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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kojaku, Sadamori Hébert-Dufresne, Laurent Mones, Enys Lehmann, Sune Ahn, Yong-Yeol Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research Luddy School of Informatics Computing and Engineering Indiana University BloomingtonIN47408 United States Vermont Complex Systems Center University of Vermont BurlingtonVT05405 United States Department of Computer Science University of Vermont BurlingtonVT05405 United States DTU Compute Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark Center for Social Data Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen K1353 Denmark Indiana University Network Science Institute Indiana University BloomingtonIN47408 United States

Discovering and isolating infected individuals is a cornerstone of epidemic control1-7. Because many infectious diseases spread through close contacts, contact tracing is a key tool for case discovery and control8-15. However, although contact tracing has been performed widely, the mathematical understanding of contact tracing has not been fully established and it has not been clearly understood what determines the efficacy of contact tracing. Here, we reveal that, compared with "forward" tracing-tracing to whom disease spreads, "backward" tracing-tracing from whom disease spreads-is profoundly more effective. The effectiveness of backward tracing is due to simple but overlooked biases arising from the heterogeneity in contacts. Using simulations on both synthetic and high-resolution empirical contact datasets, we show that even at a small probability of detecting infected individuals, strategically executed contact tracing can prevent a significant fraction of further transmissions. We also show that-in terms of the number of prevented transmissions per isolation-case isolation combined with a small amount of contact tracing is more efficient than case isolation alone. By demonstrating that backward contact tracing is highly effective at discovering super-spreading events, we argue that the potential effectiveness of contact tracing has been underestimated. Therefore, there is a critical need for revisiting current contact tracing strategies so that they leverage all forms of biases. Our results also have important consequences for digital contact tracing because it will be crucial to incorporate the capability for backward and deep tracing while adhering to the privacy-preserving requirements of these new platforms. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Author Correction: Segment Anything for Microscopy

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Nature methods 2025年 2025 Jun 10页

作者： Anwai Archit Luca Freckmann Sushmita Nair Nabeel Khalid Paul Hilt Vikas Rajashekar Marei Freitag Carolin Teuber Melanie Spitzner Constanza Tapia Contreras Genevieve Buckley Sebastian von Haaren Sagnik Gupta Marian Grade Matthias Wirth Günter Schneider Andreas Dengel Sheraz Ahmed Constantin Pape Georg-August-University Göttingen Institute of Computer Science Goettingen Germany. German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence Kaiserslautern Germany. RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau Kaiserslautern Germany. Department of General Visceral and Pediatric Surgery University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany. Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia. Georg-August-University Göttingen Campus Institute Data Science Goettingen Germany. CCC-N (Comprehensive Cancer Center Lower Saxony) Göttingen Germany. Department of Hematology Oncology and Cancer Immunology (Campus Benjamin Franklin) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Heidelberg Germany. Max Delbrück Center Berlin Germany. Clinical Research Unit 5002 KFO5002 University Medical Center Göttingen Germany. Georg-August-University Göttingen Institute of Computer Science Goettingen Germany. constantin.pape@informatik.uni-goettingen.de. Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC) Georg-August-University Göttingen Göttingen Germany. constantin.pape@informatik.uni-goettingen.de.

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A practical guide to machine learning interatomic potentials – Status and future

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Jacobs, Ryan Morgan, Dane Attarian, Siamak Meng, Jun Shen, Chen Wu, Zhenghao Xie, Clare Yijia Yang, Julia H. Artrith, Nongnuch Blaiszik, Ben Ceder, Gerbrand Choudhary, Kamal Csanyi, Gabor Cubuk, Ekin Dogus Deng, Bowen Drautz, Ralf Fu, Xiang Godwin, Jonathan Honavar, Vasant Isayev, Olexandr Johansson, Anders Kozinsky, Boris Martiniani, Stefano Ong, Shyue Ping Poltavsky, Igor Schmidt, K.J. Takamoto, So Thompson, Aidan Westermayr, Julia Wood, Brandon M. Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI55705 United States Harvard University Center for the Environment Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States Materials Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Utrecht3584 CG Netherlands Globus University of Chicago ChicagoIL United States Data Science and Learning Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory CA94720 United States Material Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States Department of Engineering University of Cambridge CambridgeCB2 1PZ United Kingdom Google DeepMind Mountain ViewCA United States Ruhr-Universität Bochum Bochum44780 Germany Meta United States Orbital Materials London United Kingdom Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA United States College of Information Sciences and Technology The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA United States Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA United States Center for Artificial Intelligence Foundations and Scientific Applications The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA United States Department of Chemistry Mellon College of Science Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Computational Biology Department School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213 United States Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University New YorkNY10003 United States Center for Soft Matter Research Department of P

