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Encryption Algorithm for Securing Non-Disclosure Agreements in Outsourcing Offshore Software Maintenance

computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 3827-3845页

作者： Atif Ikram Masita Abdul Jalil Amir Bin Ngah Nadeem Iqbal Nazri Kama Azri Azmi Ahmad Salman Khan Yasir Mahmood Assad Alzayed Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics University Malaysia TerengganuKuala TerengganuMalaysia Department of Computer Science&Information Technology Faculty of Information TechnologyThe University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Information TechnologyThe University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Advanced Informatics Department Razak Faculty of Technology and InformaticsUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia54100Kuala LumpurMalaysia Computer Science and Information Systems Department College of Business Studies Public Authority for Applied Education and Training(PAAET)AdailiyaKuwait

Properly created and securely communicated,non-disclosure agreement(NDA)can resolve most of the common disputes related to outsourcing of offshore software maintenance(OSMO).Occasionally,these NDAs are in the form of *** the work is done offshore,these agreements or images must be shared through the Internet or stored over the *** breach of privacy,on the other hand,is a potential threat for the image owners as both the Internet and cloud servers are not void of *** article proposes a novel algorithm for securing the NDAs in the form of *** an agreement is signed between the two parties,it will be encrypted before sending to the cloud server or travelling through the public network,the *** the image is input to the algorithm,its pixels would be scrambled through the set of randomly generated rectangles for an arbitrary amount of *** confusion effects have been realized through an XOR operation between the confused image,and chaotic ***,5D multi-wing hyperchaotic system has been employed to spawn the chaotic vectors due to good properties of chaoticity it *** machine experimentation and the security analysis through a comprehensive set of validation metric vividly demonstrate the robustness,defiance to the multifarious threats and the prospects for some real-world application of the proposed encryption algorithm for the NDA images.

关键词： Non-disclosure agreement encryption decryption secret key chaoticmap confusion diffusion

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K-Banhatti Invariants Empowered Topological Investigation of Bridge Networks

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5423-5440页

作者： Khalid Hamid Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Erssa Arif Yasir Mahmood Ahmad Salman Khan Nazri Kama Azri Azmi Atif Ikram Department of Computer Science Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Faculty of Information TechnologyThe University of Lahore54000Pakistan Advanced Informatics Department Razak Faculty of Technology and InformaticsUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaKuala Lumpur54100Malaysia Faculty of Informatics and Applied Mathematics University Malaysia TerengganuMalaysia Department of Computer Science&Information Technology Faculty of Information TechnologyThe University of Lahore54000Pakistan

Any number that can be uniquely determined by a graph is called graph *** the most recent twenty years’innumerable numerical graph invariants have been described and used for correlation *** the fast and advanced environment of manufacturing of networks and other products which used different networks,no dependable assessment has been embraced to choose,how much these invariants are connected with a network graph or molecular *** this paper,it will talk about three distinct variations of bridge networks with great capability of expectation in the field of computer science,chemistry,physics,drug industry,informatics,and mathematics in setting with physical and synthetic constructions and networks,since K-Banhatti invariants are newly introduced and have various forecast characteristics for various variations of bridge graphs or *** review settled the topology of bridge graph/networks of three unique sorts with three types of K-Banhatti *** concluded outcomes can be utilized for the modeling of interconnection networks of Personal computers(PC),networks like Local area network(LAN),Metropolitan area network(MAN)and Wide area network(WAN),the spine of internet and different networks/designs of PCs,power generation interconnection,bio-informatics and chemical structures.

关键词： Bridge networks invariants k-banhatti indices maple network graph molecular graph

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Land-Cover Classification and its Impact on Peshawar’s Land Surface Temperature Using Remote Sensing

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 4123-4145页

作者： Shahab Ul Islam Saifullah Jan Abdul Waheed Gulzar Mehmood Mahdi Zareei Faisal Alanazi Department of Computer Science IQRA National UniversityPeshawar25124Pakistan Department of Computer Science City University of Science&Information TechnologyPeshawar25124Pakistan Department of Information Technology Hazara UniversityMansehra21120Pakistan School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea Department of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malakand23021Pakistan Tecnologico de Monterrey School of Engineering and SciencesZapopan45201Mexico Department of Electrical Engineering Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityCollege of EngineeringAl Kharj16278Saudi Arabia

