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Interactive simulation of teeth cleaning

International Congress Series 2001年第C期1230卷 682-688页

作者： Gockel, T. Salb, T. Weyrich, T. Burgert, O. Dillmann, R. Department for Computer Science Institute for Process Control Robotics Universität Karlsruhe (TH) 76128 Karlsruhe Germany

In this paper, an interactive simulation system for teeth cleaning is presented. This simulation system offers assistance for optimizing design and manufacturing of new toothbrushes. Data acquisition and pre-processing techniques for the model generation are shown, an editor for modelling of the elastic behaviour of the toothbrush parts is presented and the mathematical method for modelling of flexible parts of the toothbrush is explained. After the introduction of the PHANToM haptoid and the explanation of a new approach to collision detection, first results of the project are shown. © 2001, Elsevier science B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Interactive simulation system Teeth cleaning Toothbrush

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control system for motion control of a piezoelectric micromanipulation robot

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Advanced robotics 1998年第6期13卷 577-589页

作者： Santa, Karoly Fatikow, Sergej Department for Computer Science Institute for Process Control and Robotics University of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe 76128 Kaiserstrasse 12 Germany

Abstraet-Micromanipulation by microrobots has become an issue of primary importance in industry and biomedicine, since human manual capabilities are restricted to certain tolerances. The manipulation of biological cells or the assembly of a microsystem composed of several microcomponentsare good examples. An automated microrobot-based micromanipulation desktop station has been developed at the University of Karlsruhe. The process of assembly takes place in the field of view of a light optical microscope. This paper focuses on motion control problems of the piezo-driven microrobotsemployed by the station. The ability to adapt itself to the process requirements is of great importance for micromanipulation robots. They must be able to operate in a partially defined environment and to ensure reasonable behavior in unpredicted situations. A neural control concept basedon a reference model is proposed as a solution. It is shown that the neural controller is able to learn the desired behavior. It considerably outperforms an analytically designed linear controller in the real environment. © 1998 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： control system Micromanipulation Microrobots MRAC-method Neural network

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Simulation of frontal orbital advancement

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Virtual Reality 1999年第3期4卷 235-240页

作者： Grabowski, H.A. Hassfeld, S. Krempien, R. Munchenberg, J. Brief, J. Rembokp, U. Wörn, H. Institute for Process Control and Robotics University of Karlsruhe Germany Clinic for Cranio-Maxillo-Fociol-Surgery University of Heidelberg Germany Department of Radiology University of Heidelberg Germany Institute for Process Control and Robotics Department of Computer Science University of Karlsruhe 76128 Karlsruhe Germany

In this paper, we present a system for performing a complex surgical intervention using virtual reality (VR) technology. With the aid of the system, the intervention can be planned and simulated exactly before performing it in reality and important additional information can be achieved during the simulation. Before working in VR, finite element models of the patient's head are generated form CT-images. Based on these models, additional work is done in VR, where the patient's skull is cut into several pieces, which are then re-positioned. Based on moving and shifting the obtained pieces, the goal is to increase the volume inside the skull, which is called intracranial volume. Until now, it was not possible to measure the achieved increase of the intracranial volume. However, by using our system is it now possible to calculate this volume online during each step of our virtual intervention. The obtained results are used for the surgical intervention in reality. © Springer-Verlag London Ltd.

关键词： Finite element models Geometric modelling Mesh generation Virtual cutting Volume measurement VR-based surgery

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Laser measuring system for a flexible microrobot-based micromanipulation station

Laser measuring system for a flexible microrobot-based micro...

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： A. Buerkle S. Fatikow Computer Science Department Institute for Process Control and Robotics (IPR Universität Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany Computer Science Department Institute for Process Control and Robotics IPR Universität Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

There is an increasing interest in performing assembly of microsystems by flexible microrobots. A microrobot-based microassembly desktop station has been developed at the University of Karlsruhe. In this paper, new implementation results of a computer vision based automatic control system of a mobile microrobot with an integrated flexible manipulator are discussed. The operations of the robot manipulator take place under a microscope equipped with a CCD-camera. A major drawback of this system is its lack of depth information. For this reason, the sensor system has been enhanced by a line laser, using laser triangulation. The set-up of the modified sensor system is described. The measuring principle is based on a method called sheet of light triangulation, a variation of standard triangulation. This approach is described in detail, and its advantages and limitations are discussed.

关键词： Manipulators Sensor systems Robotic assembly Microassembly computer vision Automatic control Mobile computing Robot sensing systems robotics and automation Microscopy

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6 DOF path planning in dynamic environments-a parallel online approach

6 DOF path planning in dynamic environments-a parallel onlin...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： D. Henrich C. Wurll H. Worn Institute for Process Control and Robotics (IPR) Computer Science Department University of karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

Presents an approach to parallel path planning for industrial robot arms with six degrees of freedom in an online given 3D environment. The method is based a best-first search algorithm and needs no essential off-line computations. The algorithm works in an implicitly discrete configuration space. Collisions are detected in the Cartesian workspace by hierarchical distance computation based on polyhedral models of the robot and the obstacles. By decomposing the 6D configuration space into hypercubes and cyclically mapping them onto multiple processing units, a good load distribution can be achieved. We have implemented the parallel path planner on a workstation cluster with 9 PCs and tested the planner for several benchmark environments. With optimal discretisation, the new approach usually shows very good speedups. In online provided environments with static obstacles, the parallel planning times are only a few seconds.

