1 Introduction Traditional covert communication[1]usually relies on centralized channels,which are efficient in transmission but susceptible to eavesdropping and attacks,leading to information ***,distributed methods ...
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1 Introduction Traditional covert communication[1]usually relies on centralized channels,which are efficient in transmission but susceptible to eavesdropping and attacks,leading to information ***,distributed methods also exist,such as peer-to-peer networks and distributed hash *** technology,which is decentralized,anonymous,non-tamperable and anti-attack,can be applied to covert communication to solve the problems of traditional methods and improve the quality of communication.
Brain tumors are regarded as one of the most lethal, devastating, and aggressive diseases, significantly reducing the life expectancy of affected individuals. For this reason, in pursuit of advancing brain tumor diagn...
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This paper introduces a novel convolutional neural network model with an attention mechanism to advance Alzheimer disease (AD) classification using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The model architecture is meticulou...
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Today, it can be said that coding has become a key competence for students and people working in many different fields in the business world. It is assumed that those who seek and develop new ways to learn-teach codin...
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Challenging management to face up to the realities of computers, this paper makes a strong case for recognition of software (programming) as the second half of a computer system. A step-by-step review of the decisions...
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Challenging management to face up to the realities of computers, this paper makes a strong case for recognition of software (programming) as the second half of a computer system. A step-by-step review of the decisions involved in planning the successful implementation of a computer system is given. The software (programming) is broken down into four functions: program specifications, program planning, program manufacture, and program installation. In each, a concise description of the work and the qualifications necessary to perform it are provided. A training program is added that includes descriptions of training courses, on-the-job training recommendations, and prerequisite qualifications of personnel being considered for such training. A concluding section deals with a discussion of factors to be considered by management in determining whether the customer should buy programming or develop the capability to do it with his own organization.
Concepts and ideas are presented that should characterize an advanced Ada programming support environment. These concepts include: 1. conceptual simplicity, 2. tight coupling of tools, and 3. effective support of host...
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Concepts and ideas are presented that should characterize an advanced Ada programming support environment. These concepts include: 1. conceptual simplicity, 2. tight coupling of tools, and 3. effective support of host-target software development. Several important principles - including template-assisted Ada editing, command completion employing Ada as a command language, and combining the advantages of interpretation and compilation - have been demonstrated in the Arcturus system. Of particular concern is the expansion of Arcturus to support the analysis, testing, and debugging of real-time tasking programs. A strategy is proposed for applying the individual standalone techniques developed to facilitate those activities in an integrated manner, making them even more valuable as they are mutually reinforcing and complementary in vital ways. The strategy provides a disciplined approach to the problem of analyzing errors disclosed during real-time target machine testing.
Since the mid-1970s, and with the development of each new programming paradigm there has been an increasing interest in exceptions and the benefits of exception handling. With the move towards programming for ever mor...
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Since the mid-1970s, and with the development of each new programming paradigm there has been an increasing interest in exceptions and the benefits of exception handling. With the move towards programming for ever more complex architectures, understanding basic facilities such as exception handling as an aid to improving program reliability, robustness and comprehensibility has become much more important. Interest has sparked the production of many papers both theoretical and practical, each giving a view of exceptions and exception handling from a different standpoint. In an effort to provide a means of classifying exception handling models which may be encountered, a taxonomy is presented in this paper. As the taxonomy is developed some of the concepts of exception handling are introduced and discussed. The taxonomy is applied to a number of exception handling models in some contemporary programming languages and some observations and conclusions offered.
This paper studies a time-variant multi-objective linear fractional transportation problem. In reality, transported goods should reach in destinations within a specific time. Considering the importance of time, a time...
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This paper studies a time-variant multi-objective linear fractional transportation problem. In reality, transported goods should reach in destinations within a specific time. Considering the importance of time, a time-variant multi-objective linear fractional transportation problem is formulated here. We take into account the parameters as cost, supply and demand are interval valued that involved in the proposed model, so we treat the model as a multi-objective linear fractional interval transportation problem. To solve the formulated model, we first convert it into a deterministic form using a new transformation technique and then apply fuzzy programming to solve it. The applicability of our proposed method is shown by considering two numerical examples. At last, conclusions and future research directions regarding our study is included.
The problem of automatic explanation of reasoning, especially as it relates to expert systems is examined. Explanation means the ability of a program to discuss what it is doing in some understandable way. A general f...
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The problem of automatic explanation of reasoning, especially as it relates to expert systems is examined. Explanation means the ability of a program to discuss what it is doing in some understandable way. A general framework in which to view explanation and review some of the research done in this area is presented. The explanation system for NEOMYCIN, a medical consultation program is studied. A consultation program interactively helps a user to solve a problem. Our goal is to have NEOMYCIN explain its problem-solving strategies. An explanation of strategy describes the plan the program is using to reach a solution. Such an explanation is usually concrete, referring to aspects of the current problem situation. Abstract explanations articulate a general principle, which can be applied in different situations;such explanations are useful in teaching and in explaining by analogy. The aspects of NEOMYCIN that make abstract strategic explanations possible, the representation of strategic knowledge explicitly and separately from domain knowledge and demonstrate how this representation can be used to generate explanations, is described.
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