The rapid development and large body of literature on machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) can make it difficult to know how to proceed for researchers who are not experts but wish to use these tools. The spirit of this review is to help such researchers by serving as a practical, accessible guide to the state-of-the-art in MLIPs. This review paper covers a broad range of topics related to MLIPs, including (i) central aspects of how and why MLIPs are enablers of many exciting advancements in molecular modeling, (ii) the main underpinnings of different types of MLIPs, including their basic structure and formalism, (iii) the potentially transformative impact of universal MLIPs for both organic and inorganic systems, including an overview of the most recent advances, capabilities, downsides, and potential applications of this nascent class of MLIPs, (iv) a practical guide for estimating and understanding the execution speed of MLIPs, including guidance for users based on hardware availability, type of MLIP used, and prospective simulation size and time, (v) a manual for what MLIP a user should choose for a given application by considering hardware resources, speed requirements, energy and force accuracy requirements, as well as guidance for choosing pre-trained potentials or fitting a new potential from scratch, (vi) discussion around MLIP infrastructure, including sources of training data, pre-trained potentials, and hardware resources for training, (vii) summary of some key limitations of present MLIPs and current approaches to mitigate such limitations, including methods of including long-range interactions, handling magnetic systems, and treatment of excited states, and finally (viii) we finish with some more speculative thoughts on what the future holds for the development and application of MLIPs over the next 3-10+ years. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Digital storage

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Non-Orthogonal Superimposed Pilot for Goodput Enhancement in Digital Semantic Communication

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IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking 2025年

作者： Zou, Jian Xiao, Jian Shen, Han Xie, Wenwu Meng, Fanyang Yang, Liang Liang, Yongsheng Shenzhen University College of Applied Technology Shenzhen518060 China Central China Normal University College of Physical Science and Technology Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Wuhan430079 China Harbin Institute of Technology School of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen518055 China Pengcheng Laboratory Research Center of Networks and Communications Shenzhen518060 China Hunan Institute of Science and Technology School of Information Science and Engineering Yueyang414006 China Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Changsha410082 China Jishou University School of Communication and Electronic Engineering Jishou416000 China Shenzhen Technology University College of Big Data and Internet Shenzhen518118 China Shenzhen University College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen518060 China

A novel digital semantic communication (D-SemCom) framework is proposed to enhance the adaptability and goodput of multi-user-multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems by integrating the non-orthogonal superposition pilot (NOSIP) scheme. However, this introduces challenges, such as inter-user interference, which limit the performance of traditional signal processing methods. To address these challenges, we propose SANet, which realizes the nonlinear mapping of received signals to log-likelihood ratios. SANet leverages a common subspace and a multi-head self-attention mechanism to effectively suppress interference and optimize signal decoding performance. Additionally, SANet addresses the coupling between the semantic encoder-decoder and the channel environment, reducing the dependency on channel variations and enabling the system to adapt more flexibly to different channel and data scenarios. We also introduce an adaptive data augmentation strategy that dynamically adjusts the data representation based on channel conditions, further enhancing the reliability and performance of D-SemCom. Numerical results show that: 1) SANet improves the goodput of D-SemCom by 7.01% compared to traditional approaches;2) the goodput of D-SemCom is improved by 37.15% with the NOSIP scheme compared to the orthogonal pilot scheme;and 3) the effectiveness of the adaptive data augmentation strategy in enhancing D-SemCom performance is validated. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency division multiplexing

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Multiple residual dense networks for reconfigurable intelligent surfaces cascaded channel estimation

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Jin, Yu Zhang, Jiayi Huang, Chongwen Yang, Liang Xiao, Huahua Ai, Bo Wang, Zhiqin The School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China The Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-speed Railway System Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Information Processing Communication and Networking Zhejiang University Hangzhou310007 China College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University Changsha410082 China ZTE Corporation State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network Mobile Multimedia Technology Shenzhen518057 China State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Data Analysis Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China Research Center of Networks and Communications Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055 China China Academy of Information and Communications Technology Beijing100191 China

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) constitutes an essential and promising paradigm that relies programmable wireless environment and provides capability for space-intensive communications, due to the use of low-cost massive reflecting elements over the entire surfaces of man-made structures. However, accurate channel estimation is a fundamental technical prerequisite to achieve the huge performance gains from RIS. By leveraging the low rank structure of RIS channels, three practical residual neural networks, named convolutional blind denoising network, convolutional denoising generative adversarial networks and multiple residual dense network, are proposed to obtain accurate channel state information, which can reflect the impact of different methods on the estimation performance. Simulation results reveal the evolution direction of these three methods and reveal their superior performance compared with existing benchmark schemes. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel estimation

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On information-theoretic characterizations of markov random fields and subfields

On information-theoretic characterizations of markov random ...

