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Southeastern Symposium on System Theory

作者： R.J. Pieper J.K. Richstein C.-M. Ho A. Lee T.-C. Poon Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Naval Postgraduate School Monterrey CA USA Optical Image Processing Laboratory Bradley Department of Electrical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA

A prototype of an optical-electronic histogram generator has been designed and tested for 1-D objects. In this scheme, the object to be analyzed is laser scanned. The resulting optical signal is detected by a photodetector which generates an electrical signal output which is subsequently analyzed with a combination of analog and digital electronics. The system has shown to be fairly modular in design. Various aspects of the extension of the design to two dimensions is discussed.< >

关键词： Histograms Circuits Signal generators Nonlinear optics Clocks Photodetectors Mirrors Signal analysis Optical scattering Signal processing

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A CMOS VLSI IC for real-time opto-electronic two-dimensional histogram generation

A CMOS VLSI IC for real-time opto-electronic two-dimensional...

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Southeastern Symposium on System Theory

作者： J.K. Richstein D.J. Fouts R.J. Pieper T.-C. Poon Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Naval Postgraduate School Monterrey CA USA Optical Image Processing Laboratory Bradley Department of Electrical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA

Histogram generation, a standard image processing operation, is a record of the intensity distribution in the image. A prototype of an optical-electronic histogram generator has been designed and tested for 1D objects using wirewrapped MSI TTL components (Richstein et al. 1993). The overall system design is such that the electronic signal obtained from the optically scanned two-dimensional semi-opaque image is processed and displayed within a period of one cycle of the scanning process. The authors report a VLSI design to be used in a two-dimensional real-time histogram generation scheme.< >

关键词： Very large scale integration CMOS integrated circuits Histograms Optical recording image generation image processing Prototypes Optical devices Optical design Testing

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Higher order statistics based Gaussianity test applied to on-line speech processing

Higher order statistics based Gaussianity test applied to on...

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Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & computers

作者： M. Rangoussi G. Carayannis Department of Electrical Engineering Computer Science Division National and Technical University of Athens Athens Greece Institute of Language and Speech Processing Athens Greece

Detection of speech in noisy recordings becomes a challenging problem when the noise does not follow the usual whiteness, stationarity and high signal-to-noise ratio assumptions. A robust speech detector can affect significantly the performance of several speech processing tasks, such as endpoint detection, segmentation, and finally recognition, if we deal with real life data, as opposed to laboratory or controlled environment recordings. The detector proposed is based on a Gaussianity test that employs third-order cumulants of the data to decide on the binary hypotheses of noise only versus speech plus noise. Speech intervals are detected by exploiting the third-order information present in the speech signal. The detector can handle a large family of additive noises, thanks to its third-order statistics basis. The sample-adaptive and decision feedback variations proposed, provide the detector with a tracking ability both with respect to the time variations of speech and the possible nonstationarity of noise. Experiments carried out using real data, recorded in a moving car interior, show satisfactory performance of the proposed algorithms down to -6 dB signal-to-noise ratio.< >

关键词： Higher order statistics Gaussian processes Testing Signal to noise ratio Detectors Speech enhancement Working environment noise Speech processing Noise robustness Robust control

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Speaker normalization by input space optimization for continuous density hidden Markov models

Speaker normalization by input space optimization for contin...

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International Symposium on Speech, image processing and Neural Networks

作者： Jianxiong Wu Zeyu Qi Chorkin Chan Jiegu Li Institute of Image Proc. and Pattern Recog. Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China Department of Computer Science University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

ISBN: (纸本)078031865X

This paper proposes a novel method of speaker normalization by means of input space optimization for continuous density hidden Markov models (CDHMM). The parameters of a linear feature transformation function are so determined that, together with the previously trained CDHMM parameters, a mis-classification cost function is minimized for the normalizing data set. Preliminary experimental results on the task of sex adaptation for speaker-independent stop consonant discrimination, evaluated from the DARPA TIMIT speech database, demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.< >

关键词： Hidden Markov models Loudspeakers Automatic speech recognition Neural networks Optimization methods Cost function Speech analysis Spatial databases Speech processing image processing

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Qualitative tracking of 3-D objects using active contour networks

Qualitative tracking of 3-D objects using active contour net...

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IEEE computer Society Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)

作者： Dickinson Jasiobedzki Olofsson Christensen Department of Computer Science University of Toronto Toronto ONT Canada Computational Vision and Active Perception Laboratory Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Laboratory of Image Analysis IES University of Aalborg Aalborg Denmark

In this paper, we track changes in the appearance of the object as it moves from one frame to the next. At a symbolic level, an aspect graph clusters all the views of an object into a set of topologically distinct classes in terms of which surfaces of an object are visible from a given viewpoint (Koenderink and van Doom (1979). Two nodes (or aspects) in the aspect graph are connected by an arc if it is possible to directly move from a viewpoint in which the first aspect is visible to a viewpoint in which the second aspect is visible. Qualitatively, we can envision a tracking strategy which simply tracks an object as it moves from one node to another in the object's aspect graph. Although it does not provide us with accurate pose of the object, it does qualitatively describe the motion of the object without the need for a CAD representation of the object.< >

关键词： Object recognition Tracking Graph theory Machine vision

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Adaptive post-processing algorithms for low bit rate video signals

Adaptive post-processing algorithms for low bit rate video s...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal processing (ICASSP)

作者： Tsann-Shyong Liu N. Jayant Telecommunications Laboratories Chungli Taiwan Institute of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Signal Processing Research Department AT and T Bell Laboratories Inc. Murray Hill NJ USA

