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IEEE Electron Device Letters 2025年第5期46卷 705-708页

作者： Chen, Yi-Ho Chu, Fu-Chuan Aslam, Muhammad Lee, Yao-Jen Li, Yiming Samukawa, Seiji National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Graduate Degree Program of College of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology Solid State Devices Section Electronic System Research Division Taoyuan325 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Electrical Engineering and Computer Science International Graduate Program Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300093 Taiwan Institute of Pioneer Semiconductor Innovation Institute of Artificial Intelligence Innovation National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Parallel and Scientific Computing Laboratory Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Institute of Communications Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Institute of Communications Engineering Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Hsinchu300093 Taiwan

Recess gate etching is a critical technique for achieving enhancement-mode (E-mode) AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) because the interface is susceptible to the etching damage. This study fabricates recess gates using the neutral beam etching (NBE) technique. By adjusting the aperture thickness in the NBE apparatus, we simulate both NB-mode and plasma-mode etching. The electrical characteristics of E-mode HEMTs fabricated using these two modes are analyzed and compared through DC, noise, and pulsed IV measurements. The results demonstrate that NB-recessed HEMTs exhibit superior performance. © 1980-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Aluminum gallium nitride

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Chiral exceptional point enhanced active tuning and non reciprocity in micro-resonators

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光：科学与应用（英文版） 2025年第2期14卷 401-410页

作者： Hwaseob Lee Lorry Chang Ali Kecebas Dun Mao Yahui Xiao Tiantian Li Andrea Alù Sahin K.Özdemir Tingyi Gu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of DelawareNewarkDelaware 19716USA Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10031USA Physics Program Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10016USA Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Saint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMO 63103USA

Exceptional points(EPs)have been extensively explored in mechanical,acoustic,plasmonic,and photonic ***,little is known about the role of EPs in tailoring the dynamic tunability of optical devices.A specific type of EPs known as chiral EPs has recently attracted much attention for controlling the flow of light and for building sensors with better responsivity.A recently demonstrated route to chiral EPs via lithographically defined symmetric Mie scatterers on the rim of resonators has not only provided the much-needed mechanical stability for studying chiral EPs,but also helped reduce losses originating from nanofabrication imperfections,facilitating the in-situ study of chiral EPs and their contribution to the dynamics and tunability of ***,we use asymmetric Mie scatterers to break the rotational symmetry of a microresonator,to demonstrate deterministic thermal tuning across a chiral EP,and to demonstrate EP-mediated chiral optical nonlinear response and efficient electro-optic *** results indicate asymmetric electro-optic modulation with up to 17 dB contrast at GHz and CMOS-compatible voltage *** wafer-scale nano-manufacturing of chiral electro-optic modulators and the chiral EP-tailored tunning may facilitate new micro-resonator functionalities in quantum information processing,electromagnetic wave control,and optical interconnects.

关键词： active point micro chiral enhanced exceptional reciprocity resonators tuning

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Dimensionality reduction in 3D causal deep learning for neuroimage generation: an evaluation study

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Journal of Medical Imaging 2025年第2期12卷

作者： Ohara, Erik Y. Vigneshwaran, Vibujithan Souza, Raissa Vamosi, Finn G. Wilms, Matthias Forkert, Nils D. University of Calgary Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program Calgary AB Canada University of Calgary Department of Radiology Calgary AB Canada University of Calgary Hotchkiss Brain Institute Calgary AB Canada University of Calgary Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute Calgary AB Canada University of Calgary Department of Computer Science Calgary AB Canada University of Calgary Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences Calgary AB Canada