Spatial and temporal informationon urban infrastructure is essential and requires various land-cover/land-use planning and management ***,a change in infrastructure has a direct impact on other land-cover and climatic *** study assessed changes in the rate and spatial distribution of Peshawar district’s infrastructure and its effects on Land Surface Temperature(LST)during the years 1996 and *** this purpose,firstly,satellite images of bands7 and 8 ETM+(Enhanced Thematic Mapper)plus and OLI(Operational Land Imager)of 30 m resolution were ***,for classification and image processing,remote sensing(RS)applications ENVI(Environment for Visualising Images)and GIS(Geographic information System)were ***,for better visualization and more in-depth analysis of land sat images,pre-processing techniques were *** Land use and Land cover(LU/LC)four types of land cover areas were identified-vegetation area,water cover,urbanized area,and infertile land for the years under *** composition of red,green,and near infra-red bands was used for supervised *** images were extracted for analyzing the relative infrastructure change.A comparative analysis for the classification of images is performed for SVM(Support Vector Machine)and ANN(Artificial Neural Network).Based on analyzing these images,the result shows the rise in the average temperature from 30.04℃ to 45.25℃.This only possible reason is the increase in the built-up area from 78.73 to 332.78 Area km^(2) from 1996 to *** has also been witnessed that the city’s sides are hotter than the city’s center due to the barren land on the borders.

关键词： Remote sensing temperature extraction urbanization satellite image classification artificial neural network support vector machine LU/LC land surface temperature

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Deep Learning and Machine Learning for Early Detection of Stroke and Haemorrhage

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 775-796页

作者： Zeyad Ghaleb Al-Mekhlafi Ebrahim Mohammed Senan Taha H.Rassem Badiea Abdulkarem Mohammed Nasrin M.Makbol Adwan Alownie Alanazi Tariq S.Almurayziq Fuad A.Ghaleb Department of Information and Computer Science College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHa’il81481Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science&Information Technology Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada UniversityAurangabad431004India Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth UniversityPooleBH125BBUK Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHa’il81481Saudi Arabia College of Computer Science and Engineering Hodeidah UniversityHodeidah966Yemen School of Computing Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor BahruJohor81310Malaysia

Stroke and cerebral haemorrhage are the second leading causes of death in the world after ischaemic heart *** this work,a dataset containing medical,physiological and environmental tests for stroke was used to evaluate the efficacy of machine learning,deep learning and a hybrid technique between deep learning and machine learning on theMagnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)dataset for cerebral *** the first dataset(medical records),two features,namely,diabetes and obesity,were created on the basis of the values of the corresponding *** t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding algorithm was applied to represent the high-dimensional dataset in a low-dimensional data ***,the Recursive Feature Elimination algorithm(RFE)was applied to rank the features according to priority and their correlation to the target feature and to remove the unimportant *** features are fed into the various classification algorithms,namely,Support Vector Machine(SVM),K Nearest Neighbours(KNN),Decision Tree,Random Forest,and Multilayer *** algorithms achieved superior *** Random Forest algorithm achieved the best performance amongst the algorithms;it reached an overall accuracy of 99%.This algorithm classified stroke cases with Precision,Recall and F1 score of 98%,100%and 99%,*** the second dataset,the MRI image dataset was evaluated by using the AlexNet model and AlexNet+SVM hybrid *** hybrid model AlexNet+SVM performed is better than the AlexNet model;it reached accuracy,sensitivity,specificity and Area Under the Curve(AUC)of 99.9%,100%,99.80%and 99.86%,respectively.

关键词： Stroke cerebral haemorrhage deep learning machine learning t-SNE and RFE algorithms

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Exploring Students Engagement Towards the Learning Management System (LMS) Using Learning Analytics

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computer Systems science & Engineering 2021年第4期37卷 73-87页

作者： Shahrul Nizam Ismail Suraya Hamid Muneer Ahmad A.Alaboudi Nz Jhanjhi Department of Information Systems Faculty of Computer Science&Information TechnologyUniversity MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Department of Information systems College of Computer and Information SciencesShaqra UniversitySaudi Arabia School of Computer Science and Engineering SCETaylor’s UniversitySubang Jaya47500Malaysia

Learning analytics is a rapidly evolving research discipline that uses theinsights generated from data analysis to support learners as well as optimize boththe learning process and environment. This paper studied students’ engagementlevel of the Learning Management System (LMS) via a learning analytics tool,student’s approach in managing their studies and possible learning analytic methods to analyze student data. Moreover, extensive systematic literature review(SLR) was employed for the selection, sorting and exclusion of articles fromdiverse renowned sources. The findings show that most of the engagement inLMS are driven by educators. Additionally, we have discussed the factors inLMS, causes of low engagement and ways of increasing engagement factorsvia the Learning Analytics approach. Nevertheless, apart from recognizing theLearning Analytics approach as being a successful method and technique for analyzing the LMS data, this research further highlighted the possibility of mergingthe learning analytics technique with the LMS engagement in every institution asbeing a direction for future research.

