quality. © 1997 IEEE computer Society.

关键词： Heterogeneous networks

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Real-time virtual humans

Real-time virtual humans

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Pacific Conference on computer Graphics and Applications

作者： N.I. Badler Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

The last few years have seen great maturation in the computation speed and control methods needed to portray 3D virtual humans that are suitable for real interactive applications. We first describe the state of the art, then focus on the particular approach taken at the University of Pennsylvania with the Jack system. Various aspects of real-time virtual humans are considered, such as their appearance and motion, interactive control, autonomous actions, gestures, attention, locomotion and multiple individuals. The underlying architecture consists of a sense-control-act structure that permits reactive behaviors to be locally adaptive to the environment, and a PaT-Net (parallel transition network) parallel-finite-state machine controller that can be used to drive virtual humans through complex tasks. We then argue for a deep connection between language and animation and describe current efforts in linking them through two systems: the Jack Presenter and the JackMOO extension to lambdaMOO. Finally, we outline a parameterized action representation for mediating between language instructions and animated actions.

关键词： Humans Biological system modeling Computational modeling Application software Lifting equipment Animation Embedded computing Avatars Shape computer simulation

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A Hybrid Web-Based Toolkit for Human modeling

A Hybrid Web-Based Toolkit for Human Modeling

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IEEE Scientific Visualization Conference (SciVis)

作者： M. Bender R. Klein A. Ebert H. Rodrian Computer Graphics Group Department of Computer Science University of Kaiserslautern Germany Human Modeling Department TECMATH GmbH and Company KG Kaiserslautern Germany Intelligent Visualization and Simulation Systems German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Germany

关键词： Humans Visualization Delay Java Muscles IP networks Bandwidth Network servers Web server Performance gain

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Design decision support system for the engineering/re-engineering of complex naval systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第4期109卷 23-33页

作者： Graham, JH Ragade, RK Shea, J James H. Graham:is the Henry Vogt Professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Louisville. Previous professional employment includes positions at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and General Motors Corporation. He received his master's and doctoral degrees at Purdue University and his bachelor's degree at Rose-Hulman Institute of Ethnology. His research interests include artificial intelligence robotics and paraliel computing. Rammohan K. Ragade:is professor of engineering mathematics and computer science at the University of Louisville. He received his Ph.D. from the Indian Institute of Technology at Kampur in 1968. He has been a faculty member at the University of Waterloo and held an engineering position with Bell Northern Research. His research interests include human-computer interaction decision support systems object-oriented simulation and modeling distributed database systems and fuzzy logic. John G. Shea Jr.:served until 1995 as a project manager in the Phalanx Engineering Section of Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division Louisville Station. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees from the Speed Scientific School at the University of Louisville. He was a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers.

Hybrid simulation includes both functional computer software models and actual hardware subsystems operating as an integrated whole. A ''hot test bed'' or a ''hybrid simulator-emulator'' enables design engineers to evaluate conceptual models in a more realistic real-lime context, but places increased cognitive demands on the designer. This paper describes an architecture, and results from a prototype implementation, for a design decision support system to allow a designer to make more productive and cost effective use of a test bed system.

关键词： Decision support systems

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Linking anatomy and physiology in modeling respiratory mechanics

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Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 1996年 29卷 580-589页

作者： Kaye, J. Metaxas, D. Badler, N. Clarke, J. Webber, B. Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104-6389 United States

We present an integrated 3D virtual environment for the quantitative modeling of the anatomy and the physiology of the pulmonary system. Our approach formally integrates 3D deformable object modeling with conventional models of respiratory mechanics. We demonstrate quantitatively, aspects of the behavior of the respiratory system qualitatively known to clinicians, such as normal quiet breathing and an open sucking chest wound. Our methodology is general and can be used to model both the anatomy and the physiology at many levels of detail. Another important aspect of our approach is that based on our previously developed computer vision techniques we can make such a simulation patient specific. The usefuleness of such a system is manifold. Medical education, surgical planning, disease diagnosis are some of the many areas such a system can be applied. © The authors 1996.

关键词： Medical education

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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Situation assessment through collaborative human-computer interaction

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第4期108卷 41-51页

作者： Kushnier, SD Heithecker, CH Ballas, JA McFarlane, DC Scott Kushnier:is an engineer at the Naval Air Warfare Center in Warminster Pennsylvania where he has worked for the past seven years. He earned an M.S. degree in Computer Science from the University of Delaware in 1994. Scott has worked on projects in automated classification plan recognition interface design and modeling & simulation to support various aspects of the Naval Air Warfare mission. He is interested in humun-computer interaction artificial intelligence natural language pvocessing modeling & simulation and open systems architectures. Jim Ballas:is a scientist at the Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence at the Naval Research Lab. He has a Ph.D. in Applied Experimental Psychology has been active in seueral areas of human-computer systems design and integration and has forty-two publications and technical reports. Prior to his position at NRL. he held faculty appointments at Georgetown and George Mason University. He is a member of the Acoustical Society of America the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society and Sigma Xi. He served in U.S. Army Intelligence and was awarded the Bronze Star for service in Vietnam.

Data fusion has been characterized as taking place at four levels oi abstraction: the unit level, the situation level, the threat level, and the resource allocation level. A unit level characterization tries to pin down the attributes of individual platform objects, At the situation level, organized groups of units, such as battle groups, are explored. At the threat level and resource allocation level, reasoning about possible enemy intentions and possible responses is undertaken. Little work, however has been done concerning some of the higher levels of abstraction, namely the force and threat levels. This paper presents an approach toward situation assessment which includes explicit conceptualizations of forces and threats. Graphical representations of these forces and threats are designed to enhance the unit level depiction without obscuring it. This paper explores a novel style of user interface-one designed to allow collaboration between the person and the machine, enabling a tactical assessment which is superior to one in which either the person or the machine works in isolation. The paper will then describe a natural division of responsibilities between person and machine and illustrate the benefit of such a collaborative system in light of an example based on a warfare scenario.

关键词： Human computer interaction

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