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Dealing with change: An approach using non-functional requirements

Requirements Engineering 1996年第4期1卷 238-260页

作者： Chung, Lawrence Nixon, Brian A. Yu, Eric Computer Science Program University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX United States Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto Ont. Canada Faculty of Information Studies University of Toronto Toronto Ont. Canada Computer Science Program University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75083-0688 PO Box 830688 United States

Non-functional requirements (or quality requirements, NFRs) such as confidentiality, performance and timeliness are often crucial to a software system. Concerns for such NFRs are often the impetus for change. To systematically support system evolution, this paper adapts the 'NFR Framework', which treats NFRs as goals to be achieved during development. Throughout the process, consideration of design alternatives, analysis of trade-offs and rationalisation of design decisions are all carried out in relation to the stated goals, and captured in historical records. We show how such historical records of treating NFRs as goals also systematically support system evolution. This approach is illustrated by a study of changes in loan policies at Barclays Bank. The study considered changes in NFRs, and associated changes in priorities, workload and functionality. The study's historical records helped quickly determine the impact of changes. We also present guidelines for consistently managing historical records, and address tool support for the change process. © 1996 Springer-Verlag London Limited.

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Minds and Machines 1995年第1期5卷 109-155页

作者： Weiss, Eric A. Leiber, Justin Duchan, Judith Felson Selfridge, Mallory Dietrich, Eric Facione, Peter A. Day, Timothy Joseph Lammens, Johan M. Feenberg, Andrew Johnson, Deborah G. Levine, Daniel S. Warfield, Ted A. Annals of the History of Computing Kailua U.S.A. Department of Philosophy University of Houston Houston U.S.A. Department of Communicative Disorders and Sciences and Center for Cognitive Science State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering The University of Connecticut Storrs U.S.A. Program in Philosophy Computers and Systems Science Department of Philosophy State University of New York at Binghamton Binghamton USA College of Arts and Sciences Santa Clara University Santa Clara U.S.A. Department of Philosophy University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham U.S.A. Scuola Superiore S. Anna ARTS Lab Pisa Italy Department of Philosophy San Diego State University San Diego U.S.A. Department of Science and Technology Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy U.S.A. Department of Mathematics University of Texas at Arlington Arlington U.S.A. Department of Philosophy Rutgers The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick U.S.A.

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FUEL-CELL POWER-PLANTS FOR SURFACE FLEET APPLICATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1994年第3期106卷 59-76页

作者： GOUBAULT, P GREENBERG, M HEIDENREICH, T WOERNER, J Philippe Goubault:graduated in 1983 from the “Ecole Nationale Superieure de Techniques Avancees” in Paris with a major in naval architecture. After one year of military service with the French navy he worked as naval architect and program director for the French navy between 1984 and 1988. He was in charge of the development of AGNES200 Surface Effect Ship design which completed its sea trials in 1992. He also was responsible for the construction of five ships (four hydrographic vessels and one experimental MCM vessel) which entered service between 1988 and 1991. He has been involved in a number of projects and studies for the U.S. Navy U.S. Coast Guard and other foreign and domestic customers. At Band Lavis & Associates Inc. Mr. Goubault has expanded the computer tools used to conduct parametric analysis of advanced hullforms and has developed cost-effectiveness assessment tools and methodologies for both commercial and military ships. Mr. Goubault is a member of ASNE. Marc Greenberg:is employed as a cost analyst at the cost and economic analysis branch systems assessment and engineering division Naval Surface Warfare Center. He provides cost estimates and analyses of Navy ship and submarine technologies and has assisted in the development of parametric cost models since 1991. Employed as an electronics engineer by the U.S. Army Information Systems Command from 1989 to 1991 he provided support in simulation design and construction of high frequency and microwave communication systems. Mr. Greenberg received his BS degree in ceramic science and engineering from the Pennsylvania State University May 1987. He is a member of MORS. Todd Heidenreich:is employed in the design analysis and tools branch systems assessment and engineering division of the Carde-rock Division Naval Surface Warfare Center. He is involved as a project naval architect in the conceptual design of future surface ship designs future technology impact assessments and the assessment of current domestic and foreign surface ship desig

This paper describes the results of a study undertaken to determine the impact of fuel cell technology on the design and effectiveness of future naval surface combatants. The study involved the collection of data to characterize four different fuel cell technologies: proton exchange membrane, molten carbonate, phosphoric acid, and solid oxide fuel cells. This information was used to expand current computer models to develop specific fuel cell plants that met the power requirements for several applications on a nominal 5000 Lton destroyer and a nominal 2000 Lton corvette. Each of the fuel cell technologies was incorporated into several applications aboard the destroyer and the corvette. These applications included combinations of centralized and distributed ship service power, and propulsion power. In addition, the impact of fuel cell technology was determined for a ship service power backfit option aboard a DDG-51 class destroyer. The results of the impact on the ship designs were analyzed and a military effectiveness assessment was conducted to address such issues as the impact of fuel cells on mobility, survivability, affordability, and on the environment. The paper identifies which aspects of the fuel cell technologies have the greatest impact upon the ship designs and their operational costs. Recommendations are given for future technology development efforts required to make fuel cells suitable for Navy service.

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Potential benefits of file migration in a heterogeneous distributed file system 5

Potential benefits of file migration in a heterogeneous dist...