关键词： Learning analytics student engagement learning management system systematic literature review

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Machine Learning Empowered Security Management and Quality of Service Provision in SDN-NFV Environment

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computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第3期66卷 2723-2749页

作者： Shumaila Shahzadi Fahad Ahmad Asma Basharat Madallah Alruwaili Saad Alanazi Mamoona Humayun Muhammad Rizwan Shahid Naseem Department of Computer Sciences Kinnaird College for WomenLahore54000Pakistan College of Computer and Information Sciences Jouf UniversitySakaka72341Saudi Arabia Division of Computer Science&Information Technology University of EducationLahore54000Pakistan

With the rising demand for data access,network service providers face the challenge of growing their capital and operating costs while at the same time enhancing network capacity and meeting the increased demand for *** increase efficacy of Software Defined Network(SDN)and Network Function Virtualization(NFV)framework,we need to eradicate network security configuration errors that may create vulnerabilities to affect overall efficiency,reduce network performance,and increase maintenance *** existing frameworks lack in security,and computer systems face few abnormalities,which prompts the need for different recognition and mitigation methods to keep the system in the operational state *** fundamental concept behind SDN-NFV is the encroachment from specific resource execution to the programming-based *** research is around the combination of SDN and NFV for rational decision making to control and monitor traffic in the virtualized *** combination is often seen as an extra burden in terms of resources usage in a heterogeneous network environment,but as well as it provides the solution for critical problems specially regarding massive network traffic *** attacks have been expanding step by step;therefore,it is hard to recognize and protect by conventional *** overcome these issues,there must be an autonomous system to recognize and characterize the network traffic’s abnormal conduct if there is *** four types of assaults,including HTTP Flood,UDP Flood,Smurf Flood,and SiDDoS Flood,are considered in the identified dataset,to optimize the stability of the SDN-NFVenvironment and security management,through several machine learning based characterization techniques like Support Vector Machine(SVM),K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),Logistic Regression(LR)and Isolation Forest(IF).Python is used for simulation purposes,including several valuable utilities like the mine package,the open-source Python ML libraries Scikit-lea

关键词： Software defined network network function virtualization machine learning support vector machine K-nearest neighbors logistic regression isolation forest anomaly detection attacks

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Metric-Based Resolvability of Quartz Structure

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 2053-2071页

作者： Muhammad Imran Ali Ahmad Muhammad Azeem Kashif Elahi Department of Mathematical Sciences United Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates College of Computer Science&Information Technology Jazan University JazanSaudi Arabia Department of Aerospace Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaMalaysia Deanship of E-learning and Information Technology Jazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia

Silica has three major varieties of crystalline. Quartz is the main andabundant ingredient in the crust of our earth. While other varieties are formedby the heating of quartz. Silica quartz is a rich chemical structure containingenormous properties. Any chemical network or structure can be transformedinto a graph, where atoms become vertices and the bonds are converted toedges, between vertices. This makes a complex network easy to visualize towork on it. There are many concepts to work on chemical structures in termsof graph theory but the resolvability parameters of a graph are quite advanceand applicable topic. Resolvability parameters of a graph is a way to getting agraph into unique form, like each vertex or edge has a unique identification bymeans of some selected vertices, which depends on the distance of vertices andits pattern in a particular graph. We have dealt some resolvability parametersof SiO2 quartz. We computed the resolving set for quartz structure and itsvariants, wherein we proved that all the variants of resolvability parameters ofquartz structures are constant and do not depend on the order of the graph.

