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Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information processing Society - NAFIPS

作者： A. Geyer-Schulz Department of Applied Computer Science Institute of Information Processing and Information Econoinics Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration Vienna Austria

We introduce the concept of compound derivations in fuzzy genetic programming as an alternative to lambda abstraction. We show that in fuzzy genetic programming based on simple genetic algorithms over k-bounded context-free languages compound derivations provide a powerful tool for generating automatically equivalence transformations on the grammar of a context-free language. Although such transformations do not change the language generated by the grammar, the probability of generating words can be transformed almost at will. We apply this property to: nonlinear transformations of the probability of generating words for initializing a population,; incorporating a priori knowledge; the new genetic operator compound which provides an alternative to lambda abstraction; and proving speedup theorems.

关键词： Genetic programming Fuzzy sets Genetic algorithms computer science Information processing Power generation economics Power generation Arithmetic Marine vehicles

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Optical detection of breaks and short circuits on the layouts of printed circuit boards using CNN

Optical detection of breaks and short circuits on the layout...

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IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Nanoscale Networks and their Applications, (CNNA)

作者： P. Szolgay K. Tomordi Analogic and Neural Computing Systems Laboratory Computer and Automation Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI) Budapest Hungary Image Processing and Neurocomputing Department Faculty of Engineering University of Veszprem Veszprem Hungary

The printed circuit board layout inspection methods are mostly based on local geometric information, therefore it is well suited to the cellular neural network (CNN) paradigm. Two layout errors are detected here namely, the breaks in the wires and some kind of short circuits. The designed analogic algorithms to solve the problems above were tested on real life examples using an experimental system based on our CNN-HAC1M digital multiprocessor add-on-board, with 1 million cell space and 2.0 /spl mu/s/cell/iteration speed.

关键词： Optical detectors Cellular neural networks Geometrical optics Optical computing Printed circuits Inspection Wires Algorithm design and analysis Circuit testing Life testing

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A method for structural testing of Ada concurrent programs using the Event Interactions Graph

A method for structural testing of Ada concurrent programs u...

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Asia-Pacific Conference on Software Engineering

作者： T. Katayama Z. Furukawa K. Ushijima Graduate School of Information Science Nara Institute of Science and Technology Ikoma Japan Educational Center for Information Processing Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan Department of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

Software testing generally proceeds as follows: generating test-cases, selecting test-data, executing a test target program, inspecting execution result and evaluating whether testing has already been sufficient or not yet. As for methods for structural testing of programs, the way using a coverage, where the coverage means what extent given testing criteria are satisfied, is noted. At the evaluating step, whether or not we finish the testing is determined in view of the coverage. This paper proposes a method for structural testing of concurrent programs written in Ada programming language, especially, test-case generation and execution of the programs. The Event InterActions Graph (EIAG) is used as a model for concurrent programs. The EIAG consists of Event Graphs and Interactions. An Event Graph is a control flow graph of a program unit in a concurrent program. The Interactions represent interactions between the program units. Program units are such as procedures, functions and task-types. After generating test-cases on the EIAG, a method for selecting test-data is described and measures to cope with infeasible test-cases with which are generated in this step is clarified. And a forced execution of a test target concurrent program in order to solve the nondeterministic execution is investigated. The nondeterministic execution is characteristic of concurrent programs.

关键词： Software testing computer languages computer science Information science Information processing Flow graphs

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A Bayesian approach to PET reconstruction using image-modeling Gibbs priors: implementation and comparison

A Bayesian approach to PET reconstruction using image-modeli...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear science (NSS/MIC)

作者： M.T. Chan G.T. Herman E. Levitan Rockwell International Science Center Camino CA USA Signal and Image Processing Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Faculty of Medicine Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel

The authors demonstrate that (i) classical methods of image reconstruction from projections can be improved upon by considering the output of such a method as a distorted version of the original image and applying a Bayesian approach to estimate from it the original image (based on a model of distortion and on a Gibbs distribution as the prior) and (ii) by selecting an "image-modeling" prior distribution (i.e., one which is such that it is likely that a random sample from it shares important characteristics of the images of the application area) one can improve over another Gibbs prior formulated using only pairwise interactions. The authors illustrate their approach using simulated Positron Emission Tomography (PET) data from realistic brain phantoms. Since algorithm performance ultimately depends on the diagnostic task being performed. The authors examine a number of different medically relevant figures of merit to give a fair comparison. Based on a training-and-testing evaluation strategy, the authors demonstrate that statistically significant improvements can be obtained using the proposed approach.