Purpose: Causal deep learning (DL) using normalizing flows allows the generation of true counterfactual images, which is relevant for many medical applications such as explainability of decisions, image harmonization, and in-silico studies. However, such models are computationally expensive when applied directly to high-resolution 3D images and, therefore, require image dimensionality reduction (DR) to efficiently process the data. The goal of this work was to compare how different DR methods affect counterfactual neuroimage generation. Approach: Five DR techniques [2D principal component analysis (PCA), 2.5D PCA, 3D PCA, autoencoder, and Vector Quantised-Variational AutoEncoder] were applied to 23,692 3D brain images to create low-dimensional representations for causal DL model training. Convolutional neural networks were used to quantitatively evaluate age and sex changes on the counterfactual neuroimages. Age alterations were measured using the mean absolute error (MAE), whereas sex changes were assessed via classification accuracy. Results: The 2.5D PCA technique achieved the lowest MAE of 4.16 when changing the age variable of an original image. When sex was changed, the autoencoder embedding led to the highest classification accuracy of 97.84% while also significantly impacting the age variable predictions, increasing the MAE to 5.24 years. Overall, 3D PCA provided the best balance, with an age prediction MAE of 4.57 years while maintaining 94.01% sex classification accuracy when altering the age variable and 94.73% sex classification accuracy and the lowest age prediction MAE (3.84 years) when altering the sex variable. Conclusions: 3D PCA appears to be the best-suited DR method for causal neuroimage analysis. © 2025 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

关键词： causal artificial intelligence causality deep learning dimensionality reduction generative models normalizing flows

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AI in EEG-Based BCI for the Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Mini Review

AI in EEG-Based BCI for the Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impa...

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International Winter Workshop on Brain-computer Interface (BCI)

作者： Vasilii Zaitsev Chun-Shu Wei EECS International Graduate Program National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798331521929

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521936

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a condition that often precedes dementia, making early diagnosis critical for delaying cognitive decline. Electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a non-invasive, cost-effective tool for monitoring brain activity and detecting MCI. This paper overviews recent advancements in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models for EEG-based MCI diagnosis. Traditional ML approaches, such as support vector machines (SVM) and K-nearest neighbors (KNN), have been widely used but rely on manually extracted features and face challenges with the complex nature of EEG signals. In contrast, DL models like convolutional neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, and transformers have shown promise in automatically learning features and capturing temporal and spatial information from EEG data. Despite these advancements, issues such as small dataset sizes and variability in EEG recordings remain barriers to clinical application. This paper discusses these challenges and highlights potential future directions for improving the diagnosis of MCI.

关键词： Deep learning Support vector machines Reviews Nearest neighbor methods Brain modeling Feature extraction Transformers Electroencephalography Recording Dementia

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KNU-DTI: KNowledge United Drug-Target Interaction prediction

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computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 189卷 109927-109927页

作者： Heo, Ryong Lee, Dahyeon Kim, Byung Ju Seo, Sangmin Park, Sanghyun Park, Chihyun Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Medical Bigdata Convergence Kangwon National University Gangwon-do Chuncheon-si24341 Korea Republic of Department of Data Science Kangwon National University Korea Republic of UBLBio Corporation Yeongtong-ro 237 Gyeonggi-do Suwon16679 Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science Yonsei University Yonsei-ro 50 Seodaemun-gu Seoul03722 Korea Republic of Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kangwon National University Korea Republic of

Motivation: Accurately predicting drug-target protein interactions (DTI) is a cornerstone of drug discovery, enabling the identification of potential therapeutic compounds. Sequence-based prediction models, despite their simplicity, hold great promise in extracting essential information directly from raw sequences. However, the focus in recent DTI studies has increasingly shifted toward enhancing algorithmic complexity, often at the expense of fully leveraging robust sequence representation learning methods. This shift has led to the underestimation and gradual neglect of methodologies aimed at effectively capturing discriminative features from sequences. Our work seeks to address this oversight by emphasizing the value of well-constructed sequence representation algorithms, demonstrating that even with simple interaction mapping algorithm techniques, accurate DTI models can be achieved. By prioritizing meaningful information extraction over excessive model complexity, we aim to advance the development of practical and generalizable DTI prediction frameworks. Results: We developed the KNowledge Uniting DTI model (KNU-DTI), which retrieves structural information and unites them. Protein structural properties were obtained using structural property sequence (SPS). Extended-connectivity fingerprint (ECFP) was used to estimate the structure-activity relationship in molecules. Including these two features, a total of five latent vectors were derived from protein and molecule via various neural networks and integrated by elemental-wise addition to predict binding interactions or affinity. Using four test concepts to evaluate the model, we show that the model outperforms recently published competitors. Finally, a case study indicated that our model has a competitive edge over existing docking simulations in some cases. © 2025