关键词： Quartz polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon related structure metric dimension metric or distance-based resolvability parameters

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Two-Mode Biomedical Sensor Build-up:Characterization of Optical Amplifier

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 5487-5501页

作者： Usman Masud Fathe Jeribi Mohammed Alhameed Faraz Akram Ali Tahir Mohammad Yousaf Naudhani Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila47050Pakistan Department of Electrical Communication Engineering University of KasselKassel34127Germany College of Computer Science&Information Technology Jazan UniversityJazan45142Saudi Arabia Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences Riphah International UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Faculty of Information&Communication Technology Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuetta

Intracavity absorption spectroscopy is a strikingly sensitive technique that has been integrated with a two-wavelength setup to develop a sensor for human *** factors are considered in such a scenario,out of which Relative Intensity Noise(RIN)has been exploited as an important parameter to characterize and calibrate the said *** the performance of an electrical based assessment arrangement which has been developed in the laboratory as an alternative to the expensive Agilent setup,the optical amplifier plays a pivotal role in its development and operation,along with other components and their ***,the investigation and technical analysis of the amplifier in the system has been explored in *** algorithm developed for the automatic measurements of the system has been effectively deployed in terms of the laser’s *** this in perspective,a frequency dependent calibration has been pursued in depth with this scheme which enhances the sensor’s efficiency in terms of its *** this way,our investigation helps us in a better understanding and implementation perspective of the proposed system,as the outcomes of our analysis adds to the precision and accuracy of the entire system.

关键词： Biomedical sensor cavity optomechanics spectroscopy relative intensity noise semiconductor laser diode

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Automatic Detection of Weapons in Surveillance Cameras Using Efficient-Net

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 4615-4630页

作者： Erssa Arif Syed Khuram Shahzad Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Muhammad Arfan Jaffar Abdullah S.Alshahrani Ahmed Alghamdi Department of Computer Science Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Informatics&Systems University of Management&TechnologyLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Faculty of Computer Science&Information Technology Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science&Artificial Intelligence College of Computer Science&EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah21493Saudi Arabia

The conventional Close circuit television(CCTV)cameras-based surveillance and control systems require human resource *** all the criminal activities take place using weapons mostly a handheld gun,revolver,pistol,swords ***,automatic weapons detection is a vital requirement now a *** current research is concerned about the real-time detection of weapons for the surveillance cameras with an implementation of weapon detection using Efficient–*** time datasets,from local surveillance department’s test sessions are used for model training and *** consist of local environment images and videos from different type and resolution cameras that minimize the *** research also contributes in the making of Efficient-Net that is experimented and results in a positive *** results are also been represented in graphs and in calculations for the representation of results during training and results after training are also shown to represent our research ***-Net algorithm gives better results than existing *** using Efficient-Net algorithms the accuracy achieved 98.12%when epochs increase as compared to other algorithms.

关键词： Detection algorithms machine learning machine vision video surveillance

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Optimization Techniques in University Timetabling Problem:Constraints,Methodologies,Benchmarks,and Open Issues

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 6461-6484页

作者： Abeer Bashab Ashraf Osman Ibrahim Ibrahim Abakar Tarigo Hashem Karan Aggarwal Fadhil Mukhlif Fuad A.Ghaleb Abdelzahir Abdelmaboud Faculty of Computer Science&Information Technology Alzaiem Alazhari University13311KhartoumSudan Faculty Computing and Informatics Universiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu88400SabahMalaysia Department of Computer Science University of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates Electronic and Communication Engineering Department Maharishi Markandeshwar Deemed to be UniversityMullanaAmbala133207HaryanaIndia Information Assurance and Security Research Group(IASRG) School of ComputingFaculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310JohorMalaysia Department of Information Systems King Khaled UniversityMuhayel61913AseerSaudi Arabia

University timetabling problems are a yearly challenging task and are faced repeatedly each *** problems are considered nonpolynomial time(NP)and combinatorial optimization problems(COP),which means that they can be solved through optimization algorithms to produce the aspired optimal *** techniques have been used to solve university timetabling problems,and most of them use optimization *** paper provides a comprehensive review of the most recent studies dealing with concepts,methodologies,optimization,benchmarks,and open issues of university timetabling *** comprehensive review starts by presenting the essence of university timetabling as NP-COP,defining and clarifying the two formed classes of university timetabling:University Course Timetabling and University Examination Timetabling,illustrating the adopted algorithms for solving such a problem,elaborating the university timetabling constraints to be considered achieving the optimal timetable,and explaining how to analyze and measure the performance of the optimization algorithms by demonstrating the commonly used benchmark datasets for the *** is noted that meta-heuristic methodologies are widely used in the ***,recently,multi-objective optimization has been increasingly used in solving such a problem that can identify robust university timetabling ***,trends and future directions in university timetabling problems are *** paper provides good information for students,researchers,and specialists interested in this area of *** challenges and possibilities for future research prospects are also explored.

关键词： University timetabling timetabling approaches meta-heuristics combinatorial optimization

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