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Proceedings of the 23rd Annual ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing

作者： Delporte-Gallet, Carole Hadzilacos, Vassos Fauconnier, Hugues Kouznetsov, Petr Guerraoui, Rachid Toueg, Sam LIAFA Université Paris 7 France Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Canada Distributed Programming Laboratory EPFL Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781581138023

We determine the weakest failure detectors to solve several fundamental problems in distributed message-passing systems, for all environments - i.e., regardless of the number and timing of crashes. The problems that we consider are: implementing an atomic register, solving consensus, solving quittable consensus (a variant of consensus in which processes have the option to decide 'quit' if a failure occurs), and solving non-blocking atomic commit.

关键词： Distributed computer systems

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programming software agents as designing executable business processes: A Model-driven perspective 1

Programming software agents as designing executable business...

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First International Workshop ProMAS 2003: programming Multi-Agent Systems

作者： Müller, Jörg P. Bauer, Bernhard Friese, Thomas Siemens AG Corporate Technology Intelligent Autonomous Systems Otto-Hahn-Ring 6 D-81739 München Germany Programming of Distributed Systems Institute of Computer Science University of Augsburg D-86135 Augsburg Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Marburg D-35032 Marburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783540221807

The contribution of this paper is fourfold. First, we sketch an architecture of agent-enabled business process management that cleanly separates between agent capabilities, business process modeling, and the modeling of services that are employed to actually implement processes. Second, we demonstrate how the Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) paradigm can be beneficially employed at all three layers of the agent-enabled business process architecture. Third, we describe an instance of a platform independent model based on the new UML2 standard, and sketch a mapping to a platform dependent model based on the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS). Fourth, we point out the relationship between the programming of multiagent systems, and the design of agent-enabled business processes. Our key thesis is that designing business processes based on an agent-enabled business processes modeling and enactment framework is a useful way of programming agents - a way that may help agent technology to gain much wider acceptance in industry. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Software agents

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Automatic discovery of translation collocations from bilingual corpora 16

Automatic discovery of translation collocations from bilingu...

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16th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2004

作者： Barrachina, Sergio Vilar, Juan Miguel Dpt. of Computer Engineering and Science Universitat Jaume I Castellón Spain Dpt. of Programming Languages and Computer Systems Universitat Jaume I Castellón Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9781586034528

We describe a method to automatically discover translation collocations from a bilingual corpus and how these improve a machine translation system. The process of inference of collocations is iterative: An alignment is used to derive an initial set of collocations, these are used in turn to improve the alignment and this new alignment is used to generate new collocations. This process is repeated until no more collocations are found. The final alignment and the set of collocations are used to train a translation model. We use a model that is based on finite state transducers and word clusters and has been modified to work with collocations in addition to single words. We present experiments in which we show that automatic collocations improve translation quality without prior linguistic information.

关键词： Alignment

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OREGON'S GET TOUGH SENTENCING REFORM: A LESSON IN JUSTICE SYSTEM ADAPTATION

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Criminology & Public Policy 2006年第1期5卷

作者： NANCY MERRITT TERRY FAIN SUSAN TURNER Extensive experience conducting justice system policy studies at the state and local level. As a Policy Analyst with the RAND Corporation and government agencies she designed and directed studies focused on the development implementation and evaluation of sentencing policy as well as juvenile and adult correctional programs. Her current work focuses on the implementation and impact of mandatory sentencing laws cross-jurisdictional variations in their application and the effects of prosecutorial discretion. Additional areas of interest include the development implementation and evaluation of juvenile justice programming. Ms. Merritt received her M.S. from the Pennsylvania State University University Park and is a Ph.D. candidate with the Rutgers University School of Criminal Justice. M.A. M.S. is a Senior project associate in the Behavioral Sciences Department at RAND Corporation. He has extensive research experience in criminal justice and substance abuse. He is expert in computer statistical techniques as well as in managing large datasets. He has conducted analysis for many RAND projects and is author or co-author of numerous publications both from RAND and in peer-reviewed journals. His research interests include alternatives to incarceration substance abuse and treatment racial disparities in prison admissions and research collaborations with state and local justice agencies. Professor in the Department of Criminology Law and Society at the University of California's Irvine campus. She received her Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She has led a variety of research projects including studies on racial disparity field experiments of private sector alternatives for serious juvenile offenders work release day fines and a 14–site evaluation of intensive supervision probation. Dr. Turner's areas of expertise include the design and implementation of randomized field experiments and research collaborations with state and local justice agencies. He

