The Universal Morphology (UniMorph) project is a collaborative effort providing broad-coverage instantiated normalized morphological inflection tables for hundreds of diverse world languages. The project comprises two...
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NANCY MERRITTTERRY FAINSUSAN TURNERExtensive experience conducting justice system policy studies at the state and local level. As a Policy Analyst with the RAND Corporation and government agencies
she designed and directed studies focused on the development implementation and evaluation of sentencing policy as well as juvenile and adult correctional programs. Her current work focuses on the implementation and impact of mandatory sentencing laws cross-jurisdictional variations in their application and the effects of prosecutorial discretion. Additional areas of interest include the development implementation and evaluation of juvenile justice programming. Ms. Merritt received her M.S. from the Pennsylvania State University University Park and is a Ph.D. candidate with the Rutgers University School of Criminal Justice. M.A.
M.S. is a Senior project associate in the Behavioral Sciences Department at RAND Corporation. He has extensive research experience in criminal justice and substance abuse. He is expert in computer statistical techniques as well as in managing large datasets. He has conducted analysis for many RAND projects and is author or co-author of numerous publications both from RAND and in peer-reviewed journals. His research interests include alternatives to incarceration substance abuse and treatment racial disparities in prison admissions and research collaborations with state and local justice agencies. Professor in the Department of Criminology
Law and Society at the University of California's Irvine campus. She received her Ph.D. in Social Psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She has led a variety of research projects including studies on racial disparity field experiments of private sector alternatives for serious juvenile offenders work release day fines and a 14–site evaluation of intensive supervision probation. Dr. Turner's areas of expertise include the design and implementation of randomized field experiments and research collaborations with state and local justice agencies. He
Research Summary: Oregon's Measure 11, a mandatory minimum sentencing policy passed in 1994, had fewer negative system impacts than had been anticipated by many state and local criminal justice administrators, due...
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Research Summary: Oregon's Measure 11, a mandatory minimum sentencing policy passed in 1994, had fewer negative system impacts than had been anticipated by many state and local criminal justice administrators, due largely to the fact that prosecutors exercised the discretion provided them under the law to selectively prosecute cases. Consequently, fewer Measure 11-eligible cases were sentenced under the relevant statues than before passage of the measure, and more were sentenced to lesser related offenses. At the same time, incarceration rates and sentence lengths increased for both Measure 11 and lesser related offenses. Trial rates increased for two years after Measure 11 took effect before reverting to previous levels. Policy Implications: The “unintended consequences” that Measure 11 produced should not have been unexpected. Our research indicates that the entire system will quickly adapt to mitigate the more draconian outcomes predicted by those who assume a simplistic implementation, which underscores the importance of understanding system dynamics and inter-relationships before implementing reform, as well as the pitfalls of designing legislation for either symbolic appeal or formal logic rather than for actual effect.
In the originally published version of this Article, the affiliation details for Santi González, Jian'an Luan and Claudia Langenberg were inadvertently omitted. Santi González should have been affiliated...
In the originally published version of this Article, the affiliation details for Santi González, Jian'an Luan and Claudia Langenberg were inadvertently omitted. Santi González should have been affiliated with 'Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, 08034 Barcelona, Spain', and Jian'an Luan and Claudia Langenberg should have been affiliated with 'MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK'. Furthermore, the abstract contained an error in the SNP ID for the rare variant in chromosome Xq23, which was incorrectly given as rs146662057 and should have been rs146662075. These errors have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
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