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作者： Yeung, Raymond W. Al-Bashabsheh, Ali Chen, Chao Chen, Qi Moulin, Pierre Institute of Network Coding Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Information Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Big Data and Brain Computing Center Beihang University Beijing100191 China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xidian University Xi'an710071 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois UrbanaIL61801 United States Coordinated Science Laboratory University of Illinois UrbanaIL61801 United States

Let Xi, i ϵ V form a Markov random field (MRF) represented by an undirected graph G = (V,E) , and V′ be a subset of V. We determine the smallest graph that can always represent the subfield Xi, i ϵ V′ as an MRF. Based on this result, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for a subfield of a Markov tree to be also a Markov tree. When G is a path so that Xi, i ϵ V form a Markov chain, it is known that the I -Measure is always nonnegative (Kawabata and Yeung in 1992). We prove that Markov chain is essentially the only MRF such that the I -Measure is always nonnegative. By applying our characterization of the smallest graph representation of a subfield of an MRF, we develop a recursive approach for constructing information diagrams for MRFs. Our work is built on the set-theoretic characterization of an MRF (Yeung et al. in 2002). © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Markov processes

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An optimized Doppler-based LTE measurement procedure for A4 handover triggering event in high speed train networks 8

An optimized Doppler-based LTE measurement procedure for A4 ...

引用

8th International Conference on Information Technology, ICIT 2017

作者： Ibrahim, Ehab Ahmed Badran, Ehab F. Computer Networks and Data Center Arab Academy for Science and Technology Alexandria Egypt Colleage of Engineering Arab Academy for Science and Technology Alexandria Egypt

ISBN: (纸本)9781509063321

Wireless Communication network is essential for railway sector as it improves the railway services as well as provides safety and reliability for its operation. Global System for Mobile Communications Railways (GSM-R) is widely used in railway systems. It is believed to have availability and reliability because of its commercial success. At the same time, GSM-R has a lot of shortcomings especially in high speed transmission. Therefore, the Long Term Evolution for Railway (LTE-R) is considered as the natural evolution for current (GSM-R) system. Very high speed trains suffer from many handovers between cells. One of the main targets of LTE-R is to provide fast and lossless handover between different cells. As a result, handover triggering decision is very critical in the design process of handover. Too late handover triggering is considered as one of the major problems that cause radio link failure. It occurs when the train is moving faster than the handover parameter settings. In this paper, an optimized Doppler-Based measurement handover procedure for High Speed Trains (HST) is proposed. The goal of this procedure is to accelerate the measurement procedure (shorten measurement time Tmeas) when the train is moving toward a target cell with a higher speed than designed. Hence, the probability of too late handover triggering will be reduced causing a subsequent reduction in radio link failure probability. © 2017 IEEE.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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A Trend Forecast of Import and Export Trade Total Volume based on LSTM

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019年第1期646卷

作者： Qinglin Qu Zhao Li Juanjuan Tang Shiwei Wu Ruishuang Wang Shandong Business Information Center Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center of E-Government Shandong

The monthly import and export data are usually with the challenging characteristics including large scale, nonlinear and hard to fit, leading to their development trends can be hardly predicted. To tackle this problem, we propose to leverage the LSTM-based recurrent neural network to forecast the development trend in this paper. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach based on the monthly import and export data of Shandong Province from January 2001 to June 2018. In particular, we achieve the MSE score of 124.39, which outperforms the traditional time series model less than 12.2%.

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Preface

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 2020年 603卷 v-vi页

作者： Alfred, Rayner Haviluddin, Haviluddin Lim, Yuto On, Chin Kim Knowledge Technology Research Unit Faculty of Computing and Informatics Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota KinabaluSabah Malaysia Department of Computer Science Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda Indonesia School of Information Science Security and Networks Area Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Nomi Ishikawa Japan Center of Data and Information Management Universiti Malaysia Sabah Kota KinabaluSabah Malaysia

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Patterns of somatic structural variation in human cancer genomes (vol 578, pg 112, 2020)

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NATURE 2023年第7948期614卷 E38-E38页

作者： Li, Yilong Roberts, Nicola D. Wala, Jeremiah A. Shapira, Ofer Schumacher, Steven E. Kumar, Kiran Khurana, Ekta Waszak, Sebastian Korbel, Jan O. Haber, James E. Imielinski, Marcin Weischenfeldt, Joachim Beroukhim, Rameen Campbell, Peter J. Cancer Genome Project Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton UK Totient Inc Cambridge MA USA Wellcome Sanger Institute Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton UK Department of Haematology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Cambridge UK Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon South Korea Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical Anthropology University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO) University of Vigo Vigo Spain Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Department of Zoology Genetics and Physical Anthropology (CiMUS) Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain The Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO) Universidade de Vigo Vigo Spain The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics Harvard University Cambridge MA USA Department of Cancer Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research Charlestown MA USA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston MA USA Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Controlled Department and Institution New York NY USA Englander Institute for Precision Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine Ne

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