Research Summary: Oregon's Measure 11, a mandatory minimum sentencing policy passed in 1994, had fewer negative system impacts than had been anticipated by many state and local criminal justice administrators, due largely to the fact that prosecutors exercised the discretion provided them under the law to selectively prosecute cases. Consequently, fewer Measure 11-eligible cases were sentenced under the relevant statues than before passage of the measure, and more were sentenced to lesser related offenses. At the same time, incarceration rates and sentence lengths increased for both Measure 11 and lesser related offenses. Trial rates increased for two years after Measure 11 took effect before reverting to previous levels. Policy Implications: The “unintended consequences” that Measure 11 produced should not have been unexpected. Our research indicates that the entire system will quickly adapt to mitigate the more draconian outcomes predicted by those who assume a simplistic implementation, which underscores the importance of understanding system dynamics and inter-relationships before implementing reform, as well as the pitfalls of designing legislation for either symbolic appeal or formal logic rather than for actual effect.

关键词： Sentencing Reform Mandatory Minimums Prosecutorial Discretion “Get Tough” Sentencing

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Supporting usage-centered workflow Design: Why and how?

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lectu...

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Lecture Notes in computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2004年 3080卷 227-243页

作者： Kleiner, Niko Dept. of Programming Methodology Faculty of Computer Science University of Ulm D-89069 Germany

One of the most difficult tasks in the development of Processaware Information Systems (p-IS) is the design of the related workflow. Methods and tools to support this design process are an emerging trend in Business Process Management research. Despite the many approaches already presented it is unclear on what researchers should focus. Hence, in this paper, I first undertake a sound problem analysis of the workflow design process. With respect to this analysis, workflow design should primarily be informed of the study of the 'where' and 'why' of deviations of the work practice - which emerges with the deployment and use of the new p-IS - and the initially intended business process. Secondly, I describe log-based Delta-Analysis, a new concept to study process deviations using data logged during operational p-IS-usage. InterPoL, a tool to support log-based Delta-Analysis, is also presented. Finally, I report about results of a feasibility as well as a detailed case study with real-world projects. © Springer-Verlag 2004.

关键词： Enterprise resource management

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Optimised asynchronous self-timing for superconducting RSFQ logic circuits

Optimised asynchronous self-timing for superconducting RSFQ ...

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AFRICON Conference

作者： H.R. Gerber C.J. Fourie W.J. Perold Applied computer programming and computer systems Electronics and quantum electronics Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Stellenbosch

Rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) logic is a digital circuit technology that in recent years has presented itself as an alternative to semiconductors in the application of ultra high speed, very low power applications. The optimal timing of digital circuits operating at hundreds of GHz is still a complex problem for both RSFQ and semiconductor technologies. The fact that most RSFQ gates require a clock signal to function makes this even more complex. Various RSFQ timing schemes have been adapted from semiconductor design methodologies, and some have been designed specifically for RSFQ. Currently, synchronous clocking schemes outperform other schemes, but with the scale of RSFQ circuits ever increasing, the proper use of timing schemes are becoming more crucial. This paper describes a new asynchronous self-timing scheme where the details of clock distribution and clocking are built into the logic gates. Tests were done on the newly developed asynchronous logic gates and an asynchronous full adder was implemented and tested

关键词： Superconducting logic circuits Logic circuits Clocks Timing Logic testing Digital circuits Logic gates Design methodology Circuit testing Adders

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With-loop scalarization -Merging nested array operations

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lectu...