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5th International Conference on Computing and Information, ICCI 1993

作者： Hurley, R.T. Yeap, S.A. Wong, J.W. Black, J.P. Comput. Studies Program Trent Univ. PeterboroughONK9J 7B8 Canada Department of Computer Science University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0818642122

Due to limited numbers of resources in a distributed system, resource management strategies such as file migration have become increasingly important. We establish through simulation, that in a heterogeneous environment, a system which migrates whole files from congested to less congested storage sites can result in significant performance gains over a system without file migration. Our file migration policy is based on an instantaneous performance gain analysis;basically, a file migration is performed whenever if seems to lower the total response time of requests already in the system. User behavior in our system is modeled with time-varying file request probabilities in order to create variable levels of file access intensities. Our model establishes the conditions under which file migration is beneficial in a heterogeneous distributed file system. © 1993 IEEE.

关键词： Behavioral research

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Potential benefits of file migration in a heterogeneous distributed file system

Potential benefits of file migration in a heterogeneous dist...

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International Conference on Computing and Information (ICCI)

作者： R.T. Hurley S.A. Yeap J.W. Wong J.P. Black Trent University Peterborough ONT Canada Trent University Peterborough ON CA Comput. Studies Program Trent Univ. Peterborough Ont. Canada Department of Computer Science University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada

Due to limited numbers of resources in a distributed system, resource management strategies such as file migration have become increasingly important. We establish through simulation, that in a heterogeneous environment, a system which migrates whole files from congested to less congested storage sites can result in significant performance gains over a system without file migration. Our file migration policy is based on an instantaneous performance gain analysis; basically, a file migration is performed whenever if seems to lower the total response time of requests already in the system. User behavior in our system is modeled with time-varying file request probabilities in order to create variable levels of file access intensities. Our model establishes the conditions under which file migration is beneficial in a heterogeneous distributed file system.< >

关键词： File systems Performance gain Distributed computing Resource management Local area networks Workstations Dynamic programming Computational modeling Performance analysis Delay

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How Many Miles Per Hour Is That Fan Going? An Experiment to Implement Problem Solving in Grades 5–8

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School science and Mathematics 1993年第3期93卷

作者： David Cochener Debbie Cochener Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Developmental Studies Program Mathematics Austin Peay State University Clarksville Tennessee 37040

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Journal of Classification 1993年第1期10卷 125-156页

作者： A. Penttinen W. J. Krzanowski J. R. Kettenring F. James Rohlf William H. E. Day B. S. Weir John Kececioglu N. Ohsumi Peter Willett Department of Statistics University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland Department of Mathematical Statistics and Operational Research University of Exeter Exeter UK Bellcore Morristown USA Department of Ecology and Evolution State University of New York Stony Brook USA Port Maitland Canada Program in Statistical Genetics Department of Statistics North Carolina State University Raleigh USA Computer Science Department University of California at Davis Davis USA The Institute of Statistical Mathematics Tokyo Japan Department of Information Studies University of Sheffield S1) 2TN England

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Modeling and investigation of a primitive file transfer operation 4

Modeling and investigation of a primitive file transfer oper...

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4th International Conference on Computing and Information, ICCI 1992

作者： Hurley, R.T. Black, J.P. Wong, J.W. Computer Studies Program Trent University PeterboroughONK9J 7B8 Canada Department of Computer Science University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L 3G1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)081862812X

In recent years, the availability of high-speed networks and the reduced cost of powerful workstations have led to widespread use of distributed systems. File transfer is an important operalion in a distributed system. It can considered as a primitive operation in high-level applications such as file migration, process migration, and load balancing. In this paper, we develop a performance model for file transfer which consists of three submodels, one for each phase of file transfer. The read phase incorporates prefetching (read-ahead) of file blocks, the write phase incorporates postwriting (write-behind), and the control phase forces the file transfer to be sequential. The throughput of file transfer is obtained analytically using a a Markov chain analysis. The validity of the model is assessed using measurement data from a Unix United system. Additional results on the performance of file transfer are also presented. ©1992 IEEE.

关键词： HIgh speed networks

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Modeling and investigation of a primitive file transfer operation

Modeling and investigation of a primitive file transfer oper...

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International Conference on Computing and Information (ICCI)

作者： R.T. Hurley J.P. Black J.W. Wong Computer Studies program Trent University Peterborough ONT Canada Department of Computer Science University of Waterloo Waterloo ONT Canada

The availability of high-speed networks and the reduced cost of powerful workstations have led to wide-spread use of distributed systems. File transfer is an important operation in a distributed system. It can be considered as a primitive operation in high-level applications such as file migration, process migration and load balancing. The authors develop a performance model for file transfer which consists of three submodels, one for each phase of file transfer. The read phase incorporates prefetching (read-ahead) of file blocks, the write phase incorporates postwriting (write-behind), and the control phase forces the file transfer to be sequential. The throughput of file transfer is obtained analytically using a Markov chain analysis. The validity of the model is assessed using measurement data from a Unix United system. Additional results on the performance of file transfer are also presented.< >

关键词： Prefetching Throughput Kernel Power system modeling Load management Force control Transmitters Delay Local area networks High-speed networks

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CyberQuest:Hypermedia-Based Innovation and Design Support System

CyberQuest:Hypermedia-Based Innovation and Design Support Sy...

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The 4th International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering

作者： John W.DICKEY Geoffrey G.ROY Urban Affairs and Planning Program College of Architecture and Urban Studies Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Virginia USA. Computer Science Department University of Western Australia Australia

CyberQuest(CQ)is a Problem Solving and Innovation Support *** has been employed in over 300 cases to help people come up with ideas for a particular problem or opportunity and look for ways to implement the *** employs hypermedia(computer,audio,video,and even aroma)systems to help in a six step process to accomplish problem solving,design,and ***

关键词： CyberQuest:Hypermedia-Based Innovation and Design Support System

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