关键词： Path planning Orbital robotics Defense industry Service robots Parallel robots Manipulators Hypercubes Workstations Personal communication networks Testing

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Online path planning with optimal C-space discretization

Online path planning with optimal C-space discretization

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Proceedings. 1998 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. Innovations in Theory, Practice and Applications (Cat. No.98CH36190)

作者： D. Henrich C. Wurll H. Worn Institute for Process Control and Robotics (IPR) Computer Science Department University of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

The paper is based on a path planning approach for industrial robot arms with 6 degrees of freedom in an online given 3D environment. It has online capabilities by searching in an implicit and discrete configuration space and detecting collisions in the Cartesian workspace by distance computation based on the given CAD model. Here, we present different methods for specifying the C-space discretization. Besides the usual uniform and heuristic discretization, we investigate two versions of an optimal discretization for a user-predefined Cartesian resolution. The different methods are experimentally evaluated. Additionally, we provide a set of 3-dimensional benchmark problems for a fair comparison of the path planner. For each benchmark, the run-times of our planner are between only 3 and 100 seconds on a Pentium PC with 133 MHz.

关键词： Path planning Service robots Orbital robotics Robotic assembly process control Intellectual property computer science Defense industry Manipulators Runtime

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On-line path planning by heuristic hierarchical search

On-line path planning by heuristic hierarchical search

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Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： D. Henrich C. Wurll H. Worn Institute for Process Control and Robotics (IPR) Computer Science Department University of Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Germany

In this paper, the problem of path planning for robot manipulators with six degrees of freedom in an on-line provided three-dimensional environment is investigated. As a basic approach, the best-first algorithm is used to search in the implicit discrete configuration space. Collisions are detected in the Cartesian workspace by hierarchical distance computation based on the given CAD model. The basic approach is extended by three simple mechanisms and results in a heuristic hierarchical search. This is done by adjusting the stepsize of the search to the distance between the robot and the obstacles. As a first step, we show encouraging experimental results with two degrees of freedom for five typical benchmark problems.

关键词： Path planning Service robots Orbital robotics Robotic assembly Computational geometry Motion planning process control Intellectual property computer science Manipulators

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Propagation of Action Knowledge in Multi-Agent Systems

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1998年第15期31卷 601-606页

作者： H. Friedrich O. Rogalla R. Dillmann Institute for Process-Control and Robotics Department for Computer Science University of Karlsruhe

Currently, an inportant topic in robotic reasearch systems is the design and development of learning Multi-Agent Systems ( MAS ). One major advantage of these systems is the fact that several agent work towards a common goal, having different specializations for specific subtasks. Especially learning MAS in cooperation with a human teacher seem to be a very promising approach for complex manipulation and production tasks. Since agents can join and leave the system at any time, it is important that knowledge acquired by single agents can be transferred or propagated between agents, to ensure that knowledge is not lost, if agents leave the system. Therefore, techniques will be presented to represent extentable action knowledge for task solutions in an agent's knowledge base and additionally, algorithms for propagating this knowledge between agents efficiently and with minimum communication effort.

关键词： Multi-Agent Systems Learning Knowledge-Representation

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Flexible Mobile Microrobots for Various Remote-controlled Micro-Manipulating Tasks

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2001年第9期34卷 327-331页

作者： Jörg Seyfried Ferdinand Schmoeckel Axel Bürkle Heinz Wörn Institute for Process Control and Robotics (IPR) Computer Science Department Universität Karlsruhe (TH) Kaiserstrasse 12 D-76128 Karlsruhe Germany

The handling of objects smaller than 1 mm is a great challenge for the robotics research community. Applications are the handling of biological cells, teleoperation under vacuum conditions (e.g. inside a scanning electron microscope - SEM) or the manufacture of prototypes of microsystems. In this paper, some aspects of the control of small mobile microrobots by teleoperation are addressed. The employed 6D-mouse proves satisfactory as an intuitive user interface. A distributed control and planning architecture is presented as well as a closed-loop control approach basing on a sensor system that mainly consists of a standard SEM.

关键词： Microsystems Assembly robots Telemanipulation Biotechnology Microscopes

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A pattern catalogue of surgical interventions for computer-supported operation planning

A pattern catalogue of surgical interventions for computer-s...

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8th Annual Meeting of Medicine Meets Virtual Reality, MMVR 2000

作者： Münchenberg, J. Wörn, H. Brief, J. Hassfeld, S. Mühling, J. Institute for Process Control and Robotics Department of Computer Science University of Karlsruhe 76128 Karlsruhe Germany Clinic for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Surgery University of Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1586030140

In this paper we present a new operation planning system which was evaluated in the clinic for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Surgery at the University of Heidelberg. In opposite to commercial systems our goal was, that the system considers the complete surgical intervention and not only a single procedure of it. A second goal was, that the system enables managing of complex operations, independent of which way the intervention will be intraoperatively performed (without technical support, with passive navigation support or active support by robots). Our system supports the surgeon during the preoperative planning as well as during the intraoperative execution phase. Therefore we developed a course model by which the managing of surgical interventions is possible. The focus of this paper is on this course model. At first we introduce instruction graphs and describe the structure of each activity observing its attributes and their context. Additionally, various surgical scopes will be presented which enable the surgeon to select one view among different ones of the individual operation procedures in accordance to medical and technical knowledge as well as in accordance to different degrees of abstraction. At last we demonstrate operation patterns, used as expert knowledge.

关键词： Robots

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