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IEEE International Conference on embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA)

作者： Tang-Hsun Tu Chih-Wen Hsueh Rong-Guey Chang Embedded System and Wireless Network Laboratory Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan System Software Laboratory Graduate Institute of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781424449316

In multicore environment, using multiple threads is a common useful approach to improve application performance. Nevertheless, even in many simple applications, the performance might degrade when the number of threads increases. Users usually impute this phenomenon to the overhead of creation or termination of threads. However, in our observation, the more significant effect is the dispatching of threads. We discuss the problems on using threads, and present a novel user dispatching mechanism (UDispatch) that provides controllability in user space to improve application performance. Since user threads cannot directly control system resources, a virtual device is adopted between user space and operating system for portability and efficiency instead of adding new system calls through kernel modification. We also experiment UDispatch through multithreading multimedia applications. The results show that a skipline application speeds up to 111.3% and 111.6% on a 4-core machine and an 8-core machine, respectively, and an optimized H.264/AVC decoder speeds up to 18.4% on a 4-core machine.

关键词： Dispatching Multicore processing Yarn Degradation Controllability Control systems Operating systems Kernel Multithreading Automatic voltage control

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The effect of real-time software reuse in FPGAs and microcontrollers with respect to software faults

The effect of real-time software reuse in FPGAs and microcon...

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International Symposium on Industrial embedded Systems

作者： Falk Salewski Stefan Kowalewski Embedded Software Laboratory Chair of Computer Science 11 RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424419944;9781424419951

Reuse is considered as an important aspect in software design, but certain challenges have to be met if software reuse is applied in embedded systems. In these systems, specific requirements, as for example safety or real-time requirements, have to be considered, which typically complicate the reuse of software. Moreover, a large variety of hardware platforms is present in embedded systems. Those hardware platforms have different properties, which might affect the reuse of the corresponding software. In this paper, the different impacts of microcontrollers and FPGAs on software reuse are considered by empirical investigations. In particular, the investigations focus on the effect of this reuse on faults in real-time software. As a result, different benefits and drawbacks of software reuse were identified for microcontrollers and FPGAs.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Microcontrollers software safety embedded system Hardware Real time systems embedded software Application software software standards Documentation

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Challenges in embedded model checking — a simulator for the [mc]square model checker

Challenges in embedded model checking — a simulator for the...

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International Symposium on Industrial embedded Systems

作者： Thomas Reinbacher Michael Kramer Martin Horauer Bastian Schlich Institute of Embedded Systems University of Applied Science Technikum Wien Vienna Austria Embedded Software Laboratory Informatik 11 RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424419944;9781424419951

Model checking is considered a promising approach for the verification of software for embedded systems. Generating system models that are close to real-life behavior, however, is challenging. As a result, in some approaches a model can be automatically constructed out of the assembly code along with an appropriate target simulator/debugger. The implementation of the latter is crucial for the entire verification process. To that end, this paper presents requirements and challenges that arise when implementing and verifying such a simulator for the [mc]square model checker from the RWTH Aachen University.

关键词： embedded system Power system modeling embedded software Assembly Logic programming Hardware software systems Testing Automata computer languages

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Interrupt Costs in embedded System with Short Latency Hardware Accelerators

Interrupt Costs in Embedded System with Short Latency Hardwa...

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International Conference and Workshop on Engineering of computer-Based Systems

作者： Sébastien Lafond Johan Lilius Turku Centre for Computer Science Embedded Systems Laboratory Finland Centre for Reliable Software Technology Åbo Akademi University Finland

The current trend for handheld device is to provide the users various embedded multimedia applications. These new applications constrain architecture developers to embed dedicated hardware accelerators in order to meet the application timing requirements. However the use of dedicated monolithic hardware accelerators is onerous to achieve due to physical and economical constraints. When the multimedia applications share common functionalities, monolithic hardware accelerators could be split into smaller accelerators in order to cut down redundancy in hardware implemented functionalities and save silicon area. Nevertheless lowering the granularity of accelerator will increase synchronization calls between the main processor and the accelerators. This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the impact of short latency hardware accelerators on a typical embedded system. We show that hardware accelerator granularity has a direct effect on the system performance in terms of cache misses, execution time and thus energy consumption.

