Path dissolution is an efficient generalization of the method of analytic tableaux. Both methods feature (in the propositional case) strong completeness, the lack of reliance upon conjunctive normal form (CNF), and th...
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Path dissolution is an efficient generalization of the method of analytic tableaux. Both methods feature (in the propositional case) strong completeness, the lack of reliance upon conjunctive normal form (CNF), and the ability to produce a list of essential models (satisfying interpretations) of a formula. Dissolution can speed up every step in a tableau deduction in classical logic. The authors consider means for adapting both techniques to multiple-valued logics, and show that the speed-up theorem applies in this more general setting. These results are pertinent for modeling uncertainty and commonsense reasoning.< >
作者：
KING, JFBARTON, DEJ. Fred King:is the manager of the Advanced Technology Department for Unisys in Reston
Virginia. He earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Houston in 1977. He has been principal investigator of research projects in knowledge engineering pattern recognition and heuristic problem-solving. Efforts include the development of a multi-temporal multispectral classifier for identifying graincrops using LANDSAT satellite imagery data for NASA. Also as a member of the research team for a NCI study with Baylor College of Medicine and NASA he helped develop techniques for detection of carcinoma using multispectral microphotometer scans of lung tissue. He established and became technical director of the AI Laboratory for Ford Aerospace where he developed expert scheduling modeling and knowledge acquisition systems for NASA. Since joining Unisys in 1985 he has led the development of object-oriented programming environments blackboard architectures data fusion techniques using neural networks and intelligent data base systems. Douglas E. Barton:is manager of Logistics Information Systems for Unisys in Reston
Virginia. He earned his B.A. degree in computer science from the College of William and Mary in 1978 and did postgraduate work in London as a Drapers Company scholar. Since joining Unisys in 1981 his work has concentrated on program management and software engineering of large scale data base management systems and design and implementation of knowledge-based systems in planning and logistics. As chairman of the Logistics Data Subcommittee of the National Security Industrial Association (NSIA) he led an industry initiative which examined concepts in knowledge-based systems in military logistics. His responsibilities also include evaluation development and tailoring of software engineering standards and procedures for data base and knowledge-based systems. He is currently program manager of the Navigation Information Management System which provides support to the Fleet Ballistic Missile Progr
A valuable technique during concept development is rapid prototyping of software for key design components. This approach is particularly useful when the optimum design approach is not readily apparent or several know...
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A valuable technique during concept development is rapid prototyping of software for key design components. This approach is particularly useful when the optimum design approach is not readily apparent or several known alternatives need to be rapidly evaluated. A problem inherent in rapid prototyping is the lack of a "target system" with which to interface. Some alternatives are to develop test driver libraries, integrate the prototype with an existing working simulator, or build one for the specific problem. This paper presents a unique approach to concept development using rapid prototyping for concept development and scenario-based simulation for concept verification. The rapid prototyping environment, derived from artificial intelligence technology, is based on a blackboard architecture. The rapid prototype simulation capability is provided through an object-oriented modeling environment. It is shown how both simulation and blackboard technologies are used collectively to rapidly gain insight into a tenacious problem. A specific example will be discussed where this approach was used to evolve the logic of a mission controller for an autonomous underwater vehicle.
In this paper definite Horn clause programs are investigated within a proof-theoretic framework;program clauses being considered rules of a formal system. Based on this approach, the soundness and completeness of SLD-...
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Theoretical results for identifying unnecessary inferences are discussed in the context of the use of a completion-procedure-based approach toward automated reasoning. The notion of a general superposition is introduc...
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Theoretical results for identifying unnecessary inferences are discussed in the context of the use of a completion-procedure-based approach toward automated reasoning. The notion of a general superposition is introduced and it is proved that in a completion procedure, once a general superposition is considered, all its instances are unnecessary inferences and, thus, do not have to be considered. It is also shown that this result can be combined with another criterion, called the prime superposition criterion, proposed by Kapur, Musser, and Narendran, thus implying that prime and general superpositions are sufficient. These results should be applicable to other approaches toward automated reasoning, too. These criteria can be effectively implemented, and their implementation has resulted in automatically proving instances of Jacobson's theorem (also known as the ring commutativity problems) usingRRL (Rewrite Rule Laboratory), a theorem prover based on rewriting techniques and completion.
A system is a collection of processes connected by channels over which they communicate. We consider systems where processes can be communicated. We propose an extension to propositional temporal logic as specificatio...
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We discuss a sequent style clause-based proof system that supports several important strategies in automatic theorem proving. The system has a goal-subgoal structure and supports back chaining with caching;it permits ...
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The authors present a paradigm for automating programming based on how humans program. The paradigm involves top-down decomposition of a given problem into smaller problems using, if possible, programming cliches and ...
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The authors present a paradigm for automating programming based on how humans program. The paradigm involves top-down decomposition of a given problem into smaller problems using, if possible, programming cliches and analogies from previously solved problems till a primitive level is reached; at the primitive level the problem is solved by making calls to a library of pre-existing sub-routines that encode specific knowledge about the domain. The authors describe APU, which uses the above paradigm to automate UNIX programming, and focus on the knowledge structure and the problem-solving capability without the use of analogy.< >
Robot applications, represented as plans, are used to outline a viewpoint that robustness needs to be emphasized in two areas: in the plan representation and in the underlying system software. Robot applications are i...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0818620811
Robot applications, represented as plans, are used to outline a viewpoint that robustness needs to be emphasized in two areas: in the plan representation and in the underlying system software. Robot applications are inherently distributed, since the hardware usually comprises a set of independent actuators and sensors, with the robot programs acting as links between them. A special model of distributed computation, the RS (Robot Schemas) model, has been designed to handle the issues of robot plan representation, and an overview of the model is presented. An initial implementation of the model with minimal execution support demonstrated that the domain-dependent aspect of robustness on its own was not sufficient for robust behavior. Consequently, the OS has been augmented with real-time scheduling, and monitoring facilities.< >
The construction of real-time software for autonomous robot systems that can operate in an uncertain and dynamic environment is considered. Techniques for representing robust robot plans using the RS (robot schema) mo...
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The construction of real-time software for autonomous robot systems that can operate in an uncertain and dynamic environment is considered. Techniques for representing robust robot plans using the RS (robot schema) model are developed which make it possible to separate planned decision-making from error monitoring; they give a modular way to embed error detection, diagnosis, and recovery into plans, and via the formal tools of RS they allow one to analyze plans for error behavior. However, experience in implementing the RS kernel leads to the conclusion that robustness in the plan representation alone is not sufficient. Robustness must also be incorporated in the underlying system software to complement robustness in the plan representation model. Experiences with the initial implementation of the RS execution environment kernel also emphasized the need for operating system constructs that would support the robustness inherent in the model.< >
作者：
Skogsvik, KenthThe author is from the Department of Accounting and Finance
Stockholm School of Economics Sweden. The article is based on his Ph.D. dissertation. He wishes to thank his advisor Professor Sven‐Erik Johansson for encouragement and advice. Also he is grateful for many helpful comments by Professor Nils Hakansson (University of California Berkeley) Matti Kinnunen and Eva Widhem. The computer programming for the project was executed by Matti Kinnunen and Eva Widhem. Financial support for the research was provided by Bankforskningsinstitutet and Carl‐Berthel Nathhorsts Vetenskapliga Stiftelse.
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