关键词： Prediction models

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FDAM: Filter-Dedicated Approximate Multiplier Design for Real-Time CNN Acceleration

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IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 2025年

作者： Nguyen, Kihwan Kim Xuan Truong Jeon, Dongsuk Lee, Hyuk-Jae Korea Republic of program Department of Electrical Engineering Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Research Institute for Convergence Science Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Video super-resolution (VSR) is widely used in various high-definition applications, such as HDTVs and smartphones, requiring a dedicated upscaling technique for realtime full-HD generation. To reduce on-chip buffers for largesize output feature maps, a streaming VSR accelerator may employ an output stationary dataflow, leading to a large energy consumption caused by frequent filter switching. To mitigate this, we introduce a new filter-dedicated multiplier design for realtime VSR acceleration. We replace costly multipliers with adders, shifters, and multiplexers (MUXes), referred to as unified multiple constant multiplications (UMCM). The conventional UMCM, however, may incur considerable area/power overhead due to the unified topology constraint among different filter sets. To address this problem, we propose a new approximated MCM (AMCM) problem to relax the constraint and an approximate compatible graph synthesis (A-CGS) framework to efficiently solve AMCM by jointly searching for approximated filters and constructing a unified graph. Additionally, we suggest a lightweight finetuning method by freezing approximated filters and only finetuning biases, which can recover the original model’s accuracy within a few epochs. Experimental results with synthetic data demonstrate that AMCM reduces the area by up to 49.8%, 44.8%, and 40.3% when considering constant sets of 2, 4, and 8, respectively. Our designs with SR application achieve up to a 73.3% reduction in energy consumption. Experiments with the Set5 and Set14 datasets show that our model with bias correction achieves similar restoration performance compared to the eightbit models. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Acceleration

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SHIFTING ATTENTION TO YOU: PERSONALIZED BRAIN-INSPIRED AI MODELS

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhao, Stephen Chong Hu, Yang Lee, Jason Bender, Andrew Wallace, Mark Tovar, David A. Mazumdar, Trisha Data Science Institute Vanderbilt University Nashville United States Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville United States Neurosciences Graduate Program University of California San Diego San Diego United States Department of Psychology Vanderbilt University Nashville United States

The integration of human and artificial intelligence represents a scientific opportunity to advance our understanding of information processing, as each system offers unique computational insights that can enhance and inform the other. The synthesis of human cognitive principles with artificial intelligence has the potential to produce more interpretable and functionally aligned computational models, while simultaneously providing a formal framework for investigating the neural mechanisms underlying perception, learning, and decision-making through systematic model comparisons and representational analyses. In this study, we introduce personalized brain-inspired modeling that integrates human behavioral embeddings and neural data to align with cognitive processes. We took a stepwise approach, fine-tuning the Contrastive Language–Image Pre-training (CLIP) model with large-scale behavioral decisions, group-level neural data, and finally, participant-level neural data within a broader framework that we have named CLIP-Human-Based Analysis (CLIP-HBA). We found that fine-tuning on behavioral data enhances its ability to predict human similarity judgments while indirectly aligning it with dynamic representations captured via magnetoencephalography (MEG). To further gain mechanistic insights into the temporal evolution of cognitive processes, we introduced a model specifically fine-tuned on millisecond-level MEG neural dynamics (CLIP-HBA-MEG). This model resulted in enhanced temporal alignment with human neural processing while still showing improvement on behavioral alignment. Finally, we trained individualized models on participant-specific neural data, effectively capturing individualized neural dynamics and highlighting the potential for personalized AI systems. These personalized systems have far-reaching implications for the fields of medicine, cognitive research, human-computer interfaces, and AI development. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Magnetoencephalography

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Enhanced Performance and Data Privacy in Lung Nodule Classification via Federated Deep Learning Approach 24

Enhanced Performance and Data Privacy in Lung Nodule Classif...