关键词： Costs embedded system Delay Hardware Acceleration Handheld computers Timing Power generation economics Silicon System performance

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Extending the strand space method to verify Kerberos V

Extending the strand space method to verify Kerberos V

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18th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, PDCAT 2007

作者： Yongjian, Li Jun, Pang Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Software Laboratory of Computer Science P.O.Box 8718 Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Information Security P.O.Box 8718 Beijing China University of Oldenburg Department of Computer Science Safety-critical Embedded Systems 26111 Oldenburg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769530494

In this paper, we present two extensions of the strand space method to model Kerberos V. First, we include time and timestamps to model security protocols with times-tamps: we relate a key to a crack time and combine it with timestamps in order to define a notion of recency. Therefore, we can check replay attacks in this new framework. Second, we extend the classic strand space theory to model protocol mixture. The main idea is to introduce a new relation → to model the causal relation between one primary protocol session and one of its following secondary protocol session. Accordingly, we also revisit the definition of unsolicited authentication test. To demonstrate the power of this new theory, we model the Kerberos V protocol, and prove its secrecy and authentication goals. Our framework and the proofs of the example have been mechanized using Isabelle/HOL. © 2007 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication

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The Effect of Hardware Platform Selection on Safety-Critical software in embedded Systems: Empirical Evaluations

The Effect of Hardware Platform Selection on Safety-Critical...

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International Symposium on Industrial embedded Systems

作者： Falk Salewski Stefan Kowalewski Embedded Software Laboratory-Chair of Computer Science XI RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

Industrial embedded systems based on different types of hardware platforms are increasingly used in safety-critical applications these days. These different hardware platforms lead to fundamental differences in design, especially in case of the corresponding software. Experiments have been conducted at our institute in which a single task has been implemented on microcontrollers and on programmable logic devices as well in order to investigate impacts of these hardware platforms on the software reliability. In this paper we present results based on an experiment comparing the potentials of encapsulation and verification of real-time behavior by review in FPGAs and microcontrollers.

关键词： Hardware embedded software software safety software systems embedded system Microcontrollers Application software Programmable logic devices software reliability Encapsulation

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Exploring the differences of FPGAs and microcontrollers for their use in safety-critical embedded applications

Exploring the differences of FPGAs and microcontrollers for ...

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Industrial embedded Systems - IES'2006

作者： Salewski, Falk Kowalewski, Stefan Embedded Software Laboratory Department of Computer Science XI 52074 Aachen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)142440777X

industrial embedded systems are increasingly used in safety-critical applications. These embedded systems are based on different hardware platforms, reaching from microcontrollers to programmable logic devices. These different hardware platforms lead to fundamental differences in design. Major differences result from the different hardware architectures and their robustness and reliability as well as on the according differences in the software design process. In this paper, our current work dealing with different hardware platforms used in embedded systems and their influence on the safety and reliability of the overall system is presented. ©2006 IEEE.

关键词： embedded systems

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Exploring the Differences of FPGAs and Microcontrollers for their Use in Safety-Critical embedded Applications

Exploring the Differences of FPGAs and Microcontrollers for ...

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International Symposium on Industrial embedded Systems

作者： Falk Salewski Stefan Kowalewski Embedded Software Laboratory-Chair of Computer Science XI RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

Nowadays industrial embedded systems are increasingly used in safety-critical applications. These embedded systems are based on different hardware platforms, reaching from microcontrollers to programmable logic devices. These different hardware platforms lead to fundamental differences in design. Major differences result from the different hardware architectures and their robustness and reliability as well as on the according differences in the software design process. In this paper, our current work dealing with different hardware platforms used in embedded systems and their influence on the safety and reliability of the overall system is presented.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays Microcontrollers Hardware embedded system Application software Programmable logic devices computer architecture Robustness software design Safety

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Discrete control systems for cars-Quality is more than correct function 7

Discrete control systems for cars-Quality is more than corre...

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7th International Workshop on Discrete Event Systems, WODES 2004

作者： Kowalewski, Stefan Computer Science Department XI-Embedded Software Laboratory RWTH Aachen University Ahornstr.55 Aachen52074 Germany

Based on the situation and trends in the automotive industry, the paper presents current challenges for the development of automotive electronic control systems, in particular discrete control functions. It is argued that the current situation in the automotive industry should motivate the discrete event and hybrid systems research community to extend their attention from formally defined, single-application focussed control design problems to so-called nonfunctional view-points or qualitative requirements like, e.g., maintainability or inter-operability of control software components. © 2004 IFAC.

关键词： Automotive industry

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Discrete control systems for cars - quality is more than correct function

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2004年第18期37卷 13-16页

作者： Stefan Kowalewski RWTH Aachen University Computer Science Chair XI - Embedded Software Laboratory Ahornstr. 55 52074 Aachen Germany

Based on the situation and trends in the automotive industry, the paper presents current challenges for the development of automotive electronic control systems, in particular discrete control functions. It is argued that the current situation in the automotive industry should motivate the discrete event and hybrid systems research community to extend their attention from formally defined, single-application focussed control design problems to so-called non-functional view-points or qualitative requirements like, e.g., maintainability or inter-operability of control software components.

关键词： Automotive control systems quality requirements non-functional properties system architecture

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