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Lecture Notes in computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2004年 3145卷 118-134页

作者： Grelck, Clemens Scholz, Sven-Bodo Trojahner, Kai University of Lübeck Institute of Software Technology and Programming Languages Germany University of Kiel Institute of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Germany

Construction of complex array operations by composition of more basic ones allows for abstract and concise specifications of algorithms. Unfortunately, naïve compilation of such specifications leads to creation of many temporary arrays at runtime and, consequently, to poor performance characteristics. This paper elaborates on a new compiler optimization, named WITH-LOOP-SCALARIZATION, which aims at eliminating temporary arrays in the context of nested array operations. It is based on WITH-loops, a versatile array comprehension construct used by the functional array language SAC both for specification as well as for internal representation of array operations. The impact of WITH-LOOP-SCALARIZATION on the runtime performance of compiled SAC code is demonstrated by several experiments involving support for arithmetic on arrays of complex numbers and the application kernel FT from the NAS benchmark suite. © Springer-Verlag 2004.

关键词： Specifications

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Improving grammar-based evolutionary algorithms via attributed derivation trees

Improving grammar-based evolutionary algorithms via attribut...

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7th European Conference on Genetic programming, EuroGP 2004

作者： Zvada, Szilvia Ványi, Róbert Department of Programming Systems Friedrich-Alexander University Martensstraße 3 ErlangenD-91058 Germany Department of Theoretical Computer Science Friedrich-Alexander University Martensstraße 3 ErlangenD-91058 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3540213465

Using Genetic programming difficult optimization problems can be solved, even if the candidate solutions are complex objects. In such cases, it is a costly procedure to correct or replace the invalid individuals that may appear during the evolutionary process. Instead of such post-processing, context-free grammars can be used to describe the syntax of valid solutions, and the algorithm can be modified to work on derivation trees, such that it does not generate invalid individuals. Although tree operators have the advantage of good parameterizability, it is not trivial to construct them correctly and efficiently. In this paper an already existing method for derivation tree evolution and its extension towards attributed derivation trees are discussed. As the result of this extension the operators are not only faster but they are easy to parameterize, moreover the algorithm is better guided, thus it can converge faster. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Genetic programming

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Authentication and autoconfiguration for MANET nodes

Authentication and autoconfiguration for MANET nodes

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International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, EUC 2004

作者： Buiati, Fabio Puttini, Ricardo De Sousa, Rafael Barenco Abbas, C.J. García Villalba, L.J. University of Brasília Department of Electrical Engineering Brasília70910-900 Brazil Department of Computer Systems and Programming Complutense University of Madrid–UCM Juan del Rosal 8 DespachoMadrid431 28040 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)354022906X

In this paper we propose a secure autoconfiguration model for Manet. Our design is based in a distributed and self-organization certification service, which provides node identification and authentication for the autoconfiguration protocol. We have defined some modifications in the Dynamic Configuration and Distribution Protocol (DCDP) in order to extend the protocol functionalities to include security-aware node identification and authentication services. The overall security is also enforced with intrusion detection techniques. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Intrusion detection

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EkSarva: an intelligent collaboration framework

EkSarva: an intelligent collaboration framework

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International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Systems, IS

作者： R. Reddy S. Selliah V. Bharadwaj Jinqiao Yu S. Kankanahalli S. Reddy Smart Internet Programming Laboratory Concurrent Engineering Research Center Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

Ubiquitous computing and universal network connectivity have given rise to expectations of building a Digital Society, where many aspects of business and social activities may be accomplished by remote participants. Intelligent, context-aware, and workflow-centric collaboration is an essential prerequisite to fulfill that expectation. EkSarva is a framework, which enables realization of such collaborations in diverse domains. This is accomplished by identifying the key concepts and their inter-relationships (dubbed the PPP/SST paradigm), which form the foundation of this framework. The key concepts include: (a) Project, (b) Person, (c) Place, (d) Signal, (e) Situation, and (f) Transcript. This paper describes how these concepts collectively can give rise to an intelligent collaboration environment.

关键词： Collaboration Collaborative work Internet Java computer networks Intelligent networks Signal processing Intelligent structures Intelligent agent Laboratories

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