关键词： Bayesian methods Positron emission tomography image reconstruction Biomedical imaging Medical diagnostic imaging Smoothing methods Pixel Signal processing image processing Radiology

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A progress report on subliminal-free channels 1st

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1st International Workshop on Information Hiding, 1996

作者： Burmester, Mike Desraedt, Yvo G. Itoh, Toshiya Sakurai, Kouichi Shizuya, Hiroki Yung, Moti Department of Mathematics Royal Holloway - University of London Egham Surrey TW20 OEX United Kingdom Department of EE and CS University of Wisconsin MilwaukeeWIP.O. Box 784 United States Department of Information Processing Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Midori-ku Yokohama 226 Japan Department of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Kyushu University 6-10-1 Hakozaki Higashi-kuFukuoka812-81 Japan Education Centre for Information Processing Tohoku University Kawauchi AobakuSendai980-77 Japan IBM T.J. Watson Research Centre Yorktown Hights NY10598 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540619963

Subliminal channels are closely related to covert channelsand are used to hide secret information. They abuse the communications resource. Subliminal channels can be introduced in many cryptographicsystems, and exploit the inherent randomness of the systems. For example, secret information can be hidden in the randomness of the authenticators of an authentication system. Similarly secret information can be hidden in the randomness (of the prover or verifier) of both zeroknowledge proof systems and signature systems. To establish a subliminal channel the cryptosystem is abused, that is, used in a different way and for a different purpose than intended by its designer. A particularly obnoxious type of subliminal channel may be activated by abortive halting. For state-of-the-art security, it may be desirable to detect, and if possible prevent, subliminal channels. In this paper we address the problem of whether it is possible to develop (and if so, how) appropriate techniquesfor detecting or preventing the use of such channels. Several such techniques have already been proposed in the literature, and are suitable for many systems. We review these. We also consider recent developments, in particular with regards to the formal security requirements and their impact on research. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1996.

关键词： Authentication

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Fractal dimension of low-resolution medical images

Fractal dimension of low-resolution medical images

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： A.I. Penn M.H. Loew Department of Mathematics George Washington University Washington D.C. DC USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Institute of Medical Imaging and Image Analysis George Washington University Washington D.C. DC USA

Fractal dimension (fd) is a feature which is widely used to characterize medical images. Previously, researchers have shown that fd separates important classes of images and is orthogonal to other texture measures. Existing methods of estimating fd, however, are unable to distinguish many images with similar characteristics, limiting the effectiveness of fd as a feature. This paper analyzes the limitation of box-counting (BC) and fractional Brownian motion (fBm) methods of estimating fd. Estimation by BC is ineffective when applied to data-limited images. Estimation by fBm uses a restrictive model which is not applicable to Iterated Function Systems or to noisy images. The authors present a new method of estimating fd which is applicable to data-limited medical images. In the authors' method, Fractal Interpolation Functions (FIFs) are used to generate self-affine models of graphical representations of image data. The fd of each FIF is analytically evaluated, and measures of confidence and self-affinity are computed. The new method is demonstrated in a test study of red blood cells.

关键词： Fractals Biomedical imaging image motion analysis Brownian motion image resolution Mathematics computer science image texture analysis 1f noise Biology computing

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Recognition of voiced speech from the bispectrum

Recognition of voiced speech from the bispectrum

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European Signal processing Conference (EUSIPCO)

作者： Anastasios Delopoulos Maria Rangoussi Janne Andersen Division of Computer Science Department of Electrical Engineering National Technical University of Athens GR-15780 Athens Greece Digital Signal Processing Group Institute for Electronic Systems Aalborg University DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark

Recognition of voiced speech phonemes is addressed in this paper using features extracted from the bispectrum of the speech signal. Voiced speech is modeled as a superposition of coupled harmonics, located at frequencies that are multiples of the pitch and modulated by the vocal tract. For this type of signal, nonzero bispectral values are shown to be guaranteed by the estimation procedure employed. The vocal tract frequency response is reconstructed from the bispectrum on a set of frequency points that are multiples of the pitch. An AR model is next fitted on this transfer function. The AR coefficients are used as the feature vector for the subsequent classification step. Any finite dimension vector classifier can be employed at this point. Experiments using the LVQ neural classifier give satisfactory classification scores on real speech data, extracted from the DARPA/TIMIT speech corpus.

