Networks of communicating processes can be viewed as networks of stream transformers and programmed in a lazy functional language. Thus the correctness of concurrent systems can be reduced to the correctness of functi...
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Because of the high cost of staff turnover, adequate training, budgets, and the problems of finding and keeping experienced people, there will be a greater use of contract programmers in the future, and DP managers wi...
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Because of the high cost of staff turnover, adequate training, budgets, and the problems of finding and keeping experienced people, there will be a greater use of contract programmers in the future, and DP managers will have to learn how to work with them.
Since the mid-1970s, and with the development of each new programming paradigm there has been an increasing interest in exceptions and the benefits of exception handling. With the move towards programming for ever mor...
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Since the mid-1970s, and with the development of each new programming paradigm there has been an increasing interest in exceptions and the benefits of exception handling. With the move towards programming for ever more complex architectures, understanding basic facilities such as exception handling as an aid to improving program reliability, robustness and comprehensibility has become much more important. Interest has sparked the production of many papers both theoretical and practical, each giving a view of exceptions and exception handling from a different standpoint. In an effort to provide a means of classifying exception handling models which may be encountered, a taxonomy is presented in this paper. As the taxonomy is developed some of the concepts of exception handling are introduced and discussed. The taxonomy is applied to a number of exception handling models in some contemporary programming languages and some observations and conclusions offered.
This paper studies a time-variant multi-objective linear fractional transportation problem. In reality, transported goods should reach in destinations within a specific time. Considering the importance of time, a time...
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This paper studies a time-variant multi-objective linear fractional transportation problem. In reality, transported goods should reach in destinations within a specific time. Considering the importance of time, a time-variant multi-objective linear fractional transportation problem is formulated here. We take into account the parameters as cost, supply and demand are interval valued that involved in the proposed model, so we treat the model as a multi-objective linear fractional interval transportation problem. To solve the formulated model, we first convert it into a deterministic form using a new transformation technique and then apply fuzzy programming to solve it. The applicability of our proposed method is shown by considering two numerical examples. At last, conclusions and future research directions regarding our study is included.
The problem of automatic explanation of reasoning, especially as it relates to expert systems is examined. Explanation means the ability of a program to discuss what it is doing in some understandable way. A general f...
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The problem of automatic explanation of reasoning, especially as it relates to expert systems is examined. Explanation means the ability of a program to discuss what it is doing in some understandable way. A general framework in which to view explanation and review some of the research done in this area is presented. The explanation system for NEOMYCIN, a medical consultation program is studied. A consultation program interactively helps a user to solve a problem. Our goal is to have NEOMYCIN explain its problem-solving strategies. An explanation of strategy describes the plan the program is using to reach a solution. Such an explanation is usually concrete, referring to aspects of the current problem situation. Abstract explanations articulate a general principle, which can be applied in different situations;such explanations are useful in teaching and in explaining by analogy. The aspects of NEOMYCIN that make abstract strategic explanations possible, the representation of strategic knowledge explicitly and separately from domain knowledge and demonstrate how this representation can be used to generate explanations, is described.
This paper defines and demonstrates four philosophies for processing queries on tree structures; shows that the data semantics of queries shuld be described by designating sets of nodes from which v values for attnbut...
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This paper defines and demonstrates four philosophies for processing queries on tree structures; shows that the data semantics of queries shuld be described by designating sets of nodes from which v values for attnbutes may be returned to the data consumer; shows that the data semantics of database processing can be specified totally independent of any madhine, file structure, or implementation; shows that set theory is a natural and effective vehicle for analyzing the semantics of queries on tree structures; and finally, shows that Bolts is an adequate formalism for conveying the semantics of tree structure processing.
In this paper we study the use of parallelism to speed up execution of Answer Set Programs (ASP). ASP is an emerging programming paradigm which combines features from constraint programming, logic programming, and non...
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I have not tried to be comprehensive here. Instead I have tried to pursue the idea of category theory as a kind of type theory and thereby I have only included those uses of category theory which I have found particul...
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Characterising a problem in terms of a system of equations is common to many branches of science and engineering. Due to their size, such systems are often described in a modular fashion by composition of individual e...
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