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2024 7th International Conference on Healthcare Service Management, ICHSM 2024

作者： Nguyen, Duc-Khanh Li, Ai-Hsien Adam Lai, Yen-Jun Chiu, Yen-Ling Phan, Dinh-Van Chien, Ting-Ying Chan, Chien-Lung Department of Information Management Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Statistics and Informatics University of Economics The University of Danang Danang Viet Nam Division of Cardiology Far Eastern Memorial Hospital New Taipei Taiwan Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Radiology Far Eastern Memorial Hospital New Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Medicine and Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Medical Research Far Eastern Memorial Hospital New Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan ZDT Group- YZU Joint Research and Development Center for Big Data Taoyuan Taiwan Yuan Ze University Taoyuan Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400710162

This study explores the feasibility of deep learning for classifying nodule neoplasms, analyzing their performance on two openly available datasets, LUNGx SPIE, and LIDC-IDRI. These datasets offer valuable diversity in image quantity, quality, and malignancy annotation methodologies, posing a real-world challenge for effective model development. To handle the disparities in these diverse datasets, we aim to develop a robust classification model trained using federated learning. This decentralized approach allows model training across datasets without sharing patient data, preserving privacy and overcoming data fragmentation. Our experiments demonstrate that federated learning enables the development of a robust and superior deep learning model compared to individual models trained on limited data. This combination of deep learning, and federated learning holds immense promise for nodule neoplasm classification and can significantly improve patient care and outcomes. © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Federated learning

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Contract-Inspired Contest Theory for Controllable Image Generation in Mobile Edge Metaverse

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年

作者： Liu, Guangyuan Du, Hongyang Wang, Jiacheng Niyato, Dusit Kim, Dong In Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science Energy Research Institute @ NTU Interdisciplinary Graduate Program Singapore University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hong Kong Hong Kong Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science Singapore Sungkyunkwan University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Korea Republic of

The rapid advancement of immersive technologies has propelled the development of the Metaverse, where the convergence of virtual and physical realities necessitates the generation of high-quality, photorealistic images to enhance user experience. However, generating these images, especially through Generative Diffusion Models (GDMs), in mobile edge computing environments presents significant challenges due to the limited computing resources of edge devices and the dynamic nature of wireless networks. This paper proposes a novel framework that integrates contract-inspired contest theory, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), and GDMs to optimize image generation in these resource-constrained environments. The framework addresses the critical challenges of resource allocation and semantic data transmission quality by incentivizing edge devices to efficiently transmit high-quality semantic data, which is essential for creating realistic and immersive images. The use of contest and contract theory ensures that edge devices are motivated to allocate resources effectively, while DRL dynamically adjusts to network conditions, optimizing the overall image generation process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only improves the quality of generated images but also achieves superior convergence speed and stability compared to traditional methods. This makes the framework particularly effective for optimizing complex resource allocation tasks in mobile edge Metaverse applications, offering enhanced performance and efficiency in creating immersive virtual environments. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Resource allocation

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Joint Source Decomposition of Concurrent EEG-FMRI Data in Epilepsy and Control Groups

Joint Source Decomposition of Concurrent EEG-FMRI Data in Ep...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： J. Mason Harding Haatef Pourmotabbed Yamin Li Kimberly Rogge-Obando Kate Wang Sarah E. Goodale Shiyu Wang Camden Bibro Bergen Allee Caroline Martin Victoria L. Morgan Dario J. Englot Catie Chang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University Department of Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University Department of Computer Science Vanderbilt University Neuroscience Graduate Program Vanderbilt University Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Neurological Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Radiology Vanderbilt University Medical Center

ISBN: (数字)9798331520526

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520533

EEG and fMRI are complementary, noninvasive technologies for investigating human brain function. These modalities have been used to uncover large-scale functional networks and their disruptions in clinical populations. Given the high temporal resolution of EEG and high spatial resolution of fMRI, integrating these modalities can provide a more holistic understanding of brain activity. This work explores a multimodal source decomposition technique for extracting shared modes of temporal variation between fMRI BOLD signals and EEG spectral power fluctuations in the resting state. The resulting components are then compared between patients with focal epilepsy and controls, revealing multimodal network differences between groups.

关键词： Neuroimaging Brain Fluctuations Epilepsy Functional magnetic resonance imaging Electroencephalography Pattern recognition Hemodynamics Spatial resolution Signal resolution

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