关键词： Speech Speech recognition Transfer functions Harmonic analysis Speech processing Feature extraction Estimation

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Computing the trajectories generated by discrete linear repetitive processes

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Zeitschrift fuer Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, ZAMM, Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 1996年第SUPPL 5期76卷 159-159页

作者： GaLkowski, K. Rogers, E. Owens, D.H. Technical University of Wroclaw Institute of Telecommunications and Acoustics Poland University of Southampton Department of Electronics and Computer Science Image Speech and Intelligent Systems Group Southampton SO9 5NH United Kingdom University of Exeter Centre for Systems and Control Engineering Exeter EX4 4QF United Kingdom

Computing the trajectories generated by an arbitrary system or process is extremely important for its analysis, especially for control and stability investigations. This paper analyses the fundamental matrix sequence (a discrete counterpart of the transition matrix in the continous case) for a linear unit memory repetitive process. The main result refers to the representation of the repetitive process in terms of the general singular Kurek model.

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Adaptability of K-L expansion technique for ambiguous face image retrieval

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART III-FUNDAMENTAL ELECTRONIC science 1996年第10期79卷 35-46页

作者： Oda, M Akamatsu, S Fukamachi, H ATR Human Information Processing Laboratories Kyoto Japan 619-02 Shigeru Akamatsu received his B.E. M.E. and Dr. of Eng. degrees in Mathematical Enginwring and Instrumentation Physics in 1975 1977 and 1994 respectively from the University of Tokyo Japan. In 1977 he joined the Electrical Communications Laboratories Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation Yokosuka Japan. From 1977 through 1985 he was engaged in the research and development of optical character recognition systems for handwritten Chmese characters. During the academic year 1985-86 he was a Visiting Researcher at the University of California Irvine California U.S.A. Until 1992 he was a Senior Research Engineer Supervisor at W Human Interface Laboratories and conducted research on human image recognition with a special interest in face recognition. Since 1992 he has been with ATR Human Information Processing Research Laboratories Kyoto Japan where he is currently Head of Department 2. His research interests include computational and cognitive studies on high-level vision with a special interest in facial information processing by man and computer. He is a member of the Institute of Electronics Information and Communication Engineers of Japan the Information Processing Society of Japan ACM and the IEEE Computer Society. Hidm Fukamachi received his B.E. degree in Image Technology from the Tokyo Institute of Polytechnics in 1990. He joined NTT Software Corp. in 1990 where he was engaged in the development of image processing software. Since 1993 he has been with ATR Human Information Processing Research Laboratories.

Some facial images are not necessarily clear images in the human brain. However, it can be easily judged whether a face matches the image in our mind;this is true even when the drawing or the expression of the target image is difficult to comprehend. This is because even if the image cannot be imagined like a picture, it does exist. The authors have proposed a system with which a retriever can retrieve an ambiguous target image from an image database. The system's retrieval efficiency and ease-of-retrieval were clarified by experiments using line drawn facial images. In this paper, the system is extended to photographs of faces. The most difficult problem in treating photographs is determining the retrieval key. One consideration is to add the subjective impressions or features of physical figures as keywords for each image data. Regardless of the method, however, significant manpower is necessary. The K-L expansion technique is used here, which has been verified as effective for face identification, and expect to need only a small amount of manpower. This paper investigates whether the technique can also be useful in ambiguous image retrieval.

关键词： ambiguous image image retrieval K-L expansion facial image subjective similarity

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Entropy-based texture analysis of chromatin structure in advanced prostate cancer

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Cytometry Part A 1996年第3期24卷

作者： K. Yogesan T. Jørgensen F. Albregtsen K. J. Tveter H. E. Danielsen Laboratory for Experimental Pathology and Image Analysis Department of Pathology The Norwegian Radium Hospital Images Processing Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Oslo Department of Urology Ullevål Hospital Oslo Norway

A new texture operator, gray-level entropy matrix (GLEM), was developed, and nine new textural features were extracted from this matrix. These textural features were applied to light microscopy images of nuclei taken from monolayers of advanced prostate cancer cells representing two different prognostic groups: hormone-sensitive (good prognosis) and hormone-resistant (poor prognosis) tumors. A comparison between the classification results obtained from GLEM features and those obtained from standard textural estimators is also discussed. Single features that gave correct classification rates better than 65% were included in a discriminant analysis in order to find the optimal set of features to discriminate between the two prognostic groups in the training data set. The best combination of features includes three GLEM features together with ENTROPY extracted from gray-level cooccurrence matrix, and this combination gave a correct classification rate of 95% using the leaving-one-out technique. The influences of image sharpness and number of cells were also investigated. The features based on entropy or degree of scatter of minute structures can be used to discriminate between hormone-sensitive and hormone-resistant prostate carcinomas. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： Texture analysis entropy prognosis light microscopy prostate cancer

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