A new adaptive post-processing algorithm to enhance the quality of a noisy video sequence is presented. This algorithm employs motion compensated frame averaging to improve picture quality. A classification algorithm divides sub-blocks of pixels in the averaged frame into 4 classes: edge, smooth, non-smooth with motion and non-smooth without motion. Spatial algorithms that perform multilevel median filtering, double median filtering and median filtering are used for pixels belonging to edge, smooth and non-smooth with motion categories. Pixels in the nonsmooth, unmoving category are left unfiltered to preserve corresponding image texture. In a simpler version of this 4-class system, the motion cues and motion compensated frame averaging are eliminated, and the purely spatial filtering is based on a 3-class algorithm. When used at the output of a 3-D subband coder at 384 kbps, the spatial postfilter was shown to provide a consistent gain in subjectively evaluated picture quality. Twenty-five viewers participated in an experiment involving three coded sequences. In a pairwise comparison of postfiltered and unfiltered sequences, the postfiltered version was judged to be better in 63 out of 75 instances.< >

关键词： Bit rate Filters Signal processing algorithms Filtering algorithms Frequency Motion compensation Noise reduction image coding Motion estimation computer science

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Printability of sub‐150 nm features in x‐ray lithography: Theory and experiments

Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics a...

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Journal of Vacuum science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 1994年第6期12卷 3965-3969页

作者： Scott D. Hector Vincent V. Wong Henry I. Smith M. A. McCord K. W. Rhee Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 IBM Semiconductor Research and Development Center Yorktown Heights New York 10598 Nanoelectronics Processing Facility US Naval Research Laboratory Washington DC 20375

image formation in x‐ray lithography has been studied extensively. A previous theoretical study predicted that 0.1 μm features can be printed at large gaps (≳10 μm) with absorbers attenuating less than 10 dB. This study seeks to verify rigorous electromagnetic simulations of image formation by directly measuring the aerial image. Exposures of features with linewidths ranging from 0.15 to 0.075 μm were performed on the Helios synchrotron. Pedestal‐style x‐ray masks, consisting of SiNx membranes and a Au absorber, were patterned with e‐beam lithography at 100 and 50 kV. By careful dose control and inspection of the resulting features, one can directly determine the aerial image (the image at the resist surface). This is verified using a string model of the resist development. Aerial image measurements correlate reasonably well with modeling results.

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Combinatorial pattern discovery for scientific data: some preliminary results 94

Combinatorial pattern discovery for scientific data: some pr...

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Proceedings of the 1994 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data

作者： Jason Tsong-Li Wang Gung-Wei Chirn Thomas G. Marr Bruce Shapiro Dennis Shasha Kaizhong Zhang Computer and Information Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 100 Bungtown Rodad Cold Spring Harbor NY Image Processing Section Laboratory of Mathematical Biology Division of Cancer Biology and Diagnosis National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Frederick MD Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University 251 Mercer Street New York NY Department of Computer Science The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada N6A 5B7

ISBN: (纸本)9780897916394

Suppose you are given a set of natural entities (e.g., proteins, organisms, weather patterns, etc.) that possess some important common externally observable properties. You also have a structural description of the entities (e.g., sequence, topological, or geometrical data) and a distance metric. Combinatorial pattern discovery is the activity of finding patterns in the structural data that might explain these common properties based on the *** paper presents an example of combinatorial pattern discovery: the discovery of patterns in protein databases. The structural representation we consider are strings and the distance metric is string edit distance permitting variable length don't cares. Our techniques incorporate string matching algorithms and novel heuristics for discovery and optimization, most of which generalize to other combinatorial structures. Experimental results of applying the techniques to both generated data and functionally related protein families obtained from the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques. When we apply the discovered patterns to perform protein classification, they give information that is complementary to the best protein classifier available today.

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Fabrication using x‐ray nanolithography and measurement of Coulomb blockade in a variable‐sized quantum dot

Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics a...

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Journal of Vacuum science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 1994年第6期12卷 3611-3613页

作者： M. Burkhardt Henry I. Smith D. A. Antoniadis T. P. Orlando M. R. Melloch K. W. Rhee M. C. Peckerar Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 Nanoelectronics Processing Facility U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Washington D.C. 20375

We report on the fabrication and measurement of a novel type of quantum dot device in which the shape and size of the dot can be controlled. The device consists of four uniformly spaced quantum point contacts which can be biased to produce quantum dots ranging in size from 600 nm to below 200 nm. The capacitances of the gates controlling the dot are small. Measurements were made at a temperature of 0.3 K for three different dot sizes. Devices were fabricated in three lithography steps, with x‐ray nanolithography used to define the final gate layer. The device exhibits conductance maxima whose spacing depends on which quantum point contacts are used to define the quantum dot.

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CONTEXT-BASED LOSSLESS image COMPRESSION

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computer JOURNAL 1993年第1期36卷 68-77页

作者： TISCHER, PE WORLEY, RT MAEDER, AJ GOODWIN, M Victorian Centre of Image Processing and Graphics Department of Computer Science Monash University Clayton 3168 VictoriaAustralia

The two-dimensional method of Langdon and Rissanen for compression of black and white images is extended to handle the exact lossless compression of grey-wale images. Neighbouring pixel values are used to define contexts and probabilities associated with these contexts are used to compress the image. The problem of restricting the number of contexts, both to limit the storage requirements and to be able to obtain sufficient data to generate meaningful probabilities, is addressed. Investigations on a variety of images are carried out using the JPEG lossless mode predictors. Results indicate that a one pass arithmetic encoder using restricted contexts can lead to effective lossless